T 

876 
Al 
1915b 


C.  BERKELEY  LIBRA;   , 


31 


\ 


-  PACIFIC 
INTERNATIONAL  EXPOSITION 
SAN  FRANCISCO  1915 


The  WaihUreen  Co. 


A 
Cordial  Welcome  Awaits  You 

at  the 

Vvestinghouse  Electric  Exhibits 


The   Palace   of   Transportation 

The  Palace  of  Machinery 
The  Mine — Palace  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy 

BEDS 

Westinghouse  Electric  products  are  to  be  found 
throughout  the  Exposition  Grounds  in  the  Exhibit 
Palaces,  Nation  Buildings,  State  Buildings,  and 
the  "Zone." 

Westinghouse  Electric  achievements  have  made 
large  Expositions  possible. 

Its  devices  generate  electric  energy;  transmit  this 
energy  long  distances  to  you;  haul  trains;  operate 
the  street  cars  in  which  you  ride;  light  your  city; 
convey  minerals  from  vein  to  surface;  drive  ma 
chinery  in  every  kind  of  factory;  bring  assistance 
and  comfort  to  your  home;  start  and  light  your 

motor  car;  drive  your  electric  pleasure  vehicle 

and  do  a  multitude  of  other  things. 

Such  devices  can  be  seen  in  these  exhibits.  See 
them,  and  when  you  buy 


Specify  Westinghouse  Electric 


Westinghouse  Electric  and  Manufacturing  Co. 

East  Pittsburg,  Pa.  U.  S.  A. 


w 


Sales    Offices    in    45    American    Cities 


SEE  OUR  EXHIBIT 

IN  THE  MINES  BUILDING 


A   MINIATURE  WHITE  LEAD 
FACTORY    IN     OPERATION 


THE  GRAND  PRIZE 

TWO  GOLD  MEDALS  OF  HONOR 
ONE  GOLD  MEDAL 

ARE  THE  AWARDS  OF  THE 

PANAMA-PACIFIC  INTERNATIONAL 
EXPOSITION 


TO 


W.  P.  Fuller  &  Co 

Manufacturers  of 

Paints  -  Colors  -  Varnishes 

and 

Pioneer  White  Lead 


OY  INVITATION 

MCMBCR  or 


MAGNETOS 
SPARK  PLUGS 


VISIT  OUR  EXHIBIT  IN  THE 
TRANSPORTATION  BUILDING 

BLOCK  13-A 

Splitdorf   Electrical   Co, 

NEWARK,  N.  J. 


THE  APPLE  ELECTRIC  CO. 

NEWARK,  N.  J. 

STARTING  AND  LIGHTING  APPARATUS 

STORAGE  BATTERIES 

AMMETERS 

TIMERS 

Our    Entire    Line    is     shown     in     the 
Transportation   Building,    Block    1 3- A 


Remington  Typewriter  Company  Awards 

at  the 

Panama-Pacific 

International 

Exposition 

(Confirmed  by  Superior  Jury) 

Outrank  and  Outnumber  All  Others  in  Its  Line 


GRAND  PRIZE— FOR  "EXCELLENCE  OF  ITS  PRODUCT." 
GOLD  MEDAL  OF  HONOR— FOR  ITS  "EDUCATIONAL  VALUE." 

GOLD  MEDAL-FOR  "FLEXIBILITY  AND  WIDE  RANGE  OF  ITS 
COMBINED  TYPEWRITING  AND  ADDING  MA 
CHINE."  (Wahl  Mechanism.) 

GOLD  MEDAL— FOR ' 'QUALITY  AND  VARIETY"  OF "REMTICO" 
TYPEWRITER  RIBBONS  AND  CARBON  PA 
PERS. 


The  Highest  Possible  Award  in  Every  Department  of  Our  Business 


REMINGTON  TYPEWRITER  CO.  [Inc.] 

New  York  and  Everywhere 


San  Francisco  in  1915 


A  City  of  Remarkable 
Development 


San  Francisco  within  the  last  ten  years  has  been  erected 
anew  Its  buildings,  its  skyscrapers,  are  the  products 
•of  splendid  resourcefulness  and  energy  And  in  this- 
development  no  small  part  has  been  played  by 

OTIS  ELEVATORS 

The  extent  of  the  vertical  expansion  of  any  city  rests 
with  the  degree  to  which  elevators  are  made  practical 
and  safe.  Otis  Elevators  are  what  they  are  and  where 
they  are  only  because  of  anticipating  and  meeting  every 
modern  requirement  in  elevator  service  The  absorbing 
chapters  of  the  elevator's  development,  the  devices  by 
which  modern  elevators  are  made  safe,  the  methods  of 
their  construction,  operation,  and  application  to  our 
tallest  buildings,  are  picturesquely  revealed  in  the 

Palace    of  Machinery 

just  to  the  right  of  the  west  main  entrance.  Be  sure  to 
visit  the  elevator  exhibit 


Otis  Elevator  Company 

Offices  in  all  Principal  Cities  of  the  World 


See  the  Exhibit 

of 

H  «  A     T>     A     "  American     /^il 

I  A.D.A.  A^clSn  Cheques 


m  the  Palace  of  Mines 
and  Metallurgy,  near  the 
main  West  entrance.  It 
is  unique  and  interest 
ing.  Ask  the  Officers  in 
charge  to  explain  the 
advantages  of  "A.B.A." 
Cheques,  the  safest,  han 
diest  "travel  money/ 


Illilji 


The 

HOTEL  MCALPIN 

Herald  Square 
NEW  YORK 

'HpHE  perfect  hotel;  chosen  by 
:•*  general  preference  not  only 
for  its  accessibility  and  superior 
service,  but  quite  as  much  for  its 
distinct  atmosphere  of  sociability 


Headquarters  for  the 

PANAMA-PACIFIC 

EXPOSITION 
ORGANIZATION 

in  New  York  City 


Tariff— $2.00  and  up 
wards  for  single  rooms, 
to  $5.0C  and  upwards 
fir  luxurious  suites 


MANAGEMENT  OF  MERRY  &  BOOMER 


Ifi 


SEE 

Ceresit  First 


In  our  exhibit  in  Machinery 
Hall  at  San  Francisco  you  will 
find  the  waterproofing  problem 
presented  in  an  artistic,  interest 
ing  and  forceful  manner. 

At  International  Exhibitions 
CERESIT  has  been  awarded  3 
Grand  Prizes,  1  State  Prize  and 
6  Gold  Medals.  This  testifies 
to  the  efficiency  of  CERESIT 
Compound  as  a  waterproofer  for 
basements,  reservoirs,  cisterns, 
cement  coat  houses,  or  any  con 
struction  where  dampness  is  to 
be  overcome. 

You  will  find  displayed  the 
merits  of  CERESIT  Damp-proof 
Coating,  Damp-proof  Plaster 
Bond,  Damp-proof  Stone  Back 
ing,  Concrete  Floor  Hardener, 
and  WEATHER-WEAR  Storm 
proof  Roof  Coat. 

Write  for  our  literature. 


Ceresit  Waterproofing  Co. 

General  Offices: 

900  Westminster  Bldg.,  Chicago 
101  Park  Ave.,  New  York 

Made  In  U.  S.  A. 


WOODROW 
WILSON 

'RESIDENT 
THE  UNITED  STATES 
COLGEOWGOETHALS  CC.MOOR 


VISITATION 


T^namaT^ciflc 
InternalionaHxposilio 


|it  IN  CELEBRATION  OJ7  THE  OPENING 


COPYRIGHTED,    1914 
CAPT.    J.    RUPERT    FOSTER,    CONCESSIONAIRE,   MARYSVILLE,    CAL. 

Perpetuate  your  visit  to  the  Ex 
position  by  the  purchase  of  a 
certificate  of  visitation.  Prices 
25  cents,  50  cents  and  $1.00 

Head  Office,  Plaza  on  the  Zone,  next  to 
Gunst  Cigar  Store. 

Booths,  Palace  of  Manufactures.  Palace  of 
Education. 

Or  order  by  mail  Jrom  Capt.  J.  Rupert  Fos 
ter,  Marysville,  Cal.,  Concessionaire 


iiiiimmiimnniBlfl 


T: 
SERVICE: 

SCENERY: 


MEANS 


Through  Standard  and  Tourist 
Sleepers— Observation  Cars- 
Dining  Cars— Electric  Lights- 
Steam  Heat-  Day  Coaches 

Thru  Daily  Service  to  Denver, 
Omaha,  Kansas  City,  St.  Louis 
and  Chicago,  in  connection  with 
Burlington  —  Missouri  Pacific 
-Rock  Island 

Marvelous  Scenic  Attractions 
of  Sierra  and  Rocky  Mountains 
seen  from  Car  Window  Without 
Extra  Expense  for  Side  Trips 


Tfie  Distinctive  San  Francisco  Line 


FOR  f ULL  INFORMATION  APPLY  TO  ANY 
WESTERN  PACIFIC  AGENT  OR 

f.  A.  WADLEIGH 

Passenger  Traffic  Manager,  Denver,  Colo. 

E.  L  LOMAX 

Assistant  Passenger  Traffic  Manager,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


iiiimmrl 


SEPTEMBER  EDITION 


Official  Guide 


of  the 


Panama- Pacific  International  Exposition — 1915 


San   Francisco,  California,  U.  S.  A. 

Opening  Day  February  20,  1915 
Closing:  Day,  December  4,  1915 

Containing  a  complete  index  to  all  features  of  the  Exposition,  maps, 

locations  of  all  buildings  and  Exposition  structures 

as  well  as 

A  complete  guide  to  the  Exposition  sculpture,  mural  paint 
ings,  architecture  and  inscriptions  and  brief  descriptions 

of  the  exhibit  .palaces,  state,  t-eiritorial  and  foreign  . 

buildings,  from  official  data  supplied 
by  the-  several  Exposition 
' 


Illustrated  with  photographs  of  the  distinctive 

structures,  statuary  and  best  views 

about  the  grounds 


Copyright  1915  by  The  Wahlereen  Company 


Issued  by  Authority  of  the 

Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition 


The  Wahlgreen  Company 

Official  Publishers 

San  Francisco 


12 


Introductory. 


The  principal  function  of  the  Official  Guide 
being  to  direct  rather  than  to  describe,  the  aim 
has  been  to  indicate  the  principal  objects  of 
interest  without  comment;  in  other  words,  to 
tell  what  there  is  to  be  seen  and  where  to  find  it. 

The  arrangement  of  the  Guide  follows,  in 
general,  the  natural  divisions  of  the  Exposition. 

The  visitor  is  first  confronted  with  the  general 
Exposition  spectacle.  Therefore,  each  of  the 
features  that  contribute  to  the  spectacle  — 
architecture,  sculpture,  color  scheme,  mural 
paintings,  gardens,  illumination,  etc.  —  have 
been  treated  first,  separately  and  in  brief,  under 
"General  Description  of  the  Exposition." 

These  subjects  are  also  treated  in  relation  to 
the  several  "Palaces  and  Courts."  under  that 
heading.  - 

The  palaces  and  courts  are  presented  in  a 
definite  order  as  though  the  visitor  were  being 
conducted  personally  about  the  grounds. 

The  indexed  map  under  the  front  cover  will 
give  the  location  of  any  building  on  the 
grounds. 

A  complete  index  will  be  found  at  the  end  of 
the  Guide. 

The  illustrations  are  from  photographs  fur 
nished  by  the  Cardinell-Vincent  Co.,  official 
photographers,  studio  located  at  the  Fillmore 
Street  entrance  to.  the.  Zone.  m 

r' 


13 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  EXPOSITION  GROUNDS 

All  of  the  principal  street  car  lines  that  do  not  run  direct  to  the 
Exposition  grounds  give  transfers  to  direct  lines. 

There  are  two  principal  street  car  systems:  the  Municipal  Railroad, 
owned  and  operated  by  the  city,  and  the  United  Railroads.  At  the 
main  points  of  intersection  along  Geary  street,  at  Stockton  and  Ellis, 
and  at  Union  and  Hyde  streets,  transfers  are  exchanged  between  the 
cars  of  the  two  systems. 

Direct  lines  to  the  Exposition  grounds  run  from  the  Union  Ferry 
Depot  at  the  foot  of  Market  street,  and  from  the  section  of  the  city 
south  of  Market  street  west  on  Polk  street  and  Fillmore  street. 

From  the  Ferry  Depot  boats  connect  with  the  Key  Route,  Southern 
Pacific  and  all  other  railroads  on  the  other  side  of  the  bay. 

A  regular  schedule  is  maintained  by  the  ferry  boats  of  the  Key 
Route  System  between  the  Exposition  Ferry  slips  and  the  Key  Route 
pier,  on  the  east  side  of  the  bay,  where  trains  communicate  with 
Oakland,  Berkeley  and  other  points  in  Alameda  county 

ENTRANCES  TO  THE  GROUNDS 

There  are  eight  entrances  to  the  Exposition  grounds,  as  follows: 

Ferry  Station,  north  east  of  Palace  of  Machinery,  reached  by  ferry 
boats  of  the  Key  Route  system. 

Laguna  Street  Entrance,  north  side  of  grounds,  reached  by  cars 
of  the  Municipal  Railroad.  This  entrance  leads  to  the  western  portion 
of  the  Zone  (street  of  amusements.) 

Van  Ness  Avenue,  at  eastern  end  of  the  grounds,  reached  by  United 
Railroads  and  Municipal  Railroads.  This  entrance  gives  onto  the  east 
ern  end  of  the  Zone. 

Fillmore  Street  Entrance,  south  side  of  the  grounds,  reached  by 
United  Railroads  and  Municipal  Railroad.  This  entrance  gives  onto 
the  Avenue  of  Progress  which  lies  between  the  Palace  of  Machinery 
and  the  main  group  of  Exposition  palaces. 

Just  within  this  entrance  on  the  west  is  the  Service  Building,  and  on 
the  east  the  entrance  to  the  Zone. 

Scott  Street,  the  main  entrance  to  the  grounds,  reached  by  Municipal 
Railroad.  This  entrance  gives  access  to  the  central  portion  of  the 
Exposition,  and  is  the  starting  point  for  the  circuit  of  the  main  features 
of  the  Exposition  as  presented  in  this  Guide.  See  "Palaces  and 
Courts." 

Baker  Street,  south  side  of  grounds,  reached  by  Union  Street  cars 
of  the  Municipal  Railroad.  This  entrance  gives  onto  Administration 
Avenue,  which  runs  between  the  main  group  of  palaces  and  the  Palace 
of  Fine  Arts,  and  terminates  at  the  California  building,  where  the 
administrative  offices  of  the  Exposition,  the  quarters  of  the  Woman's 
Board,  and  the  displays  of  the  California  Counties  are  to  be  found. 

Just  within  this  entrance,  on  the  left,  is  the  Inside  Inn.  On  the  right 
are  the  Horticulture  Gardens  and  the  Palace  of  Horticulture. 

Lyon  Street,  south  side  of  grounds,  for  the  use  of  automobiles  and 
other  vehicles  only. 

Presidio  Entrance,  from  the  Presidio,  south  side  of  the  grounds, 
reached  by  the  Union  Street  car  line  of  the  Municipal  Road.  This 
entrance  leads  from  the  United  States  Military  Reservation  directly  to 
the  foreign  section  of  the  grounds.  It  is  also  the  most  convenient  to 
the  State  Buildings,  the  Live  Stock  section,  the  Race  Track,  the  Polo 
Field  and  the  Athletic  Field  at  the  Western  end  of  the  grounds. 

Post  Road  Entrance,  from  the  Presidio.  Service  entrance  for 
vehicles  only. 


BRIEF  DIRECTIONS 

The  visitor  will  be  guided  by  remembering  that  the  Tower  of 
Jewels  is  about  the  center  of  the  Exposition  and  is  immediately  op 
posite  the  Scott  street  entrance — the  main  gate. 

North  is  the  water  side  of  the  Exposition.  The  Zone  is  to  the  east 
of  the  Exhibit  Palaces,  while  the  State  and  Foreign  buildings,  the  Live 
Stock  section,  the  Race  Track  and  Athletic  Fields  are  to  the  west. 

A  General  Information  Bureau  will  be  found  in  the  Press  Building, 
the  first  structure  to  the  right  of  the  Scott  street  entrance. 

The  Eight  Exhibit  Palaces,  Education,  Liberal  Arts,  Manufactures, 
Varied  Industries,  Mines  and  Metallurgy,  Transportation,  Agriculture 
and  Food  Products,  form  the  main  group  of  the  "walled  city,"  with  the 
Tower  of  Jewels  in  the  center.  Machinery  Palace  is  on  the  east  of  this 
group.  The  Fine  Arts  Palace  is  at  the  west.  The  Palace  of  Horticul 
ture  is  at  the  left  hand  as  you  enter  the  Scott  street  entrance.  Festival 
Hall  is  at  the  right. 

The  Courts  which  connect  the  main  group  of  exhibit  palaces  are:  at 
the  east  "Court  of  Abundance,"  surrounding  which  are  Palaces  of 
Varied  Industries,  Manufacturers,  Transportation,  and  Mines.  South  of 
this  is  a  smaller  court,  "The  Court  of  Flowers."  The  central  link  in  the 
chain  of  courts  is  the  "Court  of  the  Universe."  "The  Court  of  the 
Four  Seasons,"  on  the  west,  completes  the  chain.  Surrounding  it  are 
Palaces  of  Agriculture,  Food  Products,  Education,  and  Liberal  Arts. 
The  smaller  court  south  is  the  "Court  of  Palms." 

The  South  Gardens  fill  the  area  between  the  Scott  street  entrance, 
the  Avenue  of  Palms,  the  Palace  of  Horticulture  and  Festival  Hall. 

The  Marina  lies  north  of  the  main  group  of  exhibit  palaces,  the  Es 
planade  forming  its  south  boundary,  with  the  Yacht  Harbor  and  the 
California  Building  on  the  west,  the  Ferry  slips  on  the  east;  San 
Francisco  Bay  forming  its  northern  line. 

The  Yacht  Harbor,  at  the  western  end  of  the  Marina,  has  on  its 
outer  breakwater  a"  reproduction  of  Morro  Castle,  from  which  the 
searchlights  are  played. 

A  Lost  and  Found  Department  is  located  in  the  Office  of  the  Guards, 
in  the  small  building,  west  of  the  Service  Building. 

Lost  Children  will  be  taken  to  the  lost  and  found  department  in  the 
Service  Building. 

The  Stadium  is  in  the  center  of  the  Live  Stuck  area. 

The  Band  Concourse  is  at  the  west  end  of  the  Avenue  of  Palms, 
adjoining  the  Inside  Inn  and  close  to  the  Baker  Street  entrance. 

Location  of  Offices. — The  President,  Secretary,  Treasurer,  Director 
in  Chief,  Board  of  Directors,  and  general  administration  offices  are  lo 
cated  in  the  administration  wing  of  the  California  Building. 

The  Director  of  Exhibits,  Director  of  Works,  Director  of  Conces 
sions  and  Admissions,  Chief  of  Special  Events,  Comptroller,  and 
Commandant  of  the  Guards  are  located  in  the  Service  Building. 

The  Director  of  the  Division  of  Exploitation  is  located  in  the  Press 
Building. 

The  offices  of  the  chiefs  of  the  various  exhibit  departments  are  lo 
cated  in  their  respective  buildings. 

(For  exact  locations  of  buildings,  etc.,  see  indexed  map  under  cover.) 

15 


16 


General  Description  of  the  Exposition. 

ORIGIN  AND  HISTORY 

The  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition  originated  in  a  sug 
gestion  by  R.  B.  Hale,  now  Vice-President  of  the  Exposition  Company, 
as  far  back  as  January  }2,  1904,  in  a  letter  from  Mr.  Hale  to  his 
fellow  members  of  the  directorate  of  the  Merchants'  Association. 

The  first  Exposition  Bill  in  San  Francisco's  behalf  was  introduced 
at  Washington  early  in  1906  and  was  notice  that  San  Francisco 
claimed  the  next  international  exposition.  In  November,  1909,  2,500 
representatives  of  the  membership  of  the  commercial  organizations  of 
the  city  were  interrogated  by  mail  as  to  whether  they  wanted  an 
exposition,  and  as  the  return  vote  was  almost  unanimously  in  favor, 
a  mass  meeting  was  called  for  on  the  floor  of  the  Merchants'  Ex 
change  on  December  7,  1909.  This  was  one  of  the  several  meetings 
that  resulted  in  the  formation,  on  March  22,  1910,  of  the  Panama- 
Pacific  International  Exposition  Company. 

A  mass  meeting,  at  which  $4,098,000  was  subscribed  by  popular 
subscription,  was  held  on  the  floor  of  the  Merchants'  Exchange 
April  28,  1910. 

On  February  15,  1911,  President  William  H.  Taft  signed  the  bill, 
recognizing  San  Francisco  as  the  city  to  hold  the  official  Exposition  in 
Celebration  of  the  Building  and  Completion  of  the  Panama  Canal,  San 
Francisco  having  won  the  endorsement  of  Congress  after  a  spirited 
contest  for  that  honor  with  New  Orleans.  The  Exposition  site  was 
selected  in  July,  1911.  President  Taft  broke  ground  for  the  Exposition 
October  14,  1911.  The  first  contract  let  for  an  exhibit  palace  was  for 
the  Palace  of  Machinery,  January  7,  1913,  and  the  building  was  com 
pleted  on  March  10,  1914.  The  Exposition  established  a  record  in 
the  history  of  world  expositions  by  being  structurally  complete  three 
months  beforehand,  and  completely  ready  on  the  opening  day. 

PREPARATION    OF    GROUNDS 

At  the  beginning  of  1912  much  of  the  site  was  low  and  some  of  it 
under  water.  The  first  work  necessary  was  to  fill  these  low  places, 
which  was  done  by  dredging  sand  from  the  bay.  The  amount  and  cost 
of  this  fill  was  approximately  as  follows: 

Harbor  View  basin,  1,300,000  cubic  yards,  cost $220,000 

Presidio  lands,  400,000  cubic  yards,  cost   81,000 


$301,000 

The  dredging  was  completed  about  the  end  of  1912. 
In  October,  1912,  grading  by  teams  for  streets,  courts,  etc.,  was  start 
ed.    The  total  cost  was  approximately  $200,000. 

A  $50,000,000  INVESTMENT 

Beginning  with  a  nucleus  of  $4,000,000,  subscribed  by  citizens  of 
San  Francisco  in  two  hours  at  a  mass  meeting  at  the  Merchants 
Exchange,  the  Exposition  rapidly  grew  until  it  stands  today  as  a  $50,- 
000,000  enterprise.  To  this  initial  subscription  the  citizens  of  San  Fran 
cisco  at  a  later  meeting  contributed  $3.500,000  additional,  making  a 
total  by  popular  subscription  of  $7,500,000.  Other  sums,  making  up 
the  grand  total  of  $50,000,000,  are:  State  of  California,  $5,000,000  by 
bond  ksue,  City  of  San  Francisco  by  bond  issue,  $5,000,000;  expended 
by  states  and  territories  in  buildings  and  displays,  exclusive  of  Cali- 

17 


i\ 


fornia,  $8,000,000;  counties  of  California,  $3,000,000;  invested  in  con 
cessions,  $10,000,000,  expenditures  by  foreign  governments,  $5,000,000, 
and  expenditure  by  individual  exhibitors,  $6,500,000. 

SCOPE 

The  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition  at  San  Francisco  is 
the  world's  celebration  of  the  opening  of  the  Panama  Canal.  It  is 
the  third  Exposition  of  its  class  held  in  the  United  States,  and  the 
twelfth  in  the  history  of  Expositions.  It  is  essentially  contempo 
raneous,  no  exhibit  being  eligible  for  award  unless  produced  since  the 
St.  Louis  Exposition  ten  years  ago,  or  unless  it  is  a  product  that  has 
not  been  impro'ved  upon  within  that  period.  The  Panama-Pacific  Inter 
national  Exposition  therefore  represents  a  decade  in  the  material  prog 
ress  of  civilization.  In  order  to  receive  rating  as  a  universal  Exposi 
tion,  it  must  make  a  comprehensive  showing  of  the  achievements  of 
all  civilized  nations  in  all  lines  of  human  endeavor.  The  Exposition 
does  this.  It  is  an  epitome  of  civilization.  The  long  step  forward 
taken  by  the  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition,  over  all  expo 
sitions  that  have  preceded  it,  is  largely  a  reflection  of  the  advance 
made  by  the  world  in  the  arts,  sciences  and  industries  since  the  last 
Exposition  was  held. 

EXHIBITS. 

The  exhibits  and  their  installation  represent  an  expenditure  of  more 
than  $10,000,000.  In  the  eleven  exhibit  palaces  are  some  70,000  sepa 
rate  exhibits.  More  than  fifty  miles  of  exhibit  aisles  divide  the  inte 
rior  of  the  palaces. 

The  units  of  representation  include  nations  of  the  world,  States  of 
the  United  States.  Municipalities,  the  fifty-eight  Counties  of  California 
and  individual  exhibitors.  Displays  are  placed  in  many  of  the  Na 
tional  and  State  Pavilions,  as  well  as  in  the  Exhibit  Palaces. 

Under  the  head  of  "Palaces  and  Courts"  in  this  guide  will  be  found 
an  outline  of  the  scope  of  the  exhibits  within  each  palace.  With  the 
descriptions  of  the  several  State  and  Foreign  Buildings  the  distribu 
tion  of  the  exhibits  of  each  State  and  Nation  is  indicated. 

Locations  of  exhibits  may  be  ascertained  by  consulting  the  complete 
list  of  exhibits  in  all  palaces  printed  in  the  Official  Catalogue  of 
Exhibits,  for  sale  on  the  grounds. 

LOCATION 

The  Exposition  covers  two  and  one-half  miles  along  the  southern 
shore  of  San  Francisco  Bay,  just  inside  the  famous  Golden  Gale. 
On  each  flank  are  eminences  crowned  with  the  Government  fortifica 
tions  of  Fort  Mason,  to  the  east,  and  the  Presidio  battlements  to  the 
west.  Across  the  bay  are  the  hills  of  Marin  County  and  majestic  Mt. 
Tamalpais.  In  back  of  the  Exposition  and  framing  it  in  a  natural 
amphitheater  are  the  heights  of  San  Francisco.  The  Exposition  is 
within  a  twenty-minute  ride  from  the  heart  of  the  downtown  district 
and  transportation  facilities  are  ample  for  any  pressure  of  attendance 
by  many  routes  of  superior  accessibility. 

LAYOUT  OF  GROUNDS 

There  are  three  main  divisions  of  the  Exposition:  the  central,  con 
taining  the  exhibit  palaces  and  the  courts;  the  western,  containing 
the  state  and  foreign  buildings  and  live  stock  section,  race  track, 
aviation  and  athletic  fields;  the  eastern  containing  the  amusement 
structures  of  the  Zone,  on  either  side  of  a  3,000  foot  boulevard. 

18 


The  635  acres  covered  by  the  site  are  divided  as  follows: 

Exhibit  Palaces 220  acres 

State  and  Foreign  Sites   110  acres 

Live  Stock  Section   30  acres 

Aviation  Field  and  Race  Track  • 40  acres 

Concessions 70  acres 

R.  R.  Terminals,  docks,  ferry  slips,  service  yards,  etc 165  acres 

ARCHITECTURE 

Considered  by  the  standards  established  in  the  building  of  previous 
expositions,  the  general  architectural  scheme  of  the  structures  at  San 
Francisco,  is  revolutionary.  Here  there  is  harmony  of  effect  attained 
without  the  monotony  that  comes  with  rigorous  uniformity. 

The  idea  of  a  complete,  definite  plan  to  which  each  building  is 
contributory  as  a  unit  has,  at  this  Exposition,  supplanted  the  more 
familiar  method  of  grouping  together  a  great  number  of  individual 
structures  and  the  dominant  influence  in  determining  this  architectural 
treatment  was  the  unique  and  magnificent  site  on  which  the  completed 
structures  now  stand. 

Bordering  on  the  broad  expanse  of  San  Francisco  Bay,  the  site 
and  atmospheric  color  both  strongly  suggest  the  Mediterranean, 
and  in  this  setting  the  scheme  that  seemed  most  appropriate  to  the 
architectural  commission  and  capable  of  a  high  expression  of  beauty 
was  that  of  a  city  of  the  Far  East,  its  great  groups  of  buildings 
"walled  in"  and  sheltering  its  many  courts.  Aside  from  the  possi 
bility  of  great  architectural  beauty  that  such  a  scheme  presents, 
its  adoption  was  further  recommended  by  its  value  as  a  practical 
working  plan — minimizing  the  difficulties  of  handling  crowds,  as 
well  as  enabling  the  visitor  to  get  over  the  grounds  with  the  least 
effort,  demonstrating  that  the  practical  may  also  be  beautiful,  and  that 
neither  quality  need  be  weakened  by  the  presence  of  the  other. 

Planning    and    executing   the    architecture    of    the    Exposition,    the 
builders   have  wrought  in  a  complete  harmony,  trying  insofar  as  it  \ 
might  be  possible  to, make  of  painting,  sculpture,  landscape  and  archi-     \ 
tecture,   a   composite    mind,   which    should   always    feel    the   absolute 
need   of   each   of  its   parts,   and   realize   that   no   one   of  them   could 
stand  alone. 

As  is  fitting  in  an  Exposition  which  is  a  meeting  place  of  the  na 
tions,  expression  has  been  given  to  many  of  the  great  types  of 
architecture,  both  of  the  old  world  and  the  new.  Thus  the  Court 
of  the  Universe,  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts,  Machinery  Hall,  the  Court 
of  Four  Seasons,  all  may  be  said  to  spring  from  the  same  Roman 
or  Greek  models,  yet  nothing  could  be  more  distinct  in  detail,  charac 
ter  and  effect  than  are  these  different  spots.  So,  too,  both  Fes 
tival  Hall  and  the  Palace  of  Horticulture,  are  designed  in  the  feeling 
of  the  French  Renaissance  and  are  at  the  same  time  as  unlike  as 
one  can  imagine. 

The  Court  of  Abundance,  which  has  a  suggestion  of  the  Spanish  and 
the  Gothic  has  been  given  by  its  designer  an  atmosphere  quite  its 
own,  while  the  Courts  of  Palms  and  Flowers  show  strongly  the 
influence  of  different  periods  of  the  Italian  Renaissance,  although  an 
effort  has  been  made  to  let  it  be  merely  an  influence  and  not  a  complete 
dominance. 

In  the  Tower  of  Jewels,  the  most  commanding  feature  of  the 
plan,  an  almost  entirely  new  note  has  been  struck.  While  all  the 
detail  may  be  quite  familiar  to  us,  its  massing  and  composition  are 
such  that  we  feel  at  once  a  real  freedom  of  thought. 

19 


\ 


Lastly,  the  California  Building,  perhaps  the  most  interesting  from 
this  standpoint,  is  a  collection  of  motives  taken  literally  from  the 
different  missions  of  California,  yet  so  combined  and  developed  as 
to  form  a  structure  which  would  certainly  seem  unfamiliar  to  the 
old  Mission  builders. 

The  north  and  south  facades  of  the  Palaces  composing  the  outer 
wall  (of  the  "Walled  City")  are  in  general  a  liberal  treatment  of 
the  "Plateresque"  period  of  Spanish  architecture,  so  called  because 
of  its  resemblance  to  the  work  of  the  "plateros"  or  silversmiths,  of 
the  16th  century. 

THE  ARCHITECTS 

The  men  who  contributed  to  the  exposition  include  some  of  the 
best  known  architects  in  the  United  States. 

The  block  plan,  for  the  laying  out  of  the  exposition,  and  the 
arrangement  and  design  of  the  palaces  were  adopted  by  an  Archi 
tectural  Council  of  nine,  into  which  was  incorporated  an  original 
Architectural  Commission  of  three,  consisting  of  Willis  Polk,  W.  B. 
Faville  and  Clarence  R.  Ward,  all  of  San  Francisco. 

During  its  deliberations  the  Architectural  Council  was  assisted 
by  E.  H.  Bennett,  the  eminent  authority  on  city  planning,  who  was 
engaged  for  the  purpose  by  the  Division  of  Works. 

The  Architectural  Council  appointed  George  W.  Kelham,  of  San 
Francisco,  chief  of  architecture,  and  assigned  to  each  of  its  members, 
and  to  certain  other  architects  of  note,  a  particular  portion  of  the 
work. 

The  architects,  with  the  work  for  which  they  are  responsible,  are 
enumerated  below: 

W.  B.  Faville,  of  San  Francisco — Exterior  wall  of  the  "main 
group"  of  palaces,  with  its  entire  architectural  decoration. 

Clarence  R.  Ward,  of  San  Francisco — Palace  of  Machinery. 

George  W.   Kelham,  of  San  Francisco — Court  of  Palms  and  Court 
of  Flowers. 
—  Carrere  &  Hastings,  of  New  York — Tower  of  Jewels. 

McKim,   Mead  &  White,  of  New  York — Court  ^f  the  Universe. 

Henry  Bacon,  of  New  York — Court  of  the  Four  Seasons. 

Louis  Christian  Mullgardt,  of  San  Francisco— Court  of  Abundance. 
-Robert  D.  Farquhar,  of  Los  Angeles — Festival  Hall. 

Bakewell  &  Brown,  of  San  Francisco — Palace  of  Horticulture. 

B.   R.   Maybeck,  of  San   Francisco — Palace  of  Fine  Arts. 

MATERIALS 

The  soft  tone  of  the  Exposition  palaces  and  their  substantial 
appearance  is  supplied  by  the  use  of  a  specially  prepared  material 
that  simulates  the  travertine  marble  of  which  many  of  the  structures 
of  ancient  Rome  were  built.  The  artificial  travertine  was  perfected 
for  the  Exposition's  use  by  Paul  E.  Denivelle.  The  material  has 
never  before  been  used  extensively  in  this  form,  though  a  portion 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Terminal  in  New  York  City  is  of  a  somewhat 
similar  substance. 

The  simulation  of  travertine  is  composed  of  fibre  and  a  gypsum 
product  mined  in  Nevada.  The  coloring,  which  is  similar  to  old- 
ivory,  is  supplied  by  special  formulae.  The  dull  tone  is  easy  on  the 
eyes,  even  in  the  most  glaring  sunshine;  a  distinct  departure  from 
the  vast  white  wall-spaces  of  previous  expositions. 

All  of  the  Exposition  buildings  with  the  exception  of  the  frames 
of  the  Tower  of  Jewels,  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts  and  the  Palace  of 

20 


Horticulture  dome  are  of  wood,  more  than  70,000,000  feet  of  lumber 
having  been   used  in   their  erection. 
The  three  structures  enumerated  are  of  steel. 

THE  EXPOSITION  SCULPTURE 

The  sculpture  is  the  real  key  to  the  spirit^  of  this  Exposition.  It 
symbolizes  the  achievement  and  tells  the'  story  of  the  great  triumph  of 
the  United  States,  and  the  devotion  of  those  who  toil,  which  has 
made  possible  the  completion  of  the  Panama  Canal  after  more  than 
fifty  years  of  unavailing  effort. 

Sculpture  is  the  most  important  of  arts  to  an  Exposition.  Archi 
tecture,  without  it  would  be  cold  and  without  appeal;  color  have  no 
lovely  shapes  on  which  to  rest. 

The  work  represents  the  last  word  in  Exposition  sculpture.  It 
is  remarkable  for  the  evidence  it  gives  of  increasing  development 
in  the  art  as  contrasted  with  the  looser  work  of  former  expositions. 
Never  before  have  sculptors  anywhere,  so  completely  played  their 
most  important  roles  in  the  ensemble  setting  that  constitutes  our 
Exposition  visually.  On  arches  and  columns,  in  niches,  fountains 
and  free  standing  groups,  they  sing  of  many  themes,  always  in 
harmony,  but  with  no  loss  of  character  or  individuality. 

The  heart  of  the  symbolic  significance  of  the  sculpture  is  centered 
in  the  motifs  that  have  been  treated  in  the  central  axis  of  the  plan 
of  the  Exposition  from  south  to  north,  from  the  main  Scott  street 
entrance,  to  the  bay.  The  "Fountain  of  Energy" — a  joyous  aquatic 
triumph,  celebrating  the  completion  of  the  Panama  Canal — first  greets 
the  visitor  in  the  center  of  the  South  Gardens.  Passing  this,  on  each 
side  of  the  great  archway  of  the  Tower  of  Jewels,  are  stationed  the 
equestrian  statues  of  "Pizarro"  and  "Cortez."  Within  the  colonnades 
at  each  end  are  the  mural  fountains  "Youth,"  by  Edith  Woodman 
Burroughs  in  the  east,  and  "El  Dorado,"  by  Mrs.  Harry  Payne  Whit 
ney,  on  the  west.  Arriving  within  the  Court  of  the  Universe,  which 
is  of  any  one  place  the  best  to  obtain  a  general  conception  of  the 
scope  of  the  sculpture,  we  realize  that  here  enclosed  by  the  sweeping 
starcapped  colonnade  is  the  arena  of  universal  themes;  the  titani^ 
Elements  slumber  on  the  terrace  wall;  the  lighter  themes  of  Musir 
and  Dance  decorate  positions  in  front  of  the  Triumphal  arches  o{ 
the  Rising  and  Setting  Sun,  themselves  richly  loaded  with  delicate 
relief  sculpture  of  great  beauty,  they  form  magnificent  piles  crowned 
by  the  distinguished  groups  of  the  "Nations  of  the  East"  and  "Na 
tions  of  the  West"  here  brought  face  to  face.  Before  them  in  the 
Sunken  Garden  the  handsome  architectural  fountains  of  the  two  suns 
play.  At  the  north  entrance,  a  colossal  sentinel,  stands  the  "Col 
umn  of  Progress,"  symbolizing  progressive  human  effort,  balanced  at 
the  end  of  the  south  vista  by  the  "Fountain  of  Energy"  joyously 
proclaiming  the  triumph  of  the  monument — the  Achievement  of  the 
Canal. 

Sculpture,  like  music,  embodies  a  mood.  The  fountains,  of  which 
there  are  nine,  may  be  described  in  a  word  as  follows: 

1.  Fountain   of   Energy:   Joyous. 

2.  Fountain    of    Life:    Dramatic. 

3   and  4.     Fountains   of   Rising  and    Setting  Sun:    Architectonic 

5.  Fountain    of    Youth:    Naive. 

6.  Fountain  of  El   Dorado:   Realistic. 

7.  Fountain  of  Ceres:   Classic. 

8.  Fountains  of  Four  Seasons:  Pastoral. 

9.  Fountain  of  Beauty  and  the  Beast;  Playful. 

21 


"The  Setting  Sun" 

Figure  at  top  of  Fountain  of  the  Setting  Sun  in  Court  of  the  Universe 


The  small  models  for  the  Exposition  sculpture  were  executed  mostly 
in  New  York.  The  enlargements  to  the  size  desired,  were  made  in 
the  sculpture  studios  on  the  grounds  by  means  of  a  pointing  device 
perfected  by  one  of  the  sculptors,  Robert  Paine.  Upwards  of  five 
hundred  enlargements  were  made  with  this  apparatus. 


22 


"The  Rising  Sun" 

Figure  at  top  of  Fountain  of  Rising  Sun  in  Court  of  the  Universe 

Forty-two  sculptors  in  all  have  contributed  to  the  Exposition.  The 
list  of  artists  with  their  work  and  the  location  of  each  is  printed  below. 
Description  of  the  sculpture  will  be  found  under  the  heading  "Palaces 
and  Courts"  in  this  Guide,  where  each  work  is  treated  in  relation  to 
its  position. 

FOR  COMPLETE  INTERPRETATION  OF  THE  SCULPTURE 
AND  MURAL  PAINTINGS  SEE  "OFFICIAL  SCULPTURE 
BOOK,"  BY  STELLA  G.  S.  PERRY,  FOR  SALE  ABOUT  THE 
GROUNDS  AND  ELSEWHERE. 

23 


LIST  OF  SCULPTURES 
South  Gardens: 

Fountain   of   Energy    (center)         .....................  ........  A.    Stirli        Calder 

The   Mermaid      (fountains    in   long   pools)    .....................  Arthur   Putnam 

Equestrian    Statue    "Cortez" 


Equestrian  Statue  of  "Pizarro"   .................  '.  /...V'.VCtortc        Rumsey 

Horticultural  Building: 

Frieze  at  Base  of  Spires    ................................  Eurene  Louis   Boutier 

Pairs  of  Caryatides    ............  ,  ...............................  John    Bateman 

Tower  of  Jewels: 

Statues  of   "Priest,"   "Soldier,"   "Philosopher"   and   "Adventurer".  John    Flanagan 
The  Armored  Horseman   (Terrace  of  Tower)    ..................  F.  M.  L.  Tonetti 

Tower  of  Colonnades: 

Fountain  of  Youth   (east  end)    .............  .  ........  Edith  Woodman   Burroughs 

Fountain  of  El  Dorado  (west  end)    ..................  Mrs.  Harry  Payne  Whitney 

Festival  Hall: 

Figure  crowning  minor  domes    ..................................  Sherry  E.  Fry 

Two  groups  in  front  of  Pylons    .................................  Sherry  E!  Fry 

Cartouche  over  entrance   (figures  only)    .........................  '  Sherry  E!  Fry 

Reclining  figures  on  Pylons   .....................................  Sherry  E.  Fry 

Court  of  Palms: 

Equestrian  statue,  "The  End  of  the  Trail."  at  entrance  .........  James  Earl  Fraser 

The  Fairy   (Italian  Towers  —  Palms  and  Flowers)    ...................  Carl  Gruppe 

Caryatides    .....................................  John   Bateman   and  Mr    Calder 

Spandrels    ................................................  '.  .    Albert    Weinert 

Court  of  Flowers: 

Equestrian  statue,  "The  Pioneer"   ...............................  Solon  Borglum 

Lions    (at  entrances)    ..........................................  Albert    Laesslie 

The   Fairy   (above   Italian  Towers)    ................................  Carl   Gruppe 

Central  Fountain,   "Beauty  and  the  Beast"    .......................  Edgar  Walter 

Flower  Girls   (in  niches)    ..................................  .  .A.   Stirling  Calder 

Court  of  Abundance: 

Group  on  altar  in  main  tower    ..................................  Chester  Beach 

Group  at  base   of  altar    .........................................  Chester  Beach 

Group  on  top    of   cascade    ......................................  Chester  Beach 

Group  at  column  base  and  finials  (foot  of  cascades)    .................  Leo  lentelli 

Fountain  of  the  Earth    (central  pool)  ..........................  Robert  I.       itken 

Figures  on  top  of  Arcade  ......................................  Albert  Weinert 

Aquatic  Life   (north  extension)    .................................  Sherry  E.   Fry 

Court  of  the  Universe: 

Nations  of  the  _East;    Nations  of  the  West    ............................... 

.....  A.   Stirling  Calder,  Leo  Lentelli  and  Frederick  G.   R.  Roth,  collaborators 

Statues  on  columns    (eastern  and  western  arches)    ..................  Leo  Lentelli 

Spandrels,  Pegasus   .......................................  Frederick  G.  R.   Roth 

Medallion     ......................................................     B.    Bufano 

Medallion    .................................................  A.    Stirling  Calder 

The  Stars   (colonnades)    .....................................  A.   Stirling  Gilder 

Frieze  on  corner  pavilions,  "Signs  of  the  Zodiac"  ...........  Herman  A.    MacNeil 

Two  fountains,  "Rising  Sun"  and  "Setting  Sun"   ............  Adolph  A.  Weinman 

Four  reclining  figures,  "The  Elements"    .......................  Robert  I.    Aitken 

Four  groups    .................................................    Paul   Manship 

Plaza  Front  of  Machinery  Palace: 

Monument,  "Genius  of  Creation"   .................  .......  Daniel  Chester  French 

Court  of  Four  Seasons: 

Four   groups   representing  "The   Seasons"    .......................  Furio   Piccirilli 

"The  Harvest"   (above  the  half  dome)    ...........................  Albert  Jaegers 

"Rain"  and  "Sunshine"   (figures  on  columns)    ....................  Albert  Jaegers 

Groups,  "Feast  of  Sacrifice,"  on  pylons  in  forecourt  ...............  Albert  Jaegers 

Fountain,    "Ceres"    ..................................  Evelyn   Beatrice   Longman 

Spandrels    (arcade)     ...........................................  August    Jaegers 

Attic   figures    .................................................  August   Jaegers 

Varied  Industries  Palace: 

Tympanum  group   .............................................  Ralph  Stackpole 

Secondary  group,  doorway    ....................................  Ralph   Stackpole 

Figure  for  niches,  doorway  (man  with  the  pick)    ................  Ralph  Stackpole 

Figure  for  keystone   .........................................  Ralph  Stackpole 

Figure  for  niches,  east  facade,  this  palace   ......................  Albert  Weinert 

24 


r 


West  Wall  of  Palaces  (Facing  Fine  Arts): 

Motifs  for  wall  niches   ("Triumph  of  the  Field  and  Abundance") 

Charles  R.  Harley 

Figures   on   columns    (flanking   half   dome)    of   "Philosophy"   and  of   "Physical 

Vigor" Ralph  Stackpole 

Palace  of  Fine  Arts: 

Figures  on  column,  interior  of  rotunda , . . .  .Herbert  Adams 

Figures  in  attic,  rotunda Ulric  H.  Ellerhusen 

Frieze  on  altar   * Bruno  Louis  Zimm 

Relief  panels  for  rotunda Bruno  Louis  Zimm 

Friezes  around  base  on  ground Ulric  H.  Ellerhusen 

Figures  on  flower  boxes Ulric  H.  Ellerhusen 

Kneeling  figure  on  altar   Ralph  Stackpole 

North  Facade,  Main  Group  of  Exhibit  Palaces: 

Figure  for  central  niches,  "Conquistador"    Allen  Newman 

Figure  for  side  niches,  "The  Pirate"   Allen  Newman 

Column  of  Progress: 

Bas  relief   (four  sides  of  pedestal)    Isidore  Konti 

Finial  group,  "Adventurous  Archer,"  frieze  and  decoration. ..  .Herman  A.  MacNeil 

Palace  of  Machinery: 

Figures  on  columns  (Four  "Powers")    Haig  Patigian 

Eagles C.  H.  Humphries 

Friezes  for  columns,  vestibule   Haig  Patigian 

Spandrels   (two  pair) Haig  Patigian 

Repeated  figure  within  Half  Dome  of  Philosophy   Albert  Weinert 

Repeated  figure  within  Half  Dome  of  Physical   Vigor Earl  Cummings 

Friezes  and  figures  in  niches,  main  south  entrance   (portals,  Manufactures  and 

Liberal  Arts  Palaces)    Mahonori  Young 

Tympanum  panels  (west  and  south  entrances  Palace  of  Education) .  Gustave  Garlach 

Panels  inlaid   in  walls  over   minor  entrances    

Pupils  of  School  of  Sculpture  of  Society  Beaux  Arts,  Architects  and  Na 
tional  Sculpture  Society. 
"Victory,"  figure  on  gables  of  palaces Louis  Ulrick 

THE  COLOR  SCHEME 

The  Panama-Pacific  is  the  first  Exposition  at  which  a  definite  and 
comprehensive  color  scheme  has  been  employed.  It  has  been  utilized, 
too,  with  such  success  as  to  be  recognized  as  one  of  the  principal 
distinguishing  features  of  the  Exposition.  Jules  Guerin,  the  famous 
illustrator  and  colorist,  made  the  selection  of  colors  to  harmonize 
with  the  Exposition  -setting  on  the  shores  of  San  Francisco  Bay,  and 
supervised  their  application  to  every  detail  of  the  Exposition,  from 
the  tops  of  the  domes  to  the  uniforms  of  the  Exposition  guards. 

The  color  ground  of  all  building  surfaces  is  that  of  the  simulation 
of  travertine  marble  of  which  they  are  composed.  On  this  has 
been  applied  the  series  of  colors  for  decorative  effect  in  the  following 
general  manner: 

Pompeiian  red  predominates  for  flat  walls. 

Cerulean  blue  has  been  used  frequently  on  the  ceilings  of  vaults 
and  in  recesses. 

A  deep  gold  and  a  blue-green  have  been  used  for  picking  out  various 
features  of  ornamentation. 

The  domes  generally  are  a  Nile  or  Turquoise  green,  with  burnt 
orange  for  the  smaller  domes. 

A  terra  cotta  gold  tone  has  been  used  extensively  for  the  statuary, 
also  in  enriched  backgrounds  of  ornament. 

The  flag  poles  are  an  orange-pink. 

The  lattices  and  woodwork  and  the  benches  about  the  gounds 
are  French  green. 

In  addition  to  these  colors  numerous  similar  tones  and  modified 
tints  have  been  used. 

The  Official  Exposition  Colors  are  those  used  in  the  flags  and 
streamers.  They  are:  Cerulean  Blue,  Pastel  Red,  and  Burnt  Orange, 
with  Red  and  Orange  predominating. 

25 


THE  MURAL  PAINTINGS 

The  Exposition  marks  a  triumph  in  exterior  decorative  effects,  par 
ticularly  in  the  character  and  placing  of  the  mural  paintings  which 
adorn  the  courts  and  palaces. 

In  addition  to  the  most  celebrated  painters  of  America,  Frank 
Brangwyn,  doubtless  the  most  famous  mural  painter  of  England,  is 
represented.  Dodge  and  Robert  Reid  have  won  French  medals; 
Hassam,  Reed  and  Simmons  are  of  the  "Ten  American  Painters"  who 
seceded  from  the  Academy  and  formed  a  society  of  their  own.  The 
other  painters,  all  of  whom  have  won  numerous  honors,  are  Frank 
DuMond,  William  DeLeftwich  Dodge,  Charles  Holloway,  Milton 
Bancroft,  Arthur  Matthews. 

A  list  of  the  mural  paintings  with  their  location  follows.  Interpre 
tations  of  the  paintings  will  be  found  under  "Palaces  and  Courts"  in 
this  Guide,  AND  MORE  IN  DETAIL  IN  THE  "OFFICIAL 
SCULPTURE  BOOK,"  BY  STELLA  G.  S.  PERRY,  SOLD  ON 
THE  GROUNDS  AND  ELSEWHERE. 
Court  of  Abundance: 

Earth,  Air,   Fire  and  Water   (two  of  each)    Frank  Brangwyn 

Court  of  the  Four  Seasons: 

Spring,   Summer,  Autumn,  Winter   (two  of  each) H.  Milton  Bancroft 

Man  Receiving  Instruction  in  Nature's  Laws   H.  Milton  Bancroft 

Court  of  the  Universe: 

Arch  of  the  Rising  Sun:  The  nations  that  have  crossed  the  Atlantic,  and  in 
the  opposite  panel  the  hopes  and  inspirations  that  led  the  adventurers  on 
Edward  Simmons 

Arch  of  the  Setting  Sun: 

The  Departure  from  the  Atlantic    Frank  V.   DuMond 

The  Arrival  on  the  Pacific Frank  V.  DuMond 

Tower  of  Jewels: 

Six  panels  depicting  aliegorically  the  history  and  construction   of  the  Panama 

Canal    : Wm.   De  Leftwich  Dodge 

Court  of  Palms: 

Fruits  and  Flowers    Childe   Hassam 

The  Pursuit  of  Pleasure   Charles  Holloway 

The  Victory  of  Culture  and  the  Humanities  over  Brute  Force.  ..  .Arthur  Mathews 

Palace  of  Fine  Arts  Rotunda: 

The  Four  Golds  of  California  (four  panels)    Robert  Reid 

The  Birth  of  European  Art    Robert  Reid 

The  Birth  of  Oriental   Art    Robert  Reid 

Tdeals    in    Art    Robert  Reid 

Inspirations  of  all  Art    Robert  Reid 

THE   MAIN    GARDENS 

The  Exposition  gardens  cover  approximately  80  acres. 

Prior  to  the  commencement  of  the  Exposition  work  practically  all 
of  this  area  was  a  waste  expanse  of  marsh  and  water.  Atop  of  the 
fill  of  silt  from  the  bottom  of  the  bay  was  placed  50,000  cubic  yards 
of  loam  and  16.000  cubic  yards  of  fertilizer.  The  total  cost  of  prepara 
tion  of  the  gardens  and  the  actual  performance  of  the  landscape  work 
in  planting  trees,  shrubs,  flowers,  etc.,  was  approximately  $500,000. 

The  duration  of  the  Exposition  from  winter  to  winter  made  neces 
sary  the  use  of  evergreen  trees  and  shrubs  throughout.  In  addition 
a  series  of  plantings  of  various  flowers  will  keep  the  gardens  in 
continuous  bloom  through  the  Exposition  year.  Owing  to  varying 
atmospheric  and  thermal  conditions  in  various  parts  of  the  grounds 
flora  from  widely  separated  parts  of  the  world  have  been  made  use  of. 

The  landscape  treatment  is  generally  the  same  along  the  outside 
walls  of  all  of  the  buildings  of  the  main  group.  Here  are  to  be  found 
the  hundreds  of  cypress  and  eucalyptus  trees  varying  in  height  from 
30  to  60  feet.  Most  of  these  trees  vrere  brought  from  the  Presidio  and 

27 


Golden  Gate  Park.     They  comprise  the  largest  quantity  of  evergreens 
ever  transplanted. 

Against  the  south  walls  of  the  buildings  eucalyptus  globulus  or  blue 
gum  has  been  used.  The  larger  trees  are  banked  up  with  smaller 
varieties.  In  front  of  these  are  banks  of  yellow  flowering  acacias, 
spring-flowering  shrubs  and  pansies,  to  be  followed,  later  in  the  year 
by  flowering  perennials  and  by  dahlias  and  chrysanthemum. 

Each  of  the  Courts  has  its  distinctive  gardening  scheme.  (See  "Pal 
aces  and  Courts.") 
How  the  Trees  Were  Moved 

In  boxing  the  large  trees  that  ornament  the  grounds,  the  following 
method  was  used:  The  trees  were  side-boxed  after  the  side  roots  had 
been  cut.  Three  inches  of  space  was  allowed  between  the  root-ball 
and  the  sides  of  the  box,  the  space  being  secured  by  good  surface  soil, 
so  as  to  start  side-root  action.  The  plants  were  mulched  and  watered 
for  a  period  of  from  four  to  six  months  when  the  down  roots  were 
cut  and  the  bottoms  of  the  boxes  put  on.  The  method  proved  very 
successful,  none  of  the  palms  or  large  trees  having  been  injured  in 
transplanting. 

EXHIBIT   GARDENS 

In  addition  to  the  Exposition  gardens  proper  there  are  numerous 
other  important  gardens  about  the  grounds.  Many  of  the  state  and 
foreign  commissions  imported  native  flora  to  the  Exposition  for  the 
gardens  surrounding  their  respective  buildings,  notable  among  them 
being  the  Chinese  and  Japanese  Gardens. 

Within    the    Baker   Street   gate,    on   the    east,   are    the    horticultural 
department's  exhibit  gardens,  about  eight  acres  in  extent.     They  in 
clude: 
The  Netherlands  Garden  . 

In  the  Holland  garden  (first  to  the  east)  the  60,000  bulbs  of  hya 
cinths,  tulips,  narcissus  and  daffodils  of  the  spring  show  will  be  re 
placed  by  gladioli,  begonias,  and  dahlias,  which  bloom  until  the  close 
of  the  Exposition. 

The  flowering  shrubs  on  display  here  include  rhododendrons  in  a 
great  variety  of  colors,  from  the  palest  shade  of  the  "Pink  Pearl"  to 
the  rich  wine  red  of  a  newly  created  sort;  "Kalmea"  with  glossy 
foliage  much  like  that  of  the  rhododendron  but  blossoming  in  clus 
ters  of  small  bells;  Japanese  maples  of  several  sorts,  with  deep  red 
foliage,  and  golden  alder,  with  yellow  leaves,  and  decorative  shrubbery, 
some  of  which  has  been  shaped  to  standard  patterns — a  development 
of  the  trellis  idea  new  to  us.  Here  also  box  and  yews,  clipped  to  re 
semble  birds,  bottles,  spirals,  interlaced  hoops  and  the  like.  Airie  van 
Vliet,  the  government  expert  in  charge,  or  one  of  his  assistants,  will 
answer  questions  and  explain  to  interested  visitors  horticultural  meth 
ods  in  which  the  Netherlands  excel. 

Rose  Garden 

There  are  about  a  hundred  entrants  in  the  rose  contest,  in  which 
a  prize   of  $1,000  will   be   awarded   for  the   best  new  unnamed   rose 
shown.     The  plot  containing  the  roses  is  bordered  with  annuals. 
California  Garden 

In  the  California  garden  are  dahlias,  roses,  gladiolus,  pinks  and  the 
famous  winter-flowering  sweet  pea  exhibited  by  Antone  Zvolenak,  who 
originated  it.  Also  specimens  of  the  many  species  of  evergreens  native 
to  the  state — firs,  spruces,  cedars  and  redwoods. 

28 


Miscellaneous   Garden 

The  miscellaneous  garden  has  a  collection  of  cannas,  gladioli  exhibits 
by  the  world's  largest  growers,  and  others;  dahlias  and  a  collection  of 
rare  irises,  including  166  varieties  from  Pennsylvania. 
Massachusetts  Garden 

The  Massachusetts  garden  has  an  excellent  exhibit  of  conifers,  phlox, 
dahlias  and  perennials. 
The  Forbidden  Garden 

In  the  patio  of  the  California  building  is  a  copy  of  the  so-called 
"Forbidden  Garden,"  plot  for  plot  and  plant  for  plant  as  the  original 
stands  today  in  the  Mission  Santa  Barbara,  many  of  the  vines,  flow 
ers,  grasses  and  palms  therein  having  come  from  Spain  in  the  early 
clays  of  California.  The  rule  forbidding  women  to  enter  the  garden  at 
Santa  Barbara  has  never  been  broken  except  in  two  instances,  one 
of  these  being  the  occasion  on  which  Mrs.  William  McKinley  was  a 
guest. 

The  Exposition  garden  is  lighted  with  old-fashioned  lanterns,  and 
the  cypress  hedge  which  encloses  it  is  a  landmark  of  early  San  Fran 
cisco,  being  part  of  the  hedge  which  belonged  to  Harbor  View  Baths. 

ILLUMINATION  OF  THE  EXPOSITION 

The  illumination  of  the  Exposition  marks  an  epoch  in  the  science 
of  lighting  and  the  art  of  luminous  coloring.  Most  of  the  effects  are 
new,  not  alone  to  Expositions,  but  to  the  world. 

The  cost  of  the  illumination  is  approximately  $500  a  night. 

The  system  is  composed  of  900  magnetite  arc  lamps,  347  searchlights, 
250  incandescent  projectors  for  flag  lighting,  200  projectors  of  the 
locomotive  headlight  type  for  illuminating  the  statuary,  250  high- 
pressure  gas  arc  lamps  for  the  streets  of  the  state  and  foreign  sec 
tion  and  about  30,000  incandescent  bulbs,  concealed.  There  are  nearly 
700  searchlight  mirrors  used  in  the  illuminations,  all  of  Bausch  & 
Lomb  manufacture,  including  forty-eight  36-inch  lights  in  the  "Scin- 
tillator1'  on  the  yacht1  harbor.  This  constitutes  the  greatest  aggregation 
of  such  apparatus  ever  assembled. 

The  fundamental  feature  of  the  illumination  system  consists  pri 
marily  in  the  use  of  masked  or  concealed  sources  for  all  lights.  "Flood 
lighting"  predominates. 

The  palaces  are  lined  with  ornamental  arc-light  standards  hung 
with  banners  that  reflect  the  light  against  the  walls  of  the  buildings. 
The  banners  along  the  main  avenues  were  designed  from  the  coats 
of  arms  of  the  Spanish  conquistadors  and  explorers. 

All  of  the  courts  and  the  palaces  that  are  separated  from  the  main 
group  have  distinct  illuminative  features. 

The  glare  of  the  Zone  with  its  festive  atmosphere  on  the  one  hand 
and  the  soft  flood  of  light  that  pervades  the  central  portion  of  the 
grounds  affords  an  opportunity  to  contrast  the  old  methods  of  light 
ing  with  the  novel  achievements  of  the  Exposition's  illumination  de 
partment. 

In  the  Court  of  Abundance,  all  is  radiant  energy  and  mystery  in 
keeping  with  the  architectural  and  sculptural  symbolism. 

In  the  Court  of  the  Universe  the  illumination  supplements  the  dig 
nity  and  grandeur  of  the  scene.  The  main  area  of  the  court  (450,000 
square  feet)  is  illuminated  principally  by  the  two  electric  fountains— 
The  Fountain  of  the  Rising  Sun  and  the  Fountain  of  the  Setting  Sun. 
Their  combined  spherical  candle-power  is  500,000,  yet  there  is  no  dis 
agreeable  glare. 

29 


In  the  Court  of  Four  Seasons  the  quiet  illumination  is  in  perfect 
harmony  with  the  classic  architecture,  while  the  placid  central  pool 
catches  the  reflections  of  the  softly  illumined  archways  and  collonades. 

The  great  glass  dome  of  the  Palace  of  Horticulture  is  illumined  from 
within  by  a  battery  of  colored  searchlights.  When  the  moving  lights 
are  in  operation  the  effect  is  opalescent. 

The  Tower  of  Jewels  is  the  focus  of  the  rays  of  searchlights  from 
all  directions.  The  light  is  caught  and  flashed  back  by  the  myriads  of 
jewels  with  which  the  tower  is  hung.  (See  Tower  of  Jewels  under 
"Palaces  and  Courts.") 

The  illumination  of  the  grounds  commences  about  six  thirty  in  the 
evening  (or  later  as  the  days  get  longer)  and  continues  until  the 
Exposition  closes  for  the  night.  Three  nights  a  week  there  is  a  special 
showing  of  fireworks  on  the  Marina  in  conjunction  with  the  scintillator, 
the  combined  searchlights  having  3,600,000,000  candle-power.  Alto 
gether  the  light  supplied  by  the  Exposition  system  would  be  sufficient 
for  a  city  of  200,000  population. 

The  fireworks  furnished  to  the  Exposition  are  Pacific  Coast  products, 
being  manufactured  by  the  Hitt  Fireworks  Co.,  Inc.,  of  Seattle,  Wash. 

Three  hundred  steel  mortars  to  shoot  the  bombs  in  the  air  are 
buried  in  sand  behind  heavy  timbers.  These  mortars  range  from  twelve 
inches  to  three  and  a  half  feet  in  circumference.  The  Exposition  has 
taken  every  precaution  to  ensure  safety.  That  these  precautions  are 
necessary  may  be  realized  when  it  is  remembered  that  in  the  final 
Zone  salvo  of  a  fireworks  display  over  half  a  ton  of  explosives  are 
shot  into  the  air,  producing  a  series  of  detonations  never  before 
equalled  in  times  of  peace. 

Programs  for  special  illumination  and  fireworks  demonstrations  will 
be  found  in  the  Daily  Official  Program. 

THE  INSCRIPTIONS 

The  twenty-two  inscriptions  on  the  monuments  and  buildings  of  the 
Exposition  are  divided  into  three  groups  as  follows:  Group  1. — The 
Tower  of  Jewels  (8  panels).  Group  2. — The  Court  of  the  Universe, 
Arch  of  the  Rising  Sun  (6  panels),  Arch  of  the  Setting  Sun  (6  panels). 
Group  3. — The  Court  of  the  Four  Seasons  (6  panels.) 

The  inscriptions  in  Group  1  commemorate  the  following  events: 
The  discovery  of  Panama  by  Bastides,  the  discovery  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean  by  Balboa,  the  beginning  of  the  Panama  Canal  by  the  United 
States,  the  opening  of  the  Panama  Canal,  the  discovery  of  California 
by  Cabrillo,  the  foundation  of  the  Mission  of  San  Francisco  de  Asis 
(Mission  Dolores),  the  Conquest  of  California  by  the  United  States, 
and  the  admission  of  California  into  the  Union. 

The  inscriptions  in  Group  2  are  representative  of  the  nations  of  the 
Orient  and  the  Occident.  The  authors  chosen  to  represent  the  various 
nations  are  as  follows:  America,  Walt  Whitman;  England,  Shakes 
peare;  Spain,  Cervantes;  Germany,  Goethe;  France,  Pascal;  Italy, 
Dante;  India,  Kalidasa;  China,  Confucius;  Japan,  Hitomaro;  Persia, 
Firdausi;  Arabia,  Zuhayr;  Siam,  Phra  Ruang. 

The  inscriptions  in  Group  3  relate — as  suitable  to  their  place  in  the 
Court  of  the  Four  Seasons — to  Nature,  and  are  drawn  from  the  works 
of  Spenser  and  Sterling. 

The  selection  of  the  inscriptions  is  the  work  of  Porter  Garnett,  of 
the  University  of  California.  (See  "Palaces  and  Courts"  for  text  of  in 
scriptions.) 

30 


Palaces  and  Courts 

A  TRIP  THROUGH  THE  GROUNDS 

The  various  palaces  and  courts  are  here  given  in  a  definite  sequence 
as  though  the  visitor  were  being  conducted  through  the  grounds  in 
person.  Reference  to  the  map  under  the  front  cover  will  give  their 
relative  locations  and  make  clear  the  route  followed  in  this  "trip." 

With  each  palace  and  court,  or  division  of  the  grounds,  the  follow 
ing  subjects  are  treated:  General  information,  architecture,  sculpture, 
mural  paintings,  and  gardens.  (See  also,  General  Description  of  the 
Exposition.)  With  each  palace  is  given  an  outline  of  the  character  of 
exhibits  displayed  within. 


The  North  Sea 

Detail  of  Fountain  of  Energy 

The  main  group  of  palaces,  comprising  the  "walled  city"  is  enclosed 
by  the  Avenue  of  Palms  on  the  South,  the  Esplanade  on  the  north, 
the  Avenue  of  Progress,  on  the  east  and  Administration  Avenue,  on 
the  west. 

The  eight  palaces  of  this  group  are  as  follows:  Varied  Industries, 
Manufactures,  Liberal  Arts  and  Social  Economy  and  Education  (from 
east  to  west  along  the  Avenue  of  Palms.) 

Mines  and  Metallurgy,  Transportation,  Agriculture  and  Food  Pro 
ducts  (from  east  to  west  along  the  Esplanade.) 

To  the  east  of  the  main  group  is  the  Palace  of  Machinery;  to  the 
west,  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts;  to  the  south,  the  Palace  of  Horticul 
ture  and  Festival  Hall 

FOR  COMPLETE  INTERPRETATION  OF  THE  SCULPTURE 
AND  MURAL  PAINTINGS  SEE  "OFFICIAL  SCULPTURE 
BOOK,"  BY  STELLA  G.  S.  PERRY,  FOR  SALE  ABOUT  THE 
GROUNDS  AND  ELSEWHERE. 

31 


Marking  the  center  of  the  south  line  of  the  palaces  is  the  Tower  of 
Jewels. 

Entrances  will  be  found  on  each  side  of  all  palaces. 

The  Courts  are  between  the  buildings. 

On  entering  the  grounds  through  the  main  entrance  at  Scott  Street 
the  first  object  that  meets  the  eye  is  the 

FOUNTAIN  OF  ENERGY 

This  fountain  by  A.  Stirling  Calder,  acting  chief  of  the  Exposition 
sculpture,  typifies  the  whole  spirit  of  the  Exposition  and  expresses, 
allegorically  the  triumph  of  the  Victor  of  the  Isthmian  Way. 

The  sphere  of  the  earth,  supported  in  the  water  by  sea  monsters 
is  the  pedestal  of  the  Victor.  About  it  in  rotary  movement  are 
grouped  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  the  Pacific  Ocean,  the  North  Sea  and  the 
South  Sea,  expressed  by  mermen  or  mermaids  riding  on  appropriate 
sea  creatures. 

Across  the  upper  portions  of  the  sphere  stretch  slumberous  Titans 
representing  the  Western  Hemisphere  and  the  Eastern  Hemisphere. 
Above  them  is  a  frieze  of  flying  fish  spouting  sheets  of  water. 

Surmounting  all,  Energy  the  Victor  advances,  standing  in  his  stir 
rups.  Springing  from  his  shoulders  are  winged  Fame  and  Valor,  with 
trumpets. 

THE  TOWER  OF  JEWELS 

Marking  the  main  entrance  to  the  "walled  city"  of  Exposition  pal 
aces  is  the  Tower  of  Jewels,  the  most  conspicuous  feature  of  the 
Exposition  picture. 

With  its  unique  arrangement  of  successive  stages,  one  above  the 
other,  the  Tower  cannot  be  said  to  be  even  representative  of  any  single 
architectural  epoch,  but  its  principal  architectural  features  ure  the 
Roman  arch  and  the  successive  tiers  of  Corinthian  and  Doric  columns. 
Atop  of  the  tower  is  a  large  single  column  bearing  four  sculptured 
Atlases  which  support  a  sphere,  17  feet  in  diameter. 

The  following  are  the  principal  dimensions  of  the  tower: 

Height:  435  feet,  or  the  equivalent  of  a  thirty-seven  story  building 
of  standard  construction. 

Base:    125  feet  square. 

Height  of  arch:    120  feet. 

Width  of  arch:   60  feet. 

Construction:  Fourteen  hundred  tons  of  steel  and  more  than  1,000,- 
000  feet  of  lumber  were  used. 

On  a  hot  day  the  Tower  is  higher  than  on  a  cold  day.  With  a  rise 
in  temperature  of  one  hundred  degrees  the  steel  in  the  frame  expands 
so  that  the  height  of  the  structure  is  increased  four  inches. 

The  Tower  is  equipped  with  elevators  for  use  in  case  of  fire  but 
visitors  are  not  permitted  to  make  the  ascension.  The  platform  at  the 
top  is  used  as  a  lookout  by  the  guard  department.  North  of  the 
Tower  is  the  great  Central  Court  of  the  Universe. 

Sculpture  : 

In  front  and  to  the  left  of  the  Tower  is  the  equestrian  statue  of 
Cortez  by  Charles  Niehaus.  Balancing  it  on  the  opposite  side  is  the 
equestrian  of  Pizzaro  by  C.  C.  Rumsey. 

On  top  of  the  columns  are  the  figures  of  the  "Adventurer,"  "The , 
Priest,"    "The    Philosopher"    and    "The    Soldier"    by   John    Flanagan. 
These  figures  are  repeated  on  each  of  the  four  sides  of  the  Tower. 

32 


Repeated  four  times  on  each  side  of  the  first  stage  is  "The  Armored 
Horseman"  by  F.  M.  L.  Tonetti. 

On  either  side  of  the  Tower  are  small  courts  enclosed  by  double 
rows  of  columns  and  containing  sculptured  fountains.  The  "Fountain 
of  Youth"  by  Edith  Woodman  Burroughs  is  on  the  east.  The  vain 
human  search  for  the  fountain  of  y^uth  is  the  subject  of  the  sculpture. 

To  the  west  of  the  Tower  is  the  "Fountain  of  El  Dorado"  by  Mrs. 
Harry  Payne  Whitney.  The  work  portrays  the  search  for  the  "land 
of  gold"  (El  Dorado)  which  led  the  Spanish  conquerors  to  their 
explorations  and  which  led  the  pioneers  across  the  plains.  The  Aztec 
origin  of  the  legend  of  El  Dorado — that  somewhere  there  existed  a 
land  of  gold  whose  king  scattered  jewels  and  gold  broadcast — is 
suggested  by  the  Aztec  dress  of  the  male  and  female  figures,  the 
guardians  of  the  portal  to  El  Dorado. 
Mural  Paintings: 

An  allegorical  presentation  of  the  purpose,  the  progress  and  thv. 
historical  phases  of  the  Panama  Canal  form  the  themes  of  the  paint 
ings  by  William  De  Leftwich  Dodge,  under  the  arch  of  the  Tower 
of  Jewels.  This  position  of  the  paintings  is  intended  to  emphasize  the 
fact  that  the  Exposition  is  held  in  celebration  of  the  comple 
tion  of  the  Canal. 

Each  of  the  paintings  is  divided  into  three  panels.  The  titles  of  the 
two  larger  panels  are  "The  Atlantic  and  Pacific"  (on  the  west)  and 
"The  Gateway  of  All  Nations"  (on  the  east.)  Each  group  of  three 
is  ninety-six  feet  long. 

The  first  panel  on  the  western  side  of  the  arch  is  entitled  "Dis 
covery"  and  represents  Balboa  gazing  on  the  waters  of  the  Pacific, 
while  the  Spirit  of  Adventure  that  led  him  to  the  discovery  hover* 
above  him.  In  the  left  of  the  panel  a  group  of  knights  represents  the 
era  that  preceded  the  age  of  discovery.  In  the  central  background 
is  a  galleon  of  Balboa's  time,  and  in  the  right  of  the  panel  an  Indintj 
crouches  on  ruins  that  symbolize  the  ancient  civilization  of  Central 
America. 

The  rear  of  the  prairie  schooner  is  prophetic  of  the  migrations  that 
are  to  come  as  a  result  of  the  discovery. 

The  central  panel — "The  Atlantic  and  Pacific" — shows  an  idealized 
figure  of  Labor,  standing  at  the  junction  of  the  waters,  joining  the 
hands  of  the  figures  representing  the  two  oceans.  In  the  background 
are  the  fleets  of  the  world  waiting  for  the  opening  of  the  Canal 
passage.  At  the  left  the  ox  team  of  the  pioneers,  who  crossed  the 
Isthmus  and  the  plains  in  earlier  days  suggests  the  contrast  between 
the  old  route  and  the  new. 

On  the  right  are  typical  figures  of  the  Oriental  nations  that  are 
brought  into  closer  relations  with  the  western  world  by  the  com 
pletion  of  the  canal. 

The  right  panel — "The  Purchase" — shows  France  handing  a  scroll 
to  America.  The  Spirit  of  Good  Will  gives  her  benispn  to  the  trans 
action.  On  one  side  the  French  workmen  are  laying  down  their 
tools  while  the  American  toilers  opposite  prepare  to  take  up  the 
work.  Back  of  them  is  the  figure  of  the  West  Indian  negro. 

On  the  eastern  side  of  the  arch  is  "The  Gateway  of  All  Nations." 
showing  Neptune  leading  the  navies  of  the  world  through  the  canal 
The  builders  rest  from  their  labors  while  a  divine  messenger  summons 
mankind  onward  and  Progress  (with  the  torch)  leads  the  way. 

33 


The  panel  on  the  left  shows  "Labor  Crowned."  The  figure  of  Labor 
enthroned  is  crowned  with  a  wreath  by  Achievement,  and  is  acclaimed 
by  the  toilers.  The  soldier  takes  up  his  arms  for  the  defense  of  the 
Canal,  and  other  toilers  are  seen  taking  their  departure. 

The  panel  on  the  right — "Achievement" — shows  the  Intelligence 
that  conceived  the  work  enthroned.  At  the  right  are  the  Sciences  that 
made  the  work  possible.  The  Aborigine  acknowledges  the  benefits 
bestowed  by  civilization. 

Inscriptions:  A  series  of  inscribed  tablets  on  the  Tower  is  used 
to  present  the  principal  historical  events  that  culminated  with  the  com 
pletion  of  the  Panama  Canal  and  the  holding  of  the  Exposition.  The 
inscriptions  on  the  south  side  are  as  follows: 

1501  1904 

Rodrigo    de    Bastides  The   United   States 

Pursuing   his    Course  Succeeding   France 

Beyond  Begins    Operations 

The  West   Indies  on    the 

Discovers  Panama.  Panama   Canal. 

1513  1915 

Vasco   Nunez   De   Balboa  The  Panama  Canal 

Crosses  Is    Opened 

The    Isthmus    of    Panama  To    the    Commerce 

and  Discovers  of 

The  Pacific  Ocean.  The    World 

On  the  North  Side  of  the  Tower: 

1542  1846 

Juan  Rodrigues  Cabrillo  The  United  States 

Discovers  Upon  the  Outbreak  of 

California  War  with  Mexico 

and  Takes  Possession  of 

Lands  on  its  Shore.  California. 

1776  1850 

Jose  Joaquin  Moraga  California 

Founds  Is   Admitted   to 

The   Mission  the  Union 

of  As 

San  Francisco  De  Asis  A  Sovereign  State. 

Illumination.  The  Tower  at  night  supplies  one  of  the  most  mag 
nificent  features  of  the  Exposition's  illumination.  The  colonnades  of 
its  various  stages  are  suffused  by  a  glowing  red  light  from  within, 
while  the  Tower  as  a  whole  is  the  focus  of  searchlights  turned  upon 
it  from  all  directions. 

The  Jewels.  The  Tower  takes  its  name  from  the  profusion  of  jewels 
with  which  it  is  ornamented.  The  jewels  or  "novagems"  as  they 
are  called  are  one  of  the  novel  features  of  the  Exposition  illumina 
tion  system.  More  than  120,000  of  them  clothe  the  tower  and  lend 
a  shimmering  brilliance  to  the  tower  under  the  play  of  searchlight 
rays  at  night.  These  jewels  were  especially  cut  for  the  Exposition  by 
Austrian  peasants  with  whom  the  gemcutter's  art  is  an  hereditary 
craft.  Their  particular  design  was  selected  after  numerous  tests  to 
obtain  a  maximum  of  brilliancy,  and  the  cutting  given  over  to  the 
peasants  by  reason  of  the  Austrians'  expertness  and  the  fact  that  the 
most  suitable  glass  for  the  purpose  was  available  only  in  that  country. 

34 


THE  SOUTH  GARDENS 

Between  the  exhibit  Palaces  and  the  wall  bounding  the  Exposition 
grounds  on  the  south  are  the  South  Gardens,  distinguished  by 
stretches  of  flower  beds,  groups  of  shrubs  and  trees  (that  follow  the 
general  outline  of  the  domed  palaces  at  either  end  of  the  gardens), 
ornate  balustrades  and  rectangular  pools. 

The  flower  beds  will  be  in  continual  bloom  throughout  the  Expo 
sition  period  of  ten  months.  This  effect  is  obtained  through  a  series 
of  plantings.  As  soon  as  one  variety  has  ceased  blooming,  the  plants 
are  removed  and  others  put  in  their  places.  Here  the  yellow  pansies 
have  already  succeeded  the  daffodils  and  tulips. 

At  the  western  end  of  the  South  Gardens  is  the  Palace  of  Horticul 
ture;  at  the  eastern  end  is  Festival  Hall. 


South  Portal  of  Palace  of  Liberal  Arts 
Repeated  on  Palace  of  Manufactures 


Just  within  the  Scott  street  entrance,  on  the  right  and  left  respec 
tively,  are  the  Press  Building  and  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  Building. 

The  fountains  in  the  larger  pools  fronting  these  two  Palaces  are 
topped  by  the  figure  of  "The  Mermaid"  by  Arthur  Putman. 

Avenue  of  Palms.  Separating  the  Palaces  from  the  South  Gardens 
is  the  Avenue  of  Palms.  Terminating  the  western  vista  of  this  ave 
nue  is  the  Cuban  Pavilion  and  terminating  the  eastern  vista  is  the 
Southern  Pacific  Building.  The  Avenue  is  half  a  mile  in  length  and 
is  borded  by  a  double  row  of  Canary  Island  Date  Palms  and  Cali 
fornia  Fan  Palms  alternately  spaced  every  30  feet,  and  all  averaging 
from  18  to  25  feet  in  height.  The  trunks  of  the  Date  Palms  are  planted 
with  hardy  ferns  and  ivy  leaf  geraniums  and  mesembryanthemum. 
Passion  vines  are  also  planted  at  the  base  of  the  Palms. 

35 


Along  the  front  of  the  Palaces  are  eucalyptus  globulus,  or  blue 
gum,  40  to  50  feet  in  height,  banked  with  smaller  varieties  of  euca 
lyptus  and  cypress.  In  front  of  these  are  yellow  flowering  acacias 
and  spring-flowering  shrubs  and  pansies  that  will  be  followed  by 
flowering  perennials  and  other  later  flowering  varieties. 

The  Outside  Wall.  The  great  green  wall  that  marks  the  southern 
boundary  of  the  Exposition,  along  Chestnut  Street,  is  one  of  the  most 
di>tinctive  features  of  the  Exposition  landscape  engineering  It  is  the 
first  effect  of  its  kind  ever  created.  The  wall  is  1150  feet  long  and  20 
feet  high  with  arches  30  feet  in  height  over  the  main  entrance.  The 
wall  is  constructed  of  shallow  boxes  of  growing  "ice  plant"  or  mesem- 
bryanthemum  fastened  to  the  wooden  frame.  The  plants  were  set  out 
in  horizontal  position  until  they  had  attained  a  certain  stage  of  growth 
ai'd  then  placed  on  the  wall  frame.  The  earth  is  held  by  the  roots  of 
the  plants  and  a  covering  of  wire  netting  over  the  boxes. 

PALACE  OF  MANUFACTURES 

The  first  building  to  the  east  of  the  Tower  is  the  Palace  of  Manu 
factures.  The  main  entrance  is  a  Spanish  renaissance  portal,  identi 
cal  with  that  of  the  Palace  of  Liberal  Arts  on  the  west  of  the  Tower. 

Sculpture.  Above  the  doorway  is  a  freize  by  Mahonri  Young,  en- 
ntled  "The  Useful  Arts."  Here  are  shown  workmen  at  the  wheel, 
the  anvil,  the  forge  and  busied  with  various  occupations.  In  the 
niches  are  figures  of  a  woman  with  a  distaff  (spinning)  and  a  laborer 
with  a  sledge,  also  by  Young. 

On  the  gable  above  the  doorway  is  a  winged  figure  of  "Victory"  by 
Louis  Ulrich.  This  figure  is  repeated  on  the  acroteria  (as  the  gable 
platforms  are  called)  of  all  of  the  Palaces  of  the  main  group. 

Exhibits.  The  specific  lines  of  trade  represented  in  this  mammoth 
display  are  manifold,  covering  hundreds  of  industries,  and  including 
net  only  the  goods  one  would  find  in  a  retail  shop,  but  also  every 
tbing  that  goes  into  the  interior  finish  and  decoration  of  public  and 
private  dwellings;  plumbing,  heating,  lighting  and  certain  forms  of 
machinery. 

The  idea  of  utility  controls  in  the  Palace  of  Manufactures,  there 
being  two  great  divisions;  one  inclusive  of  heating,  hardware,  glass 
lighting  and  merchandise  in  woods  and  metals;  in  the  other  clothing 
and  textiles.  Of  the  total  vast  area  embraced  within  the  confines  of 
this  great  structure,  55  per  cent  of  the  floor  space  is  given  over  to  the 
products  of  the  manufacturers  of  the  United  States  and  45  per  cent  to 
those  of  the  foreign  nations.  The  United  States  Exhibits  are  arranged 
in  industrial  groups  while  the  foreign  displays  are  installed  according 
to  nationality.  The  foreign  displays  are  from  France,  Italy,  Japan  and 
Great  Britain. 

THE  COURT  OF  FLOWERS 

Equidistant  from  the  Tower  of  Jewels  on  the  east  and  west  are 
the  two  sets  of  twin  towers,  210  feet  in  height,  resembling  in  mass 
and  general  outline  the  Tower  of  Geralda,  at  Seville,  Spain,  one  of 
the  most  celebrated  towers  in  the  world. 

The  towers  on  the  east  mark  the  location  of  the  Court  of  Flowers. 

The  architecture  of  the  court  proper  is  Italian.  A  colonnade  con 
nects  the  two  towers.  The  colonnade  is  broken  by  three  entrances 
giving  respectively  into  the  Palace  of  Manufactures  on  the  west,  the 
Palace  of  Varied  Industries  on  the  east  and  the  Court  of  Abundance 
•  in  the  north. 

Above  the  colonnade  is  an  arcade. 

36 


Water  Sprite 

By  Leo  Lentelli,  Court  of  Abundance 

"Beauty  and  the  Beast" 

Fountain   by   Edgar   Walter   in   Court   of   Flowers 
37 


The  roof  over  the  arcade  is  of  Spanish  tile  such  as  is  used  along  the 
top  of  all  the  walls  that  enclose  the  "walled  city." 

Back  of  this  court  rises  the  richly  ornamented  square  tower  which 
marks  the  Court  of  Abundance. 

Sculpture.  The  niches  in  the  piers  of  the  arcade  of  the  court  carry 
the  repeated  figure  of  "The  Flower  Girl,"  by  John  Bateman.  The 
figure  is  decked  with  wreaths  of  flowers  in  keeping  with  the  name  and 
character  of  the  court. 

At  the  front  of  the  court  is  the  equestrian  statue  of  "The  American 
Pioneer,"  by  Solon  Borglum.  The  rider,  typical  of  the  Americans  who 
forged  their  way  through  the  wilderness  and  deserts  of  the  west, 
holds  an  axe  and  a  gun,  symbols  of  pioneer  life.  The  leather  trappings 
of  his  horse  are  ornamented  with  Indian  emblems 

At  the  rear  of  the  court  is  the  sculptured  fountain,  by  Edgar  Walter. 
"The  Beauty  and  the  Beast"  is  the  title  of  the  work.  It  is  in  sympathy 
with  the  flowery-fairyland  idea  that  inspired  the  creation  of  the  court. 

At  the  tops  of  the  towers  is  "The  Fairy"  figure  by  Carl  Gruppe. 

Flora.  Orange  trees  and  groups  of  eugenia  myrtifolia  placed  in  ex 
tensive  flower  beds  of  color,  containing  yeMow  pansies,  daffodils,  red 
anemones  and  red  tulips. 

FESTIVAL  HALL 

At  the  eastern  end  of  the  South  Gardens  and  opposite  the  Court 
of  Flowers  is  Festival  Hall.  This  is  a  French  renaissance  structure 
resembling  somewhat  the  Theatre  des  Beaux  Arts  in  Paris. 

The  purpose  of  the  building  is  to  supply  a  center  for  the  Exposition 
musical  events  and  festivals,  which  fact  has  been  the  inspiration  for 
the  festive  character  of  its  architectural  and  sculptural  treatment. 

Sculpture.  All  of  the  sculpture  on  the  building  is  the  work  of 
Sherry  E.  Fry,  of  Iowa.  On  top  of  the  pylons,  .at  either  side  of  the 
main  entrance,  are  reclining  figures,  one  of  "Bacchus,"  the  other  of  a 
nymph.  In  front  of  each  pylon  is  a  figure  of  "Euterpe,"  the  Muse  of 
music.  At  the  feet  of  one  is  the  God  Pan  with  his  pipes  and  beneath 
the  other  is  a  reclining  Nymph. 

Above  the  smaller  domes,  that  mark  the  four  corners  of  the  build 
ing  is  the  repeated  figure  of  "The  Dancer." 

Flora.  The  plots  on  the  north  side  of  the  building  are  planted  with 
a  mass  of  hydrangeas.  Primroses  and  daisies  are  also  placed  about  the 
building  in  abundance.  Along  the  walls  are  eucalyptus  and  cyress 
trees. 

Illumination.  The  cupola  of  the  central  dome  and  the  four  small 
pavilions  at  the  corners  are  suffused  with  a  reddish  light  at  night 
while  the  building  is  bathed  with  the  rays  of  searchlights,  the  effect 
contributing  one  of  the  most  striking  features  to  the  night  picture 
of  the  Exposition. 

The  interior  of  the  building  is  illuminated  entirely  from  beneath 
the  floor.  The  light  comes  through  a  three  foot  aperture  from  a 
battery  of  searchlights. 

The  main  auditorium  of  the  building  contains  one  of  the  largest 
pipe  organs  in  the  world,  which  was  constructed  especially  for  the 
Exposition.  The  instrument  will  be  used  by  some  of  the  world's  most 
famous  organists  during  the  Exposition  period.  (For  organ  recitals 
and  other  musical  events  in  Festival  Hall,  see  article  on  Music  in 
this  guide,  also  see  the  Daily  Official  Program.) 

The  main  hall  of  the  building  has  a  seating  capacity  of  3000. 

38 


THE  PALACE  OF  VARIED  INDUSTRIES 

This  Palace  forms  the  southeastern  unit  of  the  main  group. 

Architecture.  On  the  south  front  of  the  Palace  of  Varied  Indus 
tries  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  portals  of  the  Exposition.  This 
doorway  is  a  reproduction  of  the  entrance  to  the  Hospital  of  Santa 
Cruz  at  Toledo,  Spain,  and  represents  an  expenditure  of  $15,000. 

The  eastern  facade  of  the  Palace  presents  a  massive  Italian  renais 
sance  portal  with  sculptured  figures  occupying  the  niches. 

The  east  and  west  walls  of  the  Palace  are  broken  by  buttresses. 
At  the  tops  of  the  buttresses  are  idealized  California  bears  with 
shields. 

Sculpture.  The  sculptured  decoration  of  the  south  portal  is  Plat- 
eresque,  so  called  because  of  its  resemblance  to  the  work  of  the 
Spanish  silversmiths  of  the  16th  century  (Plateros.)  The  modern 
sculpture  is  by  Ralph  Stackpole,  a  young  Californian. 

"The  Laborer"  or  Man  with  the  Pick  is  repeated  four  times  in  the 
niches  at  the  side  of  the  doorway.  In  the  tympanum,  directly  above 
the  doorway  are  figures  representative  of  the  various  industries,  and 
suggestive  of  the  contents  of  the  building.  In  the  small  niche  above 
the  doorway  is  a  seated  figure  of  "Labor."  In  the  large  niche  sur 
mounting  the  whole  composition  is  a  group  of  figures  called  "From 
Generation  to  Generation."  Age  is  passing  the  burden  of  industry  to 
Youth. 

The  figure  of  the  "Miner"  ornamenting  the  eastern  entrance  to  this 
Palace  is  by  Albert  Weinert. 

Exhibits.  In  this  Palace  are  to  be  found  exhibits  of  stationery, 
desk  accessories,  artists'  materials,  silversmiths'  and  goldsmiths' 
ware,  jewelry,  clock  and  watch  making,  objects  of  ornamental  de 
sign,  glass,  fine  leather  articles,  fancy  articles  and  basket  work,  cer 
amics,  equipment  and  processes  for  finishing  textiles,  threads  and 
cotton  fabrics,  silk  and  silk  fabrics,  laces,  embroidery,  wearing  apparel, 
furs  and  skins,  mortuary  monuments  and  undertakers'  furnishings 
and  various  industries  connected  with  clothing. 

About  55  per  cent,  of  the  floor  space  has  been  devoted  to  the  pro 
ducts  of  United  States  manufacturers  and  45  per  cent  to  foreign.  The 
United  States  exhibits  are  arranged  in  industrial  groups,  while  the 
foreign  displays  are  classified  according  to  nationality.  Foreign 
countries  exhibiting  are:  Argentine,  China,  Netherlands  (Holland 
and  Colonies,)  Denmark,  Germany,  Austria,  Turkey,  India,  Spain, 
Uruguay,  Balkan  States,  Japan  and  Duchy  of  Luxemberg. 

THE  AVENUE  OF  PROGRESS 

At  the  eastern  end  of  the  Avenue  of  Palms,  running  north  and 
south  is  the  Avenue  of  Progress,  one  of  the  most  magnificent  of  the 
Exposition  boulevards. 

The  northern  vista  along  this  avenue  affords  an  excellent  opportunity 
to  observe  the  exquisite  harmony  that  exists  between  the  Exposition 
picture  and  the  coloring  that  Nature  has  given  to  the  California  sky, 
the  bay  and  the  hills  beyond.  This  particular  vista  is  terminated  by 
Angel  Island  on  the  Marin  side  of  the  bay. 

On  the  eastern  side  of  the  Avenue  of  Progress  is  the  entrance  to 
the  Zone,  the  Southern  Pacific  Building,  the  Palace  of  Machinery  and, 
at  its  northern  end,  the  buildings  erected  by  several  of  the  trans 
continental  railroads. 

On  the  western  side  is  the  Palace  of  Varied  Industries,  the  Court 

39 


of  Mines,  which  leads  into  the  Court  of  the  Ages,  and  the  Palace  of 
Mines  and  Metallurgy. 

Opposite  the  Court  of  Mines  and  in  front  of  the  Palace  of  Machinery 
is  "The  Genius  of  Creation,"  a  sculptured  group  by  Daniel  Chester 
French,  "the  dean  of  American  sculptors." 

A  winged  figure,  "The  Genius  of  Creation,"  is  seated  on  a  rock, 
"Man  and  Woman"  stand  on  either  side,  their  hands  clasped  behind 
the  central  figure.  A  serpent  suggesting  the  story  of  Genesis  encircles 
the  base. 

Landscape  Effects.  Some  of  the  most  successful  landscape  effects 
of  the  Exposition  have  been  achieved  along  this  avenue.  Groups  of 
individuals  specimens  of  dracena  indivisa — branched  plants  of  an  aver 
age  height  of  20  feet — have  been  placed  along  the  avenue.  The  build 
ings  are  clothed  with  Monterey  cypress,  banked  with  Lawson  cypress 
and  thuya  gigantea,  in  front  of  which  are  planted  various  firs  and 
spruces,  while  specimens  of  Spanish  fir  have  been  set  out  between 
them  and  the  dracena  avenue.  Color  is  supplied  in  front  of  the  firs 
and  spruces  by  cinerarias  for  the  early  part  of  the  Exposition  period 
and  by  fuschias  later. 


Palace  of  Machinery,  looking  north  from  the  junction  of  the 
Avenue  of  Palms  and  the  Avenue  of  Progress 

PALACE  OF  MACHINERY 

Flanking  the  eastern  end  of  the  main  group  of  Palaces  is  the  great 
Palace  of  Machinery,  the  largest  wooden  building  in  the  world.  This 
structure  is  968  feet  long  by  368  feet  wide  and  135  feet  high.  It  was 
within  its  central  nave  that  the  late  Lincoln  Beachey  made  the  only 
indoor  aeroplane  flight  ever  attempted. 

Though  its  frame  is  of  wood,  something  like  1500  tons  of  steel  bolts 
and  fastenings  were  used  in  the  process  of  construction.  Eight  million 
feet  of  lumber  went  into  its  walls,  frame  and  floor. 

The  building  cost  $659,665  and  covers  approximately  nine  acres. 

Architecture.  The  architectural  motif  of  this  Palace,  particularly  in 
the  arrangement  of  its  eables,  is  supplied  by  the  ancient  Roman  baths 

40 


of  Diocletian.  The  western  facade  of  the  Palace  is  relieved  by  double 
columns  at  intervals  and  niches  containing  fountains.  The  principal 
architectural  feature  of  the  Palace  is  the  main  entrance  on  the  western 
side,  facing  the  Court  of  Mines. 

The  main  entrance  is  composed  of  three  massive  arches  set  off  by 
free  standing  columns  in  simulation  of  Sienna  marble.  Forming  a  tie 
between  the  arches  in  the  background  are  grills  of  amber-glass.  One 
of  the  best  impressions  of  this  magnificent  entrance  is  afforded  by 
stepping  within  the  vestibule  at  the  south  end  in  the  late  afternoon, 
when  the  sun's  rays  are  slanting  through  the  arches. 

Sculpture.  All  of  the  sculptural  decoration  of  this  Palace  is  by  Haig 
Patigian,  a  California  sculptor. 

Topping  the  columns  in  front  of  the  main  entrance  are  four  huge 
figures  representing  "The  Power  of  Invention,"  "Electric  Power"  (this 
figure  holds  a  shaft  of  lightning).  "The  Power  of  Imagination,"  and 
"Steam  Power"  (the  figure  with  an  engine  lever). 

These  "four  powers"  are  repeated  on  the  columns  of  the  north  and 
south  entrances. 

Around  the  base  of  the  smaller  columns  in  the  main  entrance  are 
friezes  containing  the  figure  of  "The  Genius  of  Mechanics"  and  other 
figures  suggesting  the  contents  of  the  building. 

Exhibits.  The  exhibits  of  this  Palace  are  not  only  arranged  to  be 
of  interest  to  the  engineer,  but  are  intended  as  a  school  of  instruction 
to  students  and  to  those  not  familiar  with  machinery  or  electrical  ap 
pliances.  Besides  a  great  many  exhibits  in  operation  other  exhibits 
are  arranged  to  present  explanatory  features  for  easy  study.  The 
exhibits  include  engines  and  water  motors  of  the  latest  type  and  a  great 
variety  of  machines  for  shaping  wood  and  metals,  apparatus  for  adapt 
ing  electricity  to  a  wide  range  of  uses,  and  many  other  classes  of 
machinery  for  manufacturing  and  household  uses.  A  series  of  highly 
scientific  and  spectacular  electric  displays  are  a  feature  of  this  de 
partment. 

The  U.  S.  Government  has  exhibits  of  the  War  and  Navy  depart 
ments,  Coast  Guard  Service,  Light  House  Service,  Bureau  for  Inspec 
tion  of  Vessels  and  Office  of  Public  Roads,  in  this  palace. 

THE  PALACE  OF  MINES  AND  METALLURGY. 

The  Palace  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy,  the  northeast  unit  of  the 
main  group,  is  appropriately  flanked  by  the  Machinery  Palace 
on  the  east  and  the  Transportation  Palace  on  the  west.  The  main 
entrances  are  on  the  Marina  and  the  Avenue  of  Progress.  The  south 
west  corner  adjoins  the  Court  of  Abundance. 

Architecture.  Being  at  a  corner  of  the  main  group,  this  Palace  pre 
sents  a  different  spectacle  and  different  architecture  with  each  facade. 

The  west  wall  also  serves  for  the  cloister  of  the  Court  of  Abund 
ance.  The  facade  opposite  the  Palace  of  Machinery  harmonizes  with 
the  Roman  architecture  of  that  massive  structure,  while  the  north 
facade  is  in  the  "Plateresque"  style  common  to  the  north  facades  of 
all  Palaces  abutting  on  the  Esplanade. 

The  Palace  covers  an  area  of  six  acres.    It  cost  $350,000. 

Exhibits.  The  natural  mineral  resources  (metallic,  non-metallic  and 
fuel)  of  the  world;  their  exploration  and  exploitation;  their  conver 
sion  into  metal;  their  manufacture  into  structural  forms  and  into 
raw  materials  for  the  various  industries. 

41 


The  object  of  the  Mines  and  Metallurgical  exhibit  is  two-fold:  First, 
to  draw  attention  to  the  natural  mineral  resources  of  each  country, 
state  and  community,  so  that  the  public  may  learn  of  the  mode  of 
occurrence  of  the  minerals  and  metals  of  commerce  and  of  their 
distribution;  of  the  stage  of  development  of  the  various  countries 
and  districts;  of  present  and  possible  future  sources  of  supply  and 
consumption;  of  general  market  and  trade  conditions  in  the  many  in 
dustries  which  are  based  on  the  utilization  of  mineral  resources. 

Second,  to  educate  the  public  in  a  general  way  regarding  the  de 
tails  of  the  numerous  subdivisions  of  this  great  basic  industry,  both 
at  home  and  abroad,  in  the  hope  that  the  hundreds  of  thousands  who 
will  visit  the  palace  will  tarry  long  enough  to  grasp  the  tremendous 
importance  of  this  industry  in  the  development  and  settlement,  not 
only  of  the  United  States,  but  of  the  world. 


Plateresque  Portal 

Repeated  on  north  facades  of  the  four  palaces  fronting  on  the  Esplanade — 
Mines  and  Metallurgy,  Transportation,  Agriculture,  and  Food  Products 

The  aim  of  this  department  has  also  been  to  illustrate  every  min 
eral  of  economic  importance,  not  merely  by  mineralogical  and  geo 
logical  specimens,  but"  by  complete  industrial  exhibits  which  begin 
with  the  undeveloped  mineral  resources,  and  end  with  the  article  sold 
to  the  retail  trade  of  the  country,  and  show,  in  so  far  as  possible,  the 
intermediate  processes  of  mining,  reduction  and  manufacture. 

Especial  attention  has  been  given  to  petroleum  and  coal,  to  copper, 
to  lead  and  zinc,  to  the  precious  metals,  to  the  gems  and  semi-precious 
stones.  The  iron  and  steel  industry  is  shown  by  the  most  compre 
hensive  and  complete  exhibit  ever  assembled.  The  rarer  minerals  and 
processes  for  their  reduction  have  received  due  attention,  particularly 
the  radio-active  ores. 

42 


A  co-operative  metallurgical  exhibit  has  been  arranged  where  stan 
dard  metallurgical  methods  are  illustrated  on  a  working  scale.  An 
open  metallurgical  forum  is  conducted  by  the  United  States  Bureau 
of  Mines.  It  is  expected  that  this  will  prove  to  be  a  rendezvous 
for  technical  men  from  all  parts  of  the  world  and  many  important 
problems  will  be  investigated  during  the  life  of  the  Exposition. 

Mining  methods  are  illustrated  by  a  novel  and  most  instructive  ex 
hibit  beneath  the  floor  of  the  Palace  in  the  Demonstration  Mine.  The 
leading  metal  mining  companies  and  coal  producers  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  various  manufacturers  of  machinery  and  equipment 
have  joined  in  a  comprehensive  exhibit  illustrating  mining  practice. 
Daily  demonstrations  of  mine  rescue  work  are  given  at  2  P.  M.  Access 
to  THE  MINE  is  obtained  through  the  Bureau  of  Mines  space  near 
the  north  main  entrance.  The  display  of  the  W.  P.  Fuller  Co.  is 
housed  in  a  reproduction  of  the  celebrated  Indian  temple  of  Taj 
Mahal. 

THE  COURT  OF  MINES. 

Turning  west  from  the  main  entrance  of  the  Palace  of  Machinery 
into  the  Court  of  Mines  one  looks  along  the  main  axis  of  the  Exposi 
tion.  The  vista  is  through  the  various  courts  which  will  be  described 
in  the  order  in  which  they  lie  to  the  west.  Terminating  the  vista-  on 
the  west  is  the  rotunda  of  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts. 

This  small  court  forms  a  passageway  between  the  Palace  of  Varied 
Industries  on  the  south  and  the  Palace  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy  on 
the  north.  The  entrances  to  these  two  buildings  are  Italian  renais 
sance  in  treatment.  Sculptured  figures  occupy  niches  on  either  side  of 
the  doorways.  Below  the  figures  are  highly  ornamental  lamps  sug 
gestive  of  sacrificial  altars. 

Illumination.  This  court  is  a  good  place  to  observe  the  placing 
of  the  ornamental  green  lighting  standards  distributed  along  the 
walls  of  buildings.  These  standards  are  one  of  the  principal  compon 
ents  in  the  system  of  floodlighting  from  concealed  sources  that  is 
characteristic  of  the  Exposition.  The  lights  are  hidden  from  the 
eyes  of  the  spectator  within  the  shells  at  the  tops  of  standards.  The 
shells  also  serve  as  reflectors,  throwing  the  light  against  the  walls 
of  buildings. 

The  Court  of  Mines  is  terminated  on  the  west  by  the  wall  of  the 
cloister  of  the  Court  of  Abundance. 

THE  COURT  OF  ABUNDANCE 

The  Court  of  the  Ages,  or  Court  of  Abundance,  as  it  has  been  of 
ficially  designated  by  the  Exposition,  is  the  farthest  east  in  the  series 
of  main  courts.  It  is  surrounded  by  the  Palace  of  I^ines  and  Metal 
lurgy,  on  the  northeast;  the  Palace  of  Varied  Industries,  on  the  south 
east;  the  Palace  of  Manufactures,  on  the  southwest,  and  the  Palace 
of  Transportation,  on  the  northwest. 

The  location  of  the  court  is  marked,  from  the  exterior  of  the 
"walled  city"  of  Exposition  palaces,  by  the  lofty  square  tower  which 
stands  at  the  north  entrance. 

The  following  description  of  the  court  is  supplied  by  its  architect, 
Louis  Christian  Mullgardt,  who  has  expressed  a  preference  for  the 
use  of  the  name  "Court  of  the  Ages." 

Architecture.  The  floor  of  the  Court  declines  to  the  central  basin, 
affording  the  observer  a  full  view  of  the  surroundings.  The  arcaded 
and  vaulted  ambulatory  extends  continuously  around  the  four  sides. 
The  floor  of  this  ambulatory  is  elevated  above  the  upper  floor  level 

43 


of  the  Court  for  the  convenience  of  observers.  Its  architecture  has 
not  been  accredited  to  any  established  style. 

The  Court  is  an  historical  expression  of  the  successive  Ages  of  the 
World's  growth.  The  Central  Fountain  symbolizes  the  nebulous 
world  with  its  innate  human  passions.  Out  of  a  chaotic  condition 
came  Water  (the  Basin)  and  Land  (the  Fountain)  and  Light  (the 
Sun  supported  by  Helios,  and  the  Electroliers).  The  braziers  with 
their  flaming  serpents  and  cauldrons  symbolize  Fire.  The  floor  of 
the  court  is  covered  with  verdure,  trees,  flowers  and  fruits.  The  two 
Sentinel  Columns  to  the  right  and  left  of  the  tower  symbolize  Earth 
and  Air.  The  eight  paintings,  by  Brangwyn,  in  the  four  corners  oi 
the  ambulatory  symbolize  the  elements  of  Earth,  Air,  Fire  and 
Water.  The  central  figure  in  the  avenue  north  of  the  court  symbol 
izes  "Modern  Time  Listening  to  the  Story  of,  the  Ages." 

The  decorative  motifs  employed  on  the  surrounding  arcade  are  sea 
plant  life  and  its  animal  evolution.  The  piers,  arches,  reeds  and 
columns  bear  legendary  decorative  motifs  of  the  transition  from 
plant  to  animal  life  in  the  forms  of  tortoises  and  other  shell  motifs, 
kelp  and  its  analogy  to  pre-historic  lobster,  skate,  crab  and  sea  urchin. 
The  water-bubble  motif  is  carried  through  all  vertical  members  which 
symbolize  the  Crustacean  Period,  which  is  the  second  strata  of  the 
court. 

The  third  strata,  the  pre-historic  figures,  surmounting  the  piers  of 
the  arcade,  also  the  first  group  over  the  tower  entrance,  show  earliest 
forms  of  human,  animal,  reptile  and  bird  life,  symbolizing  the  Stone 
Age  period. 

The  fourth  strata,  the  second  group  in  the  Altar  Tower,  symbolize 
human  struggle  for  emancipation  from  ignorance  and  superstition,  in 
which  religion  and  war  are  dominating  factors.  The  kneeling  figures 
on  the  side  altar  are  similary  expressive.  The  torches  above  these 
mediaeval  groups  symbolize  the  Dawn  of  Understanding.  The  Chanti 
cleers  on  the  finials  surrounding  the  court  symbolize  the  Christian 
Era.  The  topmost  figure  of  the  altar  symbolizes  Intelligence,  "Peace 
on  Earth,"  "Good  Will  Towards  All  Men" — the  spirit  of  Learning 
and  Industry  is  at  her  feet.  The  topmost  figure  surmounting  the 
side  altar  symbolizes  Thought. 

The  arched  opening  forming  the  enclosure  of  the  altar  contains 
alternating  masks  expressing  Intelligence  and  Ignorance  in  equal 
measure,  symbolizing  the  Peoples  of  the  World. 

A  gradual  development  to  the  higher  forms  of  Plant  Life  is  ex 
pressed  upward  in  the  Altar  Tower,  the  conventionalized  Lily  Petal 
being  the  highest  form. 

Sculpture.  The  general  meaning  of  the  sculpture  and  its  relation  to 
the  underlying  motifs  of  the  court  are  expressed  in  the  description 
of  the  architect.  -  The  architectural  detail  and  the  sculpture  supple 
ment  each  other  in  symbolizing  biological  change  and  evolution. 

The  central  feature  of  the  court  is  the  "Fountain  of  the  Earth" 
by  Robert  Aitken,  which  has  attracted  such  widespread  attention 
that  it  has  been  deemed  best  to  here  present  a  detailed  interpretation 
of  the  work  and  the  meaning  of  the  various  figure* 

At  the  south  end  of  the  central  pool  is  a  figure  of  Helios,  the  sun- 
god,  symbolic  of  the  setting  sun,  the  whole  having  a  suggestion  of 
primitive  man's  idea  of  the  sun  splashing  into  the  water  of  the  ocean 
as  it  sets. 

FOR  COMPLETE  INTERPRETATION  OF  THE  SCULPTURE 
AND  MURAL  PAINTINGS  SEE  "OFFICIAL  SCULPTURE 
BOOK"  BY  STELLA  G.  S.  PERRY,  FOR  SALE  ABOUT  THE 
GROUNDS  AND  ELSEWHERE. 


First  and  second  panels  of  the  "Fountain  of  the  Earth" 

And  front  group,  which  is  the  arm  extending  from  the  second  panel 

In  the  Court  of  Abundance,  by  Robert  Aitken 

45 


Third  and  fourth  panels  of  the  "Fountain  of  the  Earth" 

In  the  Court  of  Abundance,  by  Robert  Aitken. 


46 


Th«  great  orb  has  thrown  off  a  nebulous  mass  that  has  subsequently 
resolved  itself  into  the  earth  (the  globe  in  the  center  of  the  main 
fountain). 

The  Fountain  of  the  Earth:  To  follow  the  sculptor's  purpose  one 
should  first  observe  the  figures  on  the  west  side  of  the  group  in  front 
of  the  main  fountain,  then  the  four  panels  that  surround  the  globe, 
commencing  on  the  south  side,  and  end  with  the  east  side  of  the 
front  group. 

Front  Group:  A  symbolized  Destiny,  in  the  shape  of  two  arms  and 
hands  giving  life  with  the  one  and  taking  it  away  with  the  other,  is 
first  in  the  front  group. 

On  the  side  are  figures  suggesting  the  Dawn  of  Life. 

The  first  figure  on  the  west,  Prenatal  Sleep,  is  the  crouched  form  of 
a  woman,  while  successively  come  the  Awakening,  the  Ecstatic  Joy 
of  Being,  the  Kiss  of  Life,  with  the  human  pair  offering  up  the  chil 
dren  of  their  loins  representative  of  the  beginnings  of  fecundity;  a 
female  strong  of  limb  and  superb  of  physique  enfolds  in  her  arms  two 
infants,  while  her  mate  of  no  less  powerful  build  and  rude  force, 
kneeling  beside  her,  gives  her  an  embrace,  typical  of  the  over-powering 
parental  instinct.  Here  is  the  suggestion  of  the  elemental  feelings, 
the  beginnings  of  things. 

First  Panel:  Between  the  front  group  and  the  central  fountain 
comes  a  gap,  a  space  typical  of  unknown  time  before  history  began, 
and  the  story  is  taken  up  again  with  the  first  of  the  panels, 
wherein  stands  a  figure  of  Vanity,  glass  in  hand,  symbolizing  the 
compelling  motive  of  so  much  in  human  endenvor.  To  the  left,  in 
contrast,  are  primitive  man  and  woman  carrying  their  burdens  of 
life,  in  the  form  of  their  progeny,  into  the  unknown  future.  The  two 
figures  to  the  right  represent  "Lust." 

Second  Panel.  Between  each  of  the  panels  is  a  figure  of  Hermes 
suggesting  the  passage  of  time.  (Similar  figures  were  used  by  the 
Greeks  as  milestones  along  the  roads). 

In  the  second  panel  are  the  children  of  the  men  and  women  in  the 
first  panel,  now  grown  to  man  and  womanhood,  and  in  their  rude 
strength,  finding  themselves,  with  the  result  of  natural  selection.  This 
is  a  group  of  five  personages.  The  center  figure  is  a  man  of  splendid 
youth  and  vigor,  suggesting  the  high  state  both  of  physical  and  in 
tellectual  perfection,  unconsciously  attracting  the  female,  two  of  whom 
regard  him  with  favor,  while  two  males  on  either  side,  deserted  for 
this  finer  type,  give  vent  to  deep  regret,  expressed  by  despair  and 
anger.  One  attempts  by  brute  force  to  hold  the  woman,  the  other 
reluctantly  gives  up  his  choice. 

Third  Panel.  In  the  "Survival  of  the  Fittest,"  as  this  panel  is  called, 
we  have  a  militant  group,  in  which  physical  strength  begins  to  play 
its  part.  The  powerful  chieftains  struggle  for  supremacy  of  their 
time  and  tribe,  their  women  making  futile  efforts  to  separate  them. 
Here  the  sense  of  conquest  receives  its  first  impression,  while  there 
is  symbolism  of  the  conflict  of  the  nations  that  has  ever  gone  on, 
for  one  cause  or  another,  and  that  struggle  for  the  female  that  has 
ever  been  the  actuating  motive  in  war  and  conquest. 

Fourth  Panel:  The  next  group  discloses  "The  Lesson  of  Life," 
wherein  the  elders  with  the  experience  of  the  years  offer  to  hot 
headed  youth  and  to  the  lovelorn  the  benefit  of  their  own  trials  and 
struggles.  A  beautiful  woman  is  the  central  figure,  and  she  draws 
to  her  side  splendid  manhood,  the  warrior  willing  to  fight  for  his  love 
and  his  faith.  To  his  left  his  mother  offers  him  her  affectionate  ad- 

47 


vice,  while  to  the  right  a  father  restrains  a  wayward  offspring,  who, 
rejected  by  the  female,  is  in  a  state  of  frenzied  jealousy. 

Finally,  looking  at  the  first  panel  again,  are  the  two  figures  repre 
senting  Lust,  a  man  struggling  to  caress  the  unwilling  woman  shrink 
ing  from  his  embraces,  and  we  are  led  down  from  this  pair  to  the 
crouching  figures  on  the  east  side  of  the  group  in  front  of  the  fountain. 

First  is  a  figure  of  Greed  looking  back  on  the  Earth.  He  holds  in 
his  hands  a  mass  suggestive  of  his  futile  and  unsavory  worldly  pos 
session,  the  unworthy  bauble  toward  which  his  efforts  have  been  di 
rected.  Back  of  him  we  have  the  group  of  Faith,  wherein  kneels  a 
Patriarch,  who  offers  consolation  to  a  woman  to  whom  he  presents  the 
hope  of  immortality,  holding  in  his  hands  a  scarab,  ancient  symbol  of 
renewed  life.  Next  come  two  recumbent  figures,  a  man  and  a  woman, 
the  first  Sorrow,  the  other  typifying  Final  Slumber.  These  are  about 
to  be  drawn  into  oblivion  by  the  relentless  hand  of  Destiny. 

The  Tower:  The  sculpture  on  the  Tower  by  Chester  Beach  is  in 
three  principal  stages,  representing  the  evolution  of  the  race.  In  the 
first,  Man  is  just  emerging  from  the  lower  forms  of  animal  life.  He  is 
still  brutish,  but  within  him  intelligence  is  dawning.  , 

The  second  stage  shows  mediaeval  civilization.  Here  is  the  crusader, 
the  priest  and  the  soldier. 

The  third  group  is  of  the  present  civilization.  Woman,  representing 
motherhood,  is  enthroned  and  crowned. 

The  figures  at  the  sides  of  the  tower  are  called  Mutation  or  Change. 
Man  and  woman,  now  enlightened,  are  still  struggling  toward  better 
things,  and  to  throw  off  the  evil  heritages  that  persist  from  primitive 
ages. 

In  front  of  the  Tower  are  two  columns  bearing  the  Water  Sprite 
by  Leo  Lentellt.  Water  nymphs  by  the  same  sculptor  are  grouped 
about  the  bases  of  the  columns.  (It  was  originally  intended  to  utilize 
the  columns  as  fountains.) 

Along  the  top  of  the  cloister  are  the  repeated  figures  of  Primitive 
Man  (the  hunter)  and  Primitive  Woman,  by  Albert  Weinert. 

In  the  north  avenue  of  the  court  is  the  statute  of  "Modern  Time 
Listening  to  the  Story  of  the  Ages,"  by  Sherry  E.  Fry. 

Mural  Paintings 

Tn  this  court  are  the  eight  paintings  by  Frank  Brangwyn  of  London. 
The  canvases  have  for  their  subjects  the  four  elements:  "Earth," 
'"Water,"  "Fire"  and  "Air."  Unlike  most  of  the  other  murals,  these 
have  no  abstruse  symbolism,  and  the  subject  is  conveyed  by  the 
picturing  of  simple,  primitive  human  uses  of  the  several  elements. 

The  paintings  tell  no  particular  "story,"  in  the  sense  of  the  histori 
cal  canvases  of  the  Exposition,  their  chief  features  being  their  artistic 
qualities  and  the  artist's  method  of  execution. 

Earth.  The  abundance  and  fruitfulness  of  the  earth  at  harvest  time 
pre  the  means  of  suggesting  the  subject  in  both  paintings  of  "Earth," 
in  both  the  scene  is  fairly  teeming  with  productivity.  In  one  men  and 
women  are  gathering  flowers  and  the  crops  of  fruit  and  vegetables, 
pnd  in  the  other  a  vintage  is  in  progress,  the  great  clusters  of  grapes 
furnishing  one  of  the  dominant  notes  of  the  picture. 

Water.  Girls  and  men  are  filling  their  water-jugs  from  a  spring. 
The  tall  water-birds  (flamingoes)  also  suggest  this  element.  The  prox 
imity  of  the  water  is  again  suggested  by  the  abundance  of  verdure. 

In  the  second  of  the  "Water"  pictures  fishermen  are  drawing  their 
seines  in,  while  others  are  coming  with  baskets  to  bear  away  the  catch. 

48 


"Air" 

Mural  painting  in  Court  of  Abundance,  by  Frank  Brangwyn 

49 


Fire.  One  of  the  paintings  has  Primitive  Fire  for  its  subject  and 
the  other  the  Fire  of  Industry.  In  the  first  the  thin  column  of  smoke 
indicates  the  presence  of  fire.  The  men  are  grouped  about  it  fanning 
and  blowing  the  flame  into  life.  Others  are  bringing  faggots  while 
the  old  folk  gather  about  for  warmth. 

A  rough  kiln  to  which  men  are  bringing  pottery  for  burning  is  the 
means  of  conveying  the  idea  of  fire  in  the  second  painting. 

Air.  The  power  of  air  is  immediately  suggested  by  the  great  wind 
mill  and  rain  clouds.  Boys  flying  kites,  wind-swept  grain,  and  the 
workers  going  to  their  winnowing  with  the  wind  at  their  backs  are 
seen. 

In  the  second  painting  a  trio  of  archers  are  about  to  dispatch  their 
missies  through  the  air.  Birds  flying  about  in  the  trees  above  show 
the  purpose  of  their  hunt  and  the  element  which  is  treated. 

Flora: 

Orange  trees  brought  from  the  interior  valleys  of  the  state  in  full 
bearing;  formal  Italian  cypress  and  Irish  yews  with  standard  acacias. 

THE  FLORENTINE  COURT. 

Connecting  the  Court  of  Abundance  with  the  Court  of  the  Universe  is 
the  Florentine  Court,  so  called  because  of  the  characteristic  Florentine 
treatment  of  the  facades  of  the  Palace  of  Manufactures  and  the  Pal 
ace  of  Transportation  which  form  its  walls.  Ornamental  columns  of 
varied  design  flank  the  walls,  while  beds  of  flowers  and  clumps  of 
evergreen  shrubs  border  the  paths. 

From  this  court  one  has  the  first  view  of  the  Arch  of  the  Rising 
Sun,  the  eastern  entrance  to  the  Court  of  the  Universe.  Two  medal 
lions  by  A.  Stirling  Calder  ornament  this  side  of  the  arch.  The  Na 
tions  of  the  East  group  at  the  top  can  best  be  seen  from  within  the 
Court  of  the  Universe. 

Beneath  the  sculptured  group  are  these  inscriptions: 

Left  panel:  HE  THAT  HONORS  NOT  HIMSELF  LACKS 
HONOR  WHERSOE'ER  HE  GOES.— ZUHAYR  (Arabian  Poet). 

Center  panel:  THE  BALMY  AIR  DIFFUSES  HEALTH  AND 
FRAGRANCE— SO  TEMPERED  IS  THE  GENIAL  GLOW  THAT 
WE  KNOW  NEITHER  HEAT  NOR  COLD— TULIPS  AND 
HYACINTHS  ABOUND— FOSTERED  BY  A  DELICIOUS  CLIME 
THE  EARTH  BLOpMS  LIKE  A  GARDEN.— FIRDAUSI  (The 
national  poet  of  Persia). 

Right  panel:  A  WISE  MAN  TEACHES  BE  NOT  ANGRY 
FROM  UNTRODDEN  WAYS  TURN  ASIDE.— PHRA  RUANG 
(an  ancient  King  of  Siam). 

The  figure  of  the  Guardian  Angel,  by  Leo  Lentelli,  tops  the  Sienna 
columns  on  either  side  of  the  arch. 

PALACE  OF  TRANSPORTATION 

The  Palace  of  Transportation  is  just  to  the  west  of  the  Palace  of 
Mines  and  Metallurgy  in  the  north  half  of  the  main  group  of  palaces. 

The  east,  south  and  west  walls  of  this  palace  contribute  respectively 
to  the  Court  of  the  Ages,  the  Florentine  Court  and  the  Court  of  the 
Universe.  The  north  front  is  in  the  Plateresque  treatment  common 
to  the  north  facades  of  all  four  palaces  fronting  on  the  Esplanade, 

The  building  covers  seven  acres  and  cost  $500,000. 

50 


Exhibits.  The  whole  development  of  transportation  from  the  most 
primitive  forms  of  locomotion  to  the  most  rapid  and  scientific  means 
of  conveyance  of  today  are  shown  in  this  building. 

Here  also  are  shown  the  principal  methods  of  utilizing  steam  and 
electric  power  for  transportation,  as  well  as  rolling  stock  that  is  used 
for  passenger  and  freight  traffic;  construction  material  and  methods 
used  under  the  best  practice;  expeditious  handling  of  mail  and  express; 
safety  devices;  routes  of  travel;  pictures,  views  and  spectacular  presen 
tations  of  world  renowned  points  of  interest. 

Marine  travel  is  fully  illustrated  through  models  of  ships;  photo 
graphs,  full  size  sections  of  modern  merchant  vessels;  charts  and 
other  methods.  In  Machinery  Palace,  yet  having  a  place  in  this  de- 


Arch  of  the  Rising  Sun,  Court  of  the  Universe 


partment,  are  the  latest  types  of  marine  engines  and  motor  boat  ap 
pliances.     Oversea  travel,  both  domestic  and  foreign,  are  shown. 

The  automobile,  which  is  the  flexible  unit  of  transportation  and 
which  is  a  great  factor  in  the  development  of  the  country,  is  seen  in 
all  the  varied  types  and  body  styles  known  to  the  motoring  world. 

The  exhibits  typify  every  phase  of  development  in  modes  of  modern 
transportation  and  faithfully  record  the  marvelous  advances  thus  made 
in  recent  years. 

Some  of  the  main  features  of  interest  include  a  4,000  horsepower 
electric  locomotive  mounted  on  a  revolving  turntable,  the  aero 
plane  used  by  Robert  Fowler  in  his  flight  across  the  Panama  Canal 
Zone,  the  biplane  used  by  the  late  Lincoln  Beachey,  in  which  he 
made  over  a  thousand  aerial  loops,  an  automobile  assembling  plant 
in  operation,  one  of  the  two  surviving  locomotives  used  in  the  early 
'60s  by  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  across  the  Sierra  Nevada  moun 
tains,  one  of  the  largest  passenger  locomotives  in  use  today,  and  many 
other  features  of  interest  in  land  and  marine  transportation. 

51 


COURT  OF  THE  UNIVERSE 

The  Court  of  the  Universe,  the  great  central  court  of  the  Exposi 
tion,  symbolizes  both  the  purposes  oi  the  Exposition,  which  celebrates 
the  completion  of  the  Panama  Canal  and  the  far-reaching  effects  that 
the  building  of  the  Canal  itself  will  have  in  unifying  the  nations  of 
the  world. 

The  southern  edge  of  the  sunken  gardens,  which  occupy  the  center 
of  the  court,  is  the  best  place  from  which  to  observe  its  numerous 
features. 

On  the  east  are  the  Palaces  of  Manufactures  and  Transportation, 
and  on  the  west  the  Palaces  of  Liberal  Arts  and  Agriculture,  lo  the 
south  is  the  Tower  of  Jewels,  and  to  the  north  the  forecourt  leading 
to  the  Marina  and  terminated  by  the  heroic  Column  oi  Progress. 
Marking  the  east  and  west  entrances  to  the  Court  are  the  Arch  of  the 
Rising  Sun  and  the  Arch  of  the  Setting  Sun. 

The  architecture  of  the  court  is  Roman,  its  principal  features  being 
the  triumphal  arches  and  the  curved  colonnades  ot  double  columns, 
which  border  the  court  on  the  east  and  west  and  are  broken  by  six 
domed  pavilions.  There  is  a  decided  resemblance  between  the  court 
and  the  plaza  of  St.  Peter's  in  Rome. 

The  area  of  the  court  is  approximately  ten  acres. 

Sculpture.  In  this  court  is  the  best  place  to  get  a  general  idea 
of  the  scope  of  the  Exposition  sculpture.  Much  of  the  best  sculpture 
work  is  to  be  observed  here,  as  well  as  the  great  variety  of  sculpture 
motifs. 

The  two  most  prominent  works  are  the  Nations  of  the  East  on  the 
Arch  of  the  Rising  Sun  and  the  Nations  of  the  West  on  the  Arch  of 
the  Setting  Sun. 

Both  groups  are  in  moving  composition  as  though  advancing 
toward  each  other.  Messrs.  Calder,  Lentelli  and  Roth  were  >he 
sculptors  who  collaborated  on  these  massive  works. 

In  the  "Nations  of  the  East"  group  from  left  to  right  the  figures  are 
"The  Arab  Warrior,"  "The  Negro  Servitor"  (bearing  baskets  of  fruit), 
"Camel  and  Rider,"  "The  Egyptian,"  "The  Falconer,"  elephant  with 
howdah  containing  a  figure  embodying  the  "Spirit  of  the  East"  and 
attended  by  Oriental  mystics  representing  India;  "The  Buddhist 
Llama,"  bearing  his  emblem  of  authority;  "Camel  and  Rider,"  "The 
Mahometan,"  "The  Negro  Servitor,"  "The  Mongolian  Warrior." 

The  size  of  the  group  may  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that  the  figure 
of  the  negro  servitor  is  13  feet  6  inches  in  height. 

The  following  lines  from  the  "Light  of  Asia,"  epitomizing  the  spirit 
of  the  East,  are  inscribed  on  the  arch  beneath  the  group:  "Unto  Nir 
vana.  He  is  one  with  Life,  yet  lives  not — He  is  blest  ceasing  to  be 
— Om  Mani  Padmi  Om — The  dewdrop  slips  into  the  Shining  Sea." 

In  the  "Nations  of  the  West"  group  from  left  to  right  the  figures 
are:  "The  French  Trapper,"  "The  Alaskan,"  "The  Latin  American," 
"The  German,"  "The  Hopes  of  the  Future"  (two  boys,  white  and 
negro,  riding  on  the  prairie  schooner),  "Enterprise"  (above  the  group), 
"The  Mother  of  Tomorrow,"  "The  Italian,"  "The  Anglo-American," 
"The  Squaw,"  "American  Indian."  The  group  is  conceived  in  the 
same  large  monumental  style  as  the  "Nations  of  the  East,"  and  the 
types  of  those  colonizing  nations  that  have  at  one  time  or  place  or 
other  left  their  stamp  on  our  country  have  been  selected  to  form  it. 

The  following  lines  from  Emerson's  "The  Young  American"  are 
inscribed  on  the  arch  beneath  the  group:  "There  is  a  sublime  and 

52 


53 


54 


friendly  destiny,  by  which  the  human  race  is  guided— the  race  never 
dying— the  individual  never  spared— to   results   affecting  masses  am 

^Tlie   medallions   on    the   arches   are   by   Calder  and   the   figures   of 
Pegasus     (the  mythological  winged    horse)     in  the    spandrels    are   by 

On  the  free-standing  columns  are  the  figures  of  the  Guardian 
Angel  by  Leo  Lentelli. 

Along  the  top  of  the  colonnades  is  the  "Star"  by  A.  Stirling  Calder 
repeated  ninety-six  times. 

Forming  the  friezes  on  the  corner  pavilions  of  the  court  are  the 
signs  of  the  Zodiac  by  Hermon  A.  McNeil;  Aries,  the  Ram;  Gemini, 
the  twins;  Cancer,  the  crab;  Leo,  the  lion;  Virgo,  the  maiden;  Cap- 
ricornus,  the  goat;  Aquarius,  the  water  bearer;  and  Pisces,  the  fish. 


•555? 


Detail  of  Fountains  of  Setting  Sun  and  Rising  Sun 

In  the  Court  of  the  Universe 

At  the  eastern  end  of  the  sunken  gardens  is  the  Fountain  of  the 
Rising  Sun  and  at  the  western  the  Fountain  of  the  Setting  Sun  by 
Adolph  A.  Weinman.  The  fountains  are  topped .  respectively  by  the 
figure  of  "The  Rising  Sun"  and  the  "Setting  Sun."  The  friezes  about 
the  bases  represent  "The  Triumph  of  Light  Over  Darkness." 

Mermen  and  creatures  of  the  sea  ornament  the  bowls  and  bases  of 
these  fountains.  The  bowls  are  said  to  be  the  largest  concrete  bowls 
ever  cast. 

At  the  tops  of  the  main  north  and  south  stairways  leading  down 
into  the  sunken  gardens  are  the  four  colossal  reclining  figures  repre 
senting  the  elements  by  Robert  Aitken:  "Fire,"  "Air,"  "Earth"  and 
"Water." 

"Air,"  crowned  with  a  star,  is  looking  downward  to  the  earth.  Fast 
ened  to  her  wings  is  a  figure  representing  Man,  the  suggestion  being  of 
man's  efforts  to  fly  upon  "the  wings  of  wind." 

"Earth"  is  sleeping,  as  are  the  hidden  forces  within  the  world.  The 
fruitfulness  of  the  earth  is  conveyed  by  the  roots  of  trees  and  the 

55 


'Air" 


"Water" 

"Fire" 

The  Four  Elements 

In  the  Court  of  the  Universe,  by  Robert  Aitken 
56 


Earth" 


clusters  of  minerals— the  wealth  that  Man  struggles  to  take  from  the 
ground. 

The  figure  of  "Fire"  holds  a  shaft  of  lightning.  About  his  limbs  a 
salamander  writhes. 

"Water"  is  represented  by  the  figure  of  a  sea  god  reclining  on  the 
waves.  About  him  are  dolphins,  other  creatures  of  the  deep  and  sea 
weed. 

The  dancing,  wreath-draped  figures,  at  the  top  of  the  east  and  west 
stairways  are  "Music"  and  "The  Dance."  Paul  Manship  is  the 
sculptor. 

The  Column  of  Progress  at  the  northern  end  of  the  Court  is  the 
first  great  sculptured  column  in  the  world  whose  design  was  inspired 
by  a  purely  imaginative  motif.  The  only  other  similar  work  is  the 
Column  of  Trajan  in  Rome. 

The  following  description  of  the  column  is  furnished  by  the  sculp 
tors: 

"The  unconquerable  impulse  that  forever  impels  man  to  strive  on, 
assailing  in  endless  generations  and  confining  barriers  of  existence, 
his  eternal  optimism  and  stern  joy  in  effort — these  are  the  thoughts 
that  have  inspired  the  conception  of  the  Column  of  Human  Progress 
and  that  are  embodied  in  its  sculptural  friezes  and  crowning  group. 

"The  Column  itself  is  a  symbol  of  achievement,  and  the  procession 
of  figures  forming  the  frieze  of  the  pedestal  embody  in  high  relief 
sculpture,  the  successive  generations,  born  from  the  teeming  Earth, 
irresistably  pressing  onward,  by  devious  ways,  seeking  the  golden 
dreams  of  Life.  This  has  been  executed  by  Isidore  Konti." 

"Above  the  capital  of  the  Column,  crouching  figures  of  Toilers,  for 
all  must  toil  to  win,  form  the  circular  frieze  that  in  turn  supports  the 
crowning  group,  representing  the  supreme  moment  of  Man's  prime. 
This  group,  as  well  as  the  frieze  of  the  Toilers  is  the  work  of  Hermon 
A.  MacNeil.  It  is  composed  of  three  figures — a  kneeling  woman  in 
fearful  expectation,  hopeful  to  applaud  success;  a  guarding  male  sup 
porting  the  central  figure  of  the  Man  of  Purpose,  or  the  Adventurous 
Bowman,  as  it  is  called,  launching  his  shaft  at  the  obscure  target  of 
Truth,  unseen  but  to  himself,  and  those  of  his  kin,  who,  yet  to  come, 
shall  speed  the  World  of  Progress. 
Inscriptions:  Arch  of  the  Setting  Sun. 

Left  panel: 

IN  NATURE'S   INFINITE  BOOK  OF  SECRECY 
A  LITTLE  CAN  I  READ 

— Shakespeare. 
Center  panel: 

FACING  WEST   FROM   CALIFORNIA'S 
SHORES— INQUIRING    TIRELESS    SEEK 
ING  WHAT  IS  YET  UNFOUND— I  A 
CHILD  VERY  OLD  OVER  WAVES  TO 
WARDS   THE   HOUSE   OF   MATERNITY 
THE  LAND  OF  MIGRATIONS  LOOK 
AFAR— LOOK  OFF  THE  SHORES  OF  MY 
WESTERN   SEA  THE   CIRCLE  ALMOST 
CIRCLED 

— Whitman. 

(The  reference  is  to  the  Asiatic  origin  of  the  Aryan  race.) 

57 


Right  panel: 

TRUTH— WITNESS  OF  THE  PAST  COUN 
CILLOR  OF  THE  PRESENT  GUIDE  OF 
THE  FUTURE 

— Cervantes. 
Arch  of  the  Rising  Sun. 

Left  panel: 

THEY  WHO   KNOW  THE  TRUTH   ARE 
NOT  EQUAL  TO  THOSE  WHO  LOVE 
IT 

— Confucius 
Center  panel: 

THE  MOON  SINKS  YONDER  IN  THE 
WEST  WHILE  IN  THE  EAST  THE  GLO 
RIOUS  SUN  BEHIND  THE  HERALD 
DAWN  APPEARS— THUS  RISE  AND  SET 
IN  CONSTANT  CHANGE  THOSE  SHIN 
ING  ORBS  AND  REGULATE  THE  VERY 
LIFE  OF  THIS  OUR  WORLD 

— Kalidasa  (Sanskrit  poet). 
Right   panel: 

OUR  EYES  AND   HEARTS  UPLIFTED 
SEEM  TO   GAZE  ON   HEAVEN'S 
RADIANCE 

— Hitomaro  (Japanese  Poet.) 

Mural  Paintings.  Supplementing  the  general  purpose  of  the  Court 
of  the  Universe,  are  the  mural  paintings  in  the  Arch  of  the  Rising  Sun 
and  the  Arch  of  the  Setting  Sun.  The  former  are  by  Edward  Simmons 
and  the  latter  by  Frank  V.  Du  Mond. 

Simmons'  subject  is  the  coming  of  the  Europeans  to  America,  while 
Du  Mond's  is  the  progress  of  civilization  westward. 

The  painting  on  the  south  side  of  the  Arch  of  the  Rising  Sun  rep 
resents  the  types  that  have  crossed  or  attempted  to  cross  the  Atlantic. 
The  youthful  Spirit  of  Adventure  summons  the  adventurers  on  with 
his  trumpet.  The  figure  of  the  savage,  with  his  hand  shading  his  eyes, 
represents  the  men  who  sailed  from  the  fabled  continent  of  Atlantis 
in  the  hope  of  reaching  Yucatan. 

Sharpening  his  sword  is  the  Homeric  adventurer.  Then  comes  the 
European  explorer  (Columbus,)  the  noble  colonist,  the  priest  (the 
Jesuit,)  the  artist  and  the  laborer.  At  the  extreme  left  is  the  figure  of 
the  Future  hearkening  to  the  past.  In  the  background  are  the  types 
of  vessels  of  the  explorers  of  the  several  epochs. 

In  the  panel  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  arch  the  painter  has  em 
bodied  some  of  the  visions  and  ideals  that  lead  the  adventurers  to  cross 
the  ocean.  The  first  two  figures  are  "Hope"  and  "Illusory  Hope." 
The  latter  drops  bubbles  which  "Adventure,"  who  follows,  tries 
vainly  to  pick  up.  In  the  center  are  figures  representing  "Commerce," 
"The  Fine  Arts,"  "Truth"  and  "Religion."  Then  comes  "Wealth" 
and  a  group  symbolizing  the  Family. 

In  the  Arch  of  the  Setting  Sun  on  the  west  side  of  the  Court  of  the 
Universe  the  paintings  by  Du  Mond  take  up  the  story  of  the  westward 
march  of  civilization  in  the  United  States.  In  both  panels  Du  Mond 
has  painted  actual  portraits  of  Americans  of  note. 

In  the  panel  on  the  north  side  of  the  Arch  is  depicted  the  departure 

58 


of  the  Argonauts  from  their  eastern  homes.  There  is  a  typical  New 
England  home  with  a  typical  stretch  of  rocky  coast.  A  young  man  is 
taking  leave  of  his  family,  his  face  illumined  with  a  vision  of  the  land 
of  promise. 

Then  comes  a  number  of  figures  representing  the  stream  of  people 
who  joined  in  the  westward  migrations  "with  all  their  goods  and 
chattels."  The  figure  of  the  preacher  is  a  portrait  of  William  Taylor, 
a  famous  preacher  who  came  to  California  in  the  early  days.  Follow 
ing  him  is  The  Pioneer,  James  Adams,  otherwise  known  as  "Grizzly 
Adams,"  a  judge — David  Dudley  Field,  typifying  law  and  order,  and 
then  the  schoolmistress.  Children,  typifying  the  youth  of  the  nation 
are  in  the  procession.  In  the  forefront,  with  another  group  of  trav 
elers,  is  a  figure  representing  the  Call  of  Fortune,  with  her  trumpet 
and  overflowing  cornucopia. 

The  panel  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  arch  portrays  the  arrival  of 
the  argonauts  on  the  shores  of  the  Pacific.  First  is  seen  the  Spanish 
element,  the  first  California  settlers.  Captain  Jaun  Bautista  de  Anza, 
one  of  the  founders  of  San  Francisco,  and  Padre  Junipero  Serra,  "the 
father  of  the  Missions,"  are  in  this  group.  Then  follow  the  figures 
expressing  conquest  and  enlightenment. 

In  the  central  group  is  the  painter,  William  Keith;  the  literateur, 
Bret  Harte;  a  sculptor,  an  architect  and  a  scientist  and  other  figures 
of  pioneers.  The  panel  is  concluded  with  a  utilization  of  the  Seal  of 
California,  with  the  figures  extending  a  welcome  to  those  who  have 
crossed  the  plains.  In  the  background  are  great  orange  trees  laden 
with  fruit,  and  extending  their  hands  in  greeting  are  the  miner,  the 
fruit-gatherer  and  the  agriculturist,  all  types  of  the  new  land. 

Gardens. — The  Court  of  the  Universe  is  distinguished  by  a  formal 
sunken  garden  planted  with  8,000  hybrid  rhododendrons  from  Europe. 
Veronica  hedges  are  used  against  the  buildings,  while  standard  acacias 
and  climbing  plants  are  also  in  evidence.  In  the  north  avenue  of  the 
court  are  hedges  of  ericas  in  variety  and  standard  acacias  with  masses 
of  red  azaleas. 

One  of  the  distinguishing  features  in  the  south  section  of  the  court 
is  supplied  by  the  lofty  Italian  cypress  trees  set  against  the  walls  of 
the  buildings  and  the  square-cut  cypresses  in  the  niches  beneath  the 
tower. 

VENETIAN    COURT 

Connecting  the  Court  of  the  Universe  with  the  Court  of. the  Four 
Seasons  is  a  small  Venetian  Court,  distinguished  by  the  treatment 
of  the  walls  of  the  Palace  of  Liberal  Arts  and  the  Palace  of  Agri 
culture,  which  enclose  it  on  the  south  and  north.  The  walls  are  lined 
with  beds  of  California  poppies  and  banks  of  variegated  evergreens. 

On  the  wall  of  the  Arch  of  the  Setting  Sun,  facing  this  court,  are 
these  inscriptions: 

Left  Panel: 

THE  WORLD  IS  IN  ITS  MOST  EXCELLENT 
STATE  WHEN  JUSTICE  IS  SUPREME 

—Dante. 

59 


Center  Panel: 

IT   IS   ABSOLUTELY    INDISPENSABLE 
FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES  TO  EFFECT 
A  PASSAGE  FROM  THE  MEXICAN  GULF 
TO  THE  PACIFIC  OCEAN  AND  I  AM 
CERTAIN  THAT  THEY  WILL  DO  IT- 
WOULD  THAT  I  MIGHT  LIVE  TO  SEE 
IT  BUT  I  SHALL  NOT 

—Goethe  (Written  in  1827). 
Right  Panel: 

THE  UNIVERSE— AN  INFINITE  SPHERE 
THE  CENTER  EVERYWHERE,  THE  CIR 
CUMFERENCE  NOWHERE 
— Pascal  (Definition  of  the  universe  from  "Thoughts"). 

PALACE   OF  AGRICULTURE 

The  Palace  faces  north  on  the  Esplanade  between  the  entrances  to 
the  Court  of  the  Universe  on  the  East  and  the  Court  of  Four  Seasons 
on  the  west.  To  the  south  is  the  Venetian  Court. 

Architecture. — The  north  facade  is  the  only  one  that  can  properly 
be  said  to  belong  architecturally  to  this  palace.  Its  chief  feature  is 
the  richly  ornamented  "Plateresque"  entrance,  similar  to  those  on  the 
facades  of  the  other  north-fronting  palaces. 

The  other  walls  contribute  respectively  to  the  Court  of  Four  Sea 
sons  and  the  Court  of  the  Universe.  The  building  cost  $420,000  and 
covers  seven  acres. 

Exhibits. — The  agricultural  department  includes  within  its  extensive 
scope  the  Palace  of  Agriculture,  the  Palace  of  Food  Products,  the 
Redwood  Bungalow,  the  White  and  Sugar  Pine  Bungalow,  the  House 
of  Hoo  Hoo,  or  Lumbermen's  Building — these  three  being  situated 
in  the  Forestry  Court  to  the  south  of  the  Palace  of  Horticulture. 
The  Agriculture  department  also  includes  a  number  of  exhibits  located 
in  the  Livestock  Section,  to  the  west  of  the  state  and  foreign  buildings. 
In  the  Palace  of  Agriculture  the  exhibits  are  arranged  to  show  the  most 
up-to-date  methods  in  all  things  incidental  to  modern  intensive  agri 
culture,  as  it  exists,  not  only  in  the  United  States  of  America,  but  in 
all  the  leading  agricultural  countries  of  the  world. 

The  area  is  insufficient  to  house  all  these  exhibits,  therefore  the 
agricultural  exhibits  from  several  foreign  countries  will  be  found  in 
the  national  pavilions  of'these  participating  nations,  as  follows:  Aus 
tralia,  Bolivia,  Guatemala,  Honduras,  Siam,  Sweden. 

In  the  Palace,  however,  will  be  found  the  following  foreign  coun 
tries'  exhibits:  Argentine  Republic,  China,  Cuba,  Japan,  New  Zealand, 
Philippines,  Uruguay. 

An  extensive  exhibit  of  Philippine  agricultural  products  is  just 
within  the  south  entrance. 

One  should  give  particular  attention  and  consideration  to  the 
products  displayed  by  the  different  States  of  the  Union,  and  by 
the  individual  manufacturing  interests.  In  these  exhibits  will 
be  found  the  most  modern  productions  and  equipment  of  the  farm, 
with  all  implements  to  lighten  the  labor  and  cheapen  the  cost  of  pro 
duction,  together  with  modern  scientific  methods  of  sanitation  in  the 
production  of  foodstuff. 

Agricultural  Outside  Exhibits. — In  the  Department  of  Livestock, 
west  of  the  State  and  Foreign  buildings,  is  a  large  exhibit  of  silos 

60 


"The  Feast  of  Sacrifice" 

By  Albert  Jaegers,  Court  of  Four  Seasons 

and   of  agricultural   implements,   where   almost   daily   demonstrations 
of  the  caterpillar  tractors  are  given. 

The  Pacific  Coast  Condensed  Milk  Co.'s  special  condensory,  south 
east  of  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts,  is  included  in  this  department. 

THE  COURT  OF  FOUR  SEASONS 

In  passing  into  the  Court  of  the  Four  Seasons  one  should  pause  to 
observe  the  frescoes  that  ornament  the  vaulted  ceilings  of  the  arcade 

61 


I 


Fountain  of  Spring 

In  the  Court  of  Four  Seasons 


62 


over  the  east  and  west  entrances.  The  delicate  low  relief  depicts  har 
vest  and  field  scenes  and  is  replete  with  figures  expressive  of  the  title 
of  the  court. 

Architecture. — This  quiet  and  classic  court  has  a  distinct  suggestion 
of  Hadrian's  Villa  near  Rome,  in  the  great  half  dome  at  its  southern 
end  and  in  the  arrangement  of  the  corner  recesses  that  are  set  off  by 
double  rows  of  Ionic  columns.  In  the  architectural  as  well  as  the 
sculptural  decoration  of  the  court  are  to  be  found  suggestions  of  the 
seasonal  festivities  of  the  ancients. 

In  the  center  is  a  still  pool  reflecting  the  beauties  of  the  court. 

The  quiet  character  of  the  court  is  further  carried  out  by  the  gar 
dening.  Evergreens  with  grayish  foliage  are  used  exclusively.  Euca 
lyptus,  olive,  pittosporum,  crassifolium  and  lasiandra  are  the  varieties 
to  be  found.  "Maidenhair"  vines  hang  down  from  the  walls  back  of 
the  fountains. 

Sculpture. — Surmounting  the  great  niche  or  half  dome  is  the  group 
of  "Harvest"  or  "Plenty,"  by  Albert  Jaegers.  On  the  columns  at 
either  side  of  the  half  dome  are  "Rain"  and  "Sunshine,"  by  the  same 
sculptor.  The  first  is  a  nymph  catching  the  rain  in  a  seashell.  The 
other  is  a  similar  figure  holding  a  palm  leaf  that  shades  her  from 
the  sun. 

On  the  pylons  at  the  north  entrance  to  the  court  is  another  group 
by  Jaegers,  consisting  of  a  male  and  a  female  figure  leading  a  bull, 
called  "The  Feast  of  Sacrifice" — an  ancient  harvest-time  fete. 

In  the  four  corners  of  the  court  are  the  fountains  of  "Spring,"  "Sum 
mer,"  "Autumn"  and  "Winter,"  by  Furio  Piccirrilli,  and  in  the  colon 
nade  associated  with  each  fountain  are  the  seasonal  paintings  by 
Milton  Bancroft.  The  arrangement  of  the  colonnades  permits  the 
sunlight  to  play  upon  the  fountains,  giving  an  unusual  light  effect. 

"Spring"  is  the  central  figure  in  the  fountain  of  that  name,  at  the 
right  of  the  half  dome.  Beside  her  is  a  girl  bearing  the  first  flowers 
of  the  season.  The  stirring  of  the  world  into  life  again  is  the  idea 
conveyed. 

"Summer"  shows  "a  worker  with  the  first  harvest  of  the  year.  A 
mother  holds  up  to  the  father  their  first  born. 

About  the  figure  of  "Autumn"  in  the  next  recess  are  symbols  of 
the  rich  harvest  season — the  great  jug  suggesting  the  vintage — and 
symbols  of  the  festivities  with  which  the  season  was  celebrated  in 
ancient  Greece. 

In  the  fountain  of  "Winter"  the  central  figure  is  Nature,  resting. 
On  one  side  an  old  man  rests  from  his  labors  in  the  field,  on  the 
other  a  young  man  is  sowing  for  the  year  to  come. 

In  the  forecourt  is  the  "Fountain  of  Ceres,"  by  Evelyn  Beatrice 
Longman.  Ceres,  the  goddess  of  agriculture  and  abundance,  is  extend 
ing  a  stalk  of  corn,  a  symbol  of  the  harvest,  and  a  crown  of  leaves. 
The  frieze  shows  dancing  maidens  celebrating  the  Feast  of  Ceres. 

Mural  Paintings. — Milton  Bancroft,  of  New  York,  has  ten  canvases 
in  this  court.  Eight  of  them  are  placed  over  the  doorways  of  colon 
nades  in  front  of  the  four  fountain  niches  around  the  central  court. 
Each  season  is  represented  by  two  paintings,  one  of  the  seasonal 
Pleasures  or  Pastimes  and  the  other  of  the  seasonal  Activities  or  In 
dustries.  The  canvases  are  respectively  entitled  "Spring,"  "Summer," 
"Autumn"  and  "Winter." 

In  two  side  panels  of  the  half  dome  at  the  south  end  of  the  court 
are  larger  vertical  compositions.  The  subject  of  the  painting  on  the 

63 


west  wall  adjoining  the  Palace  of  Education  is  "Man  Receiving  In 
struction  in  Nature's  Law."  On  the  east  wall  adjoining  the  Palace  of 
Liberal  Arts  is  "The  Arts  Crowned  by  Time." 

Inscriptions. — Over  west  arches: 

SO  FORTH  ISSEW'D  THE  SEASONS  OF 
THE  YEARE— FIRST  LUSTY  SPRING  ALL 
DIGHT   IN   LEAVES  AND   FLOWRES 

THEN    CAME  THE  JOLLY   SOMMER   BEING   DIGHT 
IN  A  THIN  SILKEN  CASSOCK  COLOURED  GREENE 
THEN  CAME  THE  AUTUMNE  ALL  IN  YELLOW  CLAD 

LASTLY  CAME  WINTER  CLOATHED  ALL 
IN  PRIZE— CHATTERING  HIS  TEETH  FOR 
COLD  THAT  DID  HIM  CHILL 

— Spenser. 
Over  east  arches: 

FOR  LASTING  HAPPINESS  WE  TURN 

OUR  EYES  TO  ONE  ALONE 
AND  SHE  SURROUNDS  YOU  NOW 

GREAT  NATURE,  REFUGE  OF  THE 

WEARY  HEART  AND  ONLY  BALM  TO 
BREASTS  THAT  HAVE  BEEN  BRUISED 

SHE  HATH  COOL  HANDS  FOR  EVERY 

FEVERED  BROW  AND  GENTLEST 
SILENCE  FOR  THE  TROUBLED  SOUL 

—Sterling. 

Turning  north  out  of  the  court,  the  visitor  is  confronted  with  one 
of  the  magnificent  vistas  afforded  by  the  Exposition.  The  wooded 
height  on  the  opposite  shore  of  the  bay  is  Belvedere. 

In  the  opposite  direction  through  the  doorway  under  the  half  dome 
is  another  of  the  beautiful  Exposition  vistas,  an  ornamental  section 
of  the  Palace  of  Horticulture  being  visible  through  the  opening,  as  a 
background  for  the  equestrian  statue,  "The  End  of  the  Trail." 

THE   ESPLANADE 

Going  north  through  the  forecourt  one  conies  to  the  Esplanade, 
which  extends  westward  from  the  ferry  slip  along  the  north  facades 
of  the  Palaces  of  Mines,  Transportation,  Agriculture  and  Food  Prod 
ucts,  and  through  the  state  section  to  the  Massachusetts  Building. 
At  the  end  of  the  court  the  ornamental  light  standards  should  be 
noticed.  These  are  typical  of  the  detail  on  the  monument  of  Lysicrates 
at  Athens.  Emerging  on  the  Esplanade  one  sees  to  the  left  the  mas 
sive  walls  of  the  California  Building.  To  the  right  is  the  yacht  harbor 
and  directly  in  front  is  the  reproduction  of  Morro  Castle,  which  stands 
at  the  entrance  of  Havana  Harbor,  Cuba.  The  reproduction  is  used 
for  the  battery  of  48  searchlights  known  as  the  scintillator,  which 
supplies  many  of  the  novel  features  of  the  illumination.  The  locomo 
tive  on  the  opposite  breakwater  of  the  Yacht  Harbor  is  also  used  for 
illumination  effects,  its  purpose  being  to  supply  clouds  of  steam. 

64 


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Ik  JU 

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65 


ADMINISTRATION   AVENUE 

Going  west  on  the  Esplanade  one  comes  to  the  north  end  of  the 
Administration  Avenue,  whence  one  may  obtain  a  good  view  of  the 
California  Building,  which  contains  the  administrative  headquarters 
and  social  headquarters  of  the  Exposition  as  well  as  the  California 
display  section.  The  architectural  motif  of  this  structure  is  taken 
from  the  surviving  missions  in  various  parts  of  California.  Within 
the  cloister  is  a  reproduction  of  the  Forbidden  Gardens  of  Santa  Bar 
bara.  (See  article  on  gardens.)  The  hedges  which  surround  this 
garden  and  the  large  trees  in  front  of  the  main  tower  of  the  building 
were  part  of  the  Harbor  View  Gardens  that  formerly  occupied  this 
site.  These  and  the  large  eucalyptus  at  the  south  end  of  Administra 
tion  Avenue  are  the  only  trees  originally  on  the  Exposition  site. 
(For  futher  information  on  the  California  Building  see  State  and 
Foreign  Buildings.) 

Turning  north  on  Administration  Avenue,  past  the  Hawaiian  Build 
ing,  one  comes  to  the  half  dome  over  the  western  entrance  to  the 
Palace  of  Food  Products,  which  is  called  the  Portal  of  Plenty. 

THE    PALACE    OF    FOOD    PRODUCTS 

At  the  northwest  corner  of  the  main  group  of  palaces  is  the  Palace 
of  Food  Products,  occupying  five  and  a  half  acres. 

Architecture. — The  principal  feature  of  the  north  facade  is  the  highly 
ornamental  "Plateresque"  portal,  reproduced  from  the  cathedral  of 
Salamanca,  Spain.  The  north  portals  of  all  four  palaces  fronting  on 
the  Esplanade  are  the  same. 

On  the  west  of  the  Palace  of  Food  Products  is  the  massive  Roman 
half  dome  called  "The  Portal  of  Plenty,"  and  on  the  south,  facing  the 
Palace  of  Education,  is  a  grilled  doorway  with  spiral  columns. 

Sculpture. — In  the  niches  of  the  north  portal  are  the  figures  of  "The 
Conquistador"  (the  Spanish  conqueror)  and  two  of  "The  Pirate,"  by 
Allen  Newman,  types  of  the  men  who  "sailed  the  Spanish  Main"  and 
led  the  Spanish  conquests  in  America. 

In  the  niches  along  the  west  wall  are  repeated  "The  Triumph 
of  the  Field"  and  "Abundance,"  by  Charles  R.  Harley.  The  figures 
are  enthroned  as  though  leading  a  pageant  celebrating  the  harvest 
season,  and  are  surrounded  by  symbols  of  abundance  and  the  fruitful- 
ness  of  the  earth. 

On  top  of  the  free-standing  columns  on  either  side  of  the  half  dome 
is  the  figure  of  "Youth,"  by  Ralph  Stackpole.  Topping  the  columns 
within  the  half  dome  is  "Physical  Vigor,"  by  Earl  Cummings.  The 
figure  holds  a  wreath  such  as  crowned  the  victors  in  the  Olympian 
games  of  ancient  Greece. 

Within  the  half  dome  is  an  old  Italian  fountain. 

Exhibits. — In  this  palace  will  be  found  all  of  the  primary  products 
of  the  farm  reduced  to  edible  form.  In  all  sections  of  the  building  are 
processing  exhibits.  Here  one  can  see  all  kinds  and  classes  of  cereals, 
reduced  to  different  grades  and  kinds  of  flour  and  meal,  and  the  prod 
ucts  baked  into  prepared  foods  by  bakers  representing  ten  different 
nations.  Here  also  is  a  small  chewing  gum  manufacturing  plant.  It  is 
the  first  time  in  the  history  of  expositions  that  chewing  gum  has  been 
made  so  that  visitors  may  see  how  it  is  done  and  what  it  is  made  from. , 

The  decortication  and  roasting  of  coffee,  the  firing  and  blending  of 
tea,  the  manufacture  of  confections,  and  numerous  other  activities  of 

66 


unusual  interest  to  the  housewife,  or  to  any  one  interested  in  knowing 
how  pure  foods  are  produced  and  prepared,  are  among  the  displays. 

In  this  palace  will  be  found  exhibits  from  foreign  countries  of  in 
tense  interest  to  the  visitor. 

Argentine  occupies  a  large  section  near  the  northwest  corner,  along 
the  west  side  of  the  palace. 

Cuba  occupies  a  large  section  along  the  north  wall,  near  the  north 
west  corner. 

Great  Britain.  The  British  section  will  be  found  to  be  of  intense 
interest.  The  principal  exhibits  are  those  by  individual  concerns,  who 
bore  the  expense  of  their  individual  exhibits. 

Italy  shows  the  products  of  the  leading  industries  of  its  great 
country. 

Japan  has  a  wonderfully  interesting  section  near  the  north  main 
entrance. 

The  Netherlands  exhibit  may  be  found  near  the  northwest  corner, 
and  contains  a  marvelously  interesting  display  of  food  products. 

Portugal,  near  the  north  main  entrance,  has  an  attractive  and  inter 
esting  installation  of  its  wines,  liqueurs  and  food  products. 

Interesting  food  products  displays  will  also  be  found  in  the  national 
pavilions  of  the  following  mentioned  countries:  Argentine,  Australia, 
Bolivia,  China,  Cuba,  Guatemala,  Honduras,  Italy,  Japan,  The  Nether 
lands,  New  Zealand,  The  Philippines,  Portugal,  Siam,  Sweden, 
Uruguay. 

A  large  restroom  for  women  is  situated  at  the  south  entrance  to 
this  palace.  This  restroom  is  free,  and  all  are  invited  to  avail  them 
selves  of  its  use. 

PALACE    OF   FINE   ARTS 

To  the  west  of  Administration  Avenue  is  the  Fine  Arts  Lagoon, 
separating  the  Palace-of  Fine  Arts  from  the  other  Exposition  palaces. 

Architecture. — This  structure  with  its  surroundings  presents  one  of 
the  most  remarkable  and  artistic  achievements  of  the  Exposition.  The 
general  treatment  gives  the  palace  a  similarity  to  the  Temple  of  the 
Sun  at  Athens.  Much  of  the  detail  has  been  taken  from  the  Choragic 
monument  of  Lysicrates,  also  at  Athens. 

The  general  effect  of  the  building  from  a  distance  is  that  of  an 
ancient  ruin  overgrown  with  vegetation  that  has  sprung  up  in  the 
course  of  centuries.  This  idea  has  been  carried  out  with  success  by 
the  landscape  department  in  the  treatment  of  the  borders  of  the 
lagoon  and  the  building  itself.  The  sections  of  high  hedge  about  the 
rotunda  are  of  the  same  ice-plant,  or  mesembryanthemum,  that  com 
poses  the  outside  wall  of  the  Exposition. 

Taking  advantage  of  the  sequestered  position  of  the  building,  the 
architect,  B.  R.  Maybeck,  has  endeavored  to  reflect  the  mood  of  the 
visitor,  who  leaves  the  building  with  a  feeling  of  reverence  for  art. 
The  same  idea  has  actuated  the  sculptors  who  have  contributed  to' 
the  ornamentation  of  the  building's  exterior. 

The  palace  is  in  the  shape  of  an  arc  eleven  hundred  feet  in  length. 
The  domed  rotunda  in  front  of  the  main  entrance  is  165  feet  in  height. 
Following  the  line  of  the  building  is  a  Corinthian  colonnade. 

67 


68 


At  intervals  along  the  wall  that  traverses  the  colonnade  are  many 
interesting  bits  of  statuary  (exhibits  in  the  Fine  Arts  Department) 
that  are  distinct  from  the  Exposition  sculpture  and  that  will  be  found 
labeled  with  their  titles  and  the  names  of  the  sculptors.  (See  Fine 
Arts  catalogue.) 

Sculpture. — In  front  of  the  rotunda,  directly  above  the  waters  of 
the  lagoon,  is  a  girlish  figure  kneeling  at  the  Altar  of  Art  and  guard 
ing  the  fires  of  inspiration,  the  work  of  Ralph  Stackpole.  The  frieze 
about  the  altar  is  by  Bruno  Louis  Zimm. 

The  figure  above  the  main  doorway  to  the  interior  of  the  palace 
that  seems  to  float  in  the  air  is  "Inspiration,"  by  Leo  Lentelli. 

Just  beneath  the  dome  on  the  exterior  of  the  rotunda  is  a-  series  of 
classic  Greek  panels  by  Bruno  Louis  Zimm.  "The  Unattainable  in 
Art"  is  on  the  east  side.  Art  is  the  central  figure.  Her  votaries,  on 
either  side,  are  struggling  to  reach  her,  while  materialism,  in  the  shape 
of  the  centaur,  intervenes  and  hinders  their  progress. 

The  other  panels  are  "Poetry,  or  the  Triumph  of  Pegasus,"  present 
ing  the  Greek  myth  of  the  winged  horse  of  inspiration,  and  "The 
Chariot  of  Apollo." 


Panel  on  rotunda  of  I 


of  Fine  Arts 


Between  the  Zimm  panels  are  figures  of  the  Classic  Arts  by  Ulric 
H.  Ellerhusen. 

The  friezes  around  the  flower  boxes  against  the  wall  of  the  building 
and  at  the  base  of  the  rotunda  are  also  by  Ellerhusen,  as  are  the  fig 
ures  of  the  "weeping  woman"  repeated  at  the  corners  of  the  boxes 
that  top  the  colonnade.  With  these  melancholy,  contemplative  figures 
the  sculptor  has  carried  out  the  architect's  idea  of  reflecting  the  mood 
of  the  thoughtful  visitor  to  the  collections  of  art  works  within  the 
building. 

At  the  tops  of  columns  within  the  rotunda  is  the  repeated  "Priestess 
of  Culture,"  by  Herbert  Adams. 

Mural  Paintings. — The  eight  panels  under  the  dome  are  by  Robert 
Reid.  The  entire  scheme,  suggested  in  the  four  major  panels,  has  to 
do  with  the  conception  and  birth  of  art,  its  commitment  to  the  earth 
and  its  progress  and  acceptance  by  the  human  intellect. 

The  other  four  panels  symbolize  the  four  "golds"  of  California:  the; 
gold  of  the  poppy,  of  the  citrus  fruits,  of  the  wheat  and  of  the  metal. 

FOR  COMPLETE  INTERPRETATION  OF  THE  SCULPTURE 
AND  MURAL  PAINTINGS  SEE  "OFFICIAL  SCULPTURE' 
BOOK,"  BY  STELLA  G.  S.  PERRY,  FOR  SALE  ABOUT  THE 
GROUNDS  AND  ELSEWHERE. 


70 


The  panels  are  lighted  from  below  by  the  reflected  sunlight  from 
the  Fine  Arts  Lagoon. 

"The  "Birth  of  European  Art"  is  symbolied  in  the  first  of  the  major 
panels.  There  are  five  dominant  figures  grouped  about  an  altar  on 
which  burns  the  sacred  fire.  An  earthly  messenger  leans  from  his 
chariot  to  receive  in  his  right  hand  from  the  guardian  of  the  flame 
the  torch  of  inspiration,  while  with  his  left  hand  he  holds  back  his  rear 
ing  steeds.  In  front  of  these  a  winged  attendant  checks  for  an  instant 
their  flight.  The  central  figure,  the  guardian  of  the  altar,  still  holds  the 
torch,  and  below  her  are  three  satellites,  one  clasping  a  cruse  of  oil, 
inother  pouring  oil  upon  the  altar  while  she  holds  in  her  hand  a  flam 
ing  brand,  ready  to  renew  the  flame  should  it  falter,  a  third  zealously 
watching  the  fire  as  it  burns.  Opposite  these,  a  figure  holds  a  crystal 
gazing-globe,  in  which  the  future  has  been  revealed  to  her,  but  her 
head  is  turned  to  watch  the  flight  of  the  earthly  messenger. 

"The  Birth  of  Oriental  Art"  is  designated  in  the  second  panel.  The 
forces  of  the  earth  wresting  inspiration  from  the  powers  of  the  air 
are  pictured  in  a  contest  between  a  joyous  figure  in  ancient  Chinese 
armor  mounted  upon  a  golden  dragon  combating  an  eagle  (Legend 
of  the  Ming  Dynasty).  A  female  figure  under  a  huge  umbrella  repre 
sents  Japan,  one  of  the  heritors  of  the  victory  of  Earth  over  Air,  while 
on  either  side  are  two  other  Oriental  figures  in  gorgeous  attire,  sym 
bolic  of  the  long  periods  of  Oriental  Art. 

The  third  panel  represents  the  "Ideals  in  Art."  There  are  seven 
figures,  the  Greek  ideal  of  beauty  dominating  all  in  a  classic  nude. 
Below  this  Religion  is  portrayed  in  a  Madonna  and  Child.  Heroism 
is  shown  in  Jeanne  d'Arc,  mounted  on  a  war-horse  and  flinging 
abroad  her  victorious  pennant.  A  young  girl  represents  youth  and 
material  beauty,  while  at  her  side  a  flaunting  peacock  stands  for 
absolute  nature,  without  ideal  or  inspiration.  A  mystic  figure  in  the 
background  holds  the  cruse  of  oil.  Over  all  of  them  floats  a  winged 
figure  holding  a  laurel  wreath  for  the  victorious  living,  while  a  shad 
owy  figure  in  the  foreground  holds  a  palm  for  the  dead. 

The  fourth  panel  represents  the  "Inspirations  of  All  Art,"  five  figures 
symbolizing  Music,  Painting,  Architecture,  Poetry  and  Sculpture. 
Flying  above  these  are  two  winged  figures,  one  holding  a  torch  flam 
ing  with  the  sacred  oil  that  has  been  brought  from  the  altar,  the  other 
drawing  back  the  veil  of  darknes,  revealing  the  tangible,  visible  ex 
pression  of  Art  to  mortal  eyes. 

Gardens. — Between  the  columns  of  the  colonnade  and  along  the 
wall  of  the  building  are  planted  artemisia,  Monterey  cypress  and  small 
eucalyptus. 

The  planting  around  the  lagoon  is  confined  to  the  natural,  such  as 
weeping  willows,  groups  of  evergreen  shrubs  and  the  like  on  the  small 
promontories  and  inlets  of  the  lake.  In  addition  to  the  large  trees 
10,000  vinca  major,  or  periwinkle,  have  been  set  out  with  5,000  violets, 
1,000  white  calla  lilies  and  500  yellow  calla  bulbs. 

Exhibits. — The  exhibits  of  the  Department  of  Fine  Arts  are  divided 
into  a  United  States  Section,  a  section  for  each  foreign  nation  officially 
participating  in  the  Exposition  and  represented  by  a  commission,  an 
international  section,  sections  for  different  media,  a  loan  collection, 
and  a  number  of  "one-man"  collections.  Each  of  these  sections  has 
its  subdivisions. 

(For  location  of  various  galleries  see  map  on  preceding  page.) 

71 


The  United  States  Section,  in  the  formation  of  which  the  Depart 
ment  of  Fine  Arts  sought  the  co-operation  of  every  American  artist, 
whether  at  home  or  abroad,  of  every  art  institution  in  America,  and 
of  individual  collectors  and  amateurs  generally,  consists  of  an  exhibit 
of  works  produced  by  American  artists  since  1904,  which  will  be  eli 
gible  for  award  at  the  hands  of  the  International  Jury  of  Awards;  of 
such  works  by  living  American  artists  produced  prior  to  1904  as  it 
seems  desirable  to  include,  which  will  not  be  eligible  for  award,  and 
of  a  loan  collection. 

In  the  loan  collection,  in  order  that  the  popular  error  of  supposing 
that  the  American  artist  of  today  is  without  ancestry  or  tradition  may 
be  refuted,  there  is  a  chronological  historical  showing  of  American 
painting  and  sculpture  covering  the  period  from  Colonial  and  Revolu 
tionary  times  down  to  the  years  just  preceding  our  own.  As  this  line 
of  descent  in  this  country  has  been  swayed  now  to  the  right  and  now 
to  the  left  by  the  influence  of  foreign  schools,  and  since  the  foreign 
sections  in  this  Exposition,  as  has  already  been  noted,  is  of  today, 
there  is  shown  also  a  collection  of  foreign  works  (not  contemporane 
ous)  arranged  by  schools,  which  will  make  clear  what  their  influence 
has  been  upon  the  fine  arts  in  America  and,  at  the  same  time,  serve 
as  a  sort  of  index  to  the  vast  wealth  of  our  public  and  private  col 
lections. 

In  the  case  of  every  foreign  section  officially  represented  in  the 
Department  of  Fine  Arts  the  National  Section  is  under  the  direct 
control  (subject  only  to  the  general  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Ex 
position)  of  the  Commissioners  or  National  Committees. 

In  the  International  Section  are  shown  works  by  artists  of  the 
foreign  nations  not  represented  by  Commissioners  or  by  National 
Committees;  and  such  works  by  artists  of  foreign  nations  officially 
represented  as  may  be  omitted  from  their  own  national  sections. 

The  general  purpose  in  the  arrangement  of  the  exhibits  has  been 
to  show  tendencies. 

The  "one-man"  exhibits  include  the  works  of  John  H.  Twachtmann, 
Edmund  C.  Tarbell,  Edward  W.  Redfield,  Frank  Duveneck,  Wm.  M. 
Chase,  Childe  Hassam,  Gari  Melchers,  Alson  Clark,  John  Singer  Sar 
gent,  Francis  McComas,  Arthur  F.  Mathews,  William  Keith  and 
Whistler. 

Special  galleries  include:  Illustration,  represented  by  the  works  of 
Howard  Pyle;  etching  and  lithography,  by  Joseph  Pennell;  pastels  by 
John  M.  Hamilton;  small  bronzes,  and  miniatures. 

The  showing  also  includes  representative  works  of  the  futurist, 
cubist  and  other  ultra-modern  schools. 

The  international  section  includes  works  of  art  from  all  over  Europe. 
Among  the  distinctive  features,  as  contrasted  with  the  art  exhibits  at 
other  expositions,  are  the  comprehensive  showings  of  Hungarian, 
Norwegian  and  Austrian  canvases  and  sculpture. 

A  supplementary  building  has  been  constructed  in  the  rear  of  the 
palace  to  accommodate  the  large  number  of  exhibits  received  after 
the  Exposition  opened. 

As  an  assistance  and  encouragement  to  exhibiting  artists,  the  De 
partment  of  Fine  Arts  has  organized  a  sales  bureau  and  most  of  the 
works  by  living  artists  may  be  purchased  for  delivery  at  the  close  of 
the  Exposition  at  studio  prices. 

72 


PALACE    OF    EDUCATION   AND    SOCIAL    ECONOMY 

This  palace  is  the  southwest  unit  of  the  main  group,  its  main  facades 
being  on  Administration  Avenue  and  the  Avenue  of  Palms.  The 
building  covers  a  little  less  than  five  acres  and  cost  $304,263. 

Architecture. — The  west  wall  with  its  great  half-dome  is  Roman,  in 
keeping  with  the  character  of  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts  across  the 
lagoon.  The  north  and  south  facades  present  a  combination  of  Byzan 
tine  and  Spanish  Renaissance. 

Sculpture. — In  the  tympanum  above  the  main  south  entrance  is  the 
relief  panel  of  "Education,"  by  Gustave  Gerlach.  At  one  side  a  scien- 


"The  End  of  the  Trail" 
At  entrance  to  Court  of  Palms,  by  James  Earl  Fraser 

tist  is  occupied  with  his  researches,  at  the  other  a  mother  is  instructing 
her  children,  while  in  the  center  is  the  teacher.  To  the  left  of  the 
doorway  is  a  panel  by  Charles  Peters,  and  on  the  right  a  panel  by 
Cesare  Stea.  Both  have  education  for  their  subject. 

The  figures  occupying  the  niches  along  the  west  wall,  "The  Triumph 
of  the  Field"  and  "Abundance,"  are  the  same  as  those  on  the  west 
wall  of  the  Palace  of  Food  Products. 

The  figures  topping  the  columns  on  either  side  of  the  half-dome  or 
"Portal  of  Thought"  are  of  "Youth"  by  Ralph  Stackpole.  The  figure 
on  top  of  the  columns  within  the  half-dome  is  "Philosophy"  holding 
the  scroll  of  knowledge.  Albert  Weinert  is  the  sculptor. 

Exhibits. — The  floor  space  is  occupied  by  displays  of  the  Depart 
ment  of  Education  and  the  Department  of  Social  Economy,  both  of 
which  will  be  found  unusually  well  planned  and  arranged  and  appli- 

73 


cable  to  the  daily  needs  of  most  visitors.  In  selecting  the  education 
exhibits,  duplications  have  been  avoided,  and  each  State  has  specialized 
on  that  feature  in  which  it  excels.  New  York's  display  demonstrates 
the  worth  of  centralized  control.  Wisconsin,  the  first  State  to  incor 
porate  motion  pictures  in  its  course  of  study,  shows  how  films  are 
used  in  teaching  civil  engineering.  Oregon  makes  her  rural  schools 
the  center  of  interest,  and  so  on  through  the  list. 

One  of  the  exhibits  here  is  a  film  course  of  study,  with  text  book 
and  graphophone,  operated  in  connection  with  it,  arranged  by  asso 
ciated  firms  doing  business  in  the  three  industries  represented. 

Films  play  an  important  part  throughout  the  Exposition,  and  their 
possibilities  for  usefulness  in  the  cause  of  education  is  fully  shown 
in  the  education  displays. 


Court  of  Palms 

California  has  featured  school  architecture  in  photographs  and 
models  and  educational  motion  pictures  showing  school  facilities  and 
activities.  The  Philippine  Islands  have  an  extensive  and  interesting 
exhibit,  showing  the  remarkable  educational  progress  of  the  islands. 

In  this  building  also  are  the  child  welfare  and  child  labor  displays^ 
made  by  the  United  States  Government. 

The  social  economy  offerings  were  so  many  and  so  worthy  that 
space  had  to  be  found  for  some  of  them  in  the  Palace  of  Mines  and 
Metallurgy,  the  Palace  of  Liberal  Arts  and  the  New  York  City  Build 
ing,  where  the  human  welfare  features  that  have  been  worked  out  by 
different  industrial  organizations  are  shown  in  operation. 

The  displays  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  Argentina,  France,  China, 
Japan  and  Cuba,  in  the  Palace  of  Education,  are  complete  and  compre 
hensive,  and  for  purposes  of  comparison  will  afford  the  student  unusual 
opportunity.  Cost  $304,263. 


COURT    OF   PALMS 

East  of  the  Palace  of  Education  and  south  of  the  Court  of  the  Four 
Seasons  is  the  Court  of  Palms,  the  fifth  and  last  of  the  principal  Expo 
sition  courts,  in  the  order  here  presented. 

The  entrance  to  the  court  is  set  off  by  two  towers,  210  feet  in  height, 
similar  to  those  at  the  entrance  to  the  Court  of  Flowers,  at  the  other 
end  of  the  main  group  of  palaces.  Like  the  latter,  the  towers  of  the 
Court  of  Palms  were  inspired  by  the  Tower  of  Geralda  at  Seville. 

The  architectural  treatment  of  the  court  is  Italian,  particularly  good 
examples  of  this  architecture  being  supplied  by  the  three  deep  portals 
leading  respectively  into  the  Palace  of  Education  on  the  west,  the 
Palace  of  Liberal  Arts  on  the  east  and  the  Court  of  the  Four  Seasons 
on  the  north. 


"The  Pursuit  of  Pleasure" 

Mural  painting  by  Charles  Holloway,  in  the  Court  of  Palms 

Encircling  the  court  is  a  colonnade  of  Ionic  columns.  The  attic 
of  the  court  is  relieved  by  a  series  of  winged  Caryatides.  Above  it  is 
a  roof  of  Spanish  tile. 

In  keeping  with  the  name  of  the  court,  rows  of  palms  in  variety 
have  been  set  out.  In  the  gardens  between  the  central  pools  and  the 
colonnades  are  also  to  be  found  specimens  of  chamerops  excelsa; 
color  being  supplied  by  wall  flowers  and  Spanish  iris. 

Sculpture. — At  the  entrance  to  the  court  is  "The  End  of  the  Trail," 
by  James  Earl  Fraser.  An  Indian  rider  and  his  pony,  buffeted  by  the 
wind,  convey  a  sense  of  utter  weariness.  The  work  may  be  interpreted 
merely  as  a  picture  of  physical  exhaustion,  or  as  symbolizing  the  tragic 
story  of  the  extinction  of  the  redman. 

At  the  tops  of  the  towers  is  the  figure  of  "The  Fairy,"  by  Carl 
Gruppe.  The  purely  architectural  features  of  the  court's  sculpture 
were  contributed  by  Calder,  Bateman  and  Weinert. 

75 


Murals. — The  Court  of  Palms  has  three  mural  paintings,  semi 
circular  in  shape,  placed  over  the  doorways  leading  into  the  Palace 
of  Liberal  Arts,  the  Palace  of  Education  and  the  Court  of  Four 
Seasons. 

The  north  panel  is  by  Arthur  Matthews,  of  San  Francisco,  and  rep 
resents  the  "Victory  of  Culture  and  the  Humanities  Over  Brute 
Force."  The  title  of  the  painting  explains  the  meaning  of  the  figures 
composing  the  work. 

The  painting  by  Charles  Holloway  is  in  the  eastern  lunette  and  is 
entitled  "The  Pursuit  of  Pleasure."  The  winged  aerial  figure  repre 
sents  "Pleasure."  The  other  nude  figures  are  mortals  engaged  in  her 
pursuit,  or  resting  from  the  pursuit. 

'Truits  and  Flowers"  is  the  title  of  the  painting  by  Childe  Hassam, 
in  the  lunette,  over  the  western  doorway.  The  fruits  and  flowers 
themselves  are  in  evidence  as  well  as  being  symbolized  by  the  chil 
dren.  The  sea  forms  the  background,  and  the  general  composition 
of  the  picture  is  in  consonance  with  the  architecture  ana  floral  decora 
tion  of  the  court. 

PALACE   OF   LIBERAL  ARTS 

The  Palace  of  Liberal  Arts  adjoins  the  Tower  of  Jewels  on  the  west. 

The  main  facade  of  this  palace,  on  the  south,  is  practically  identical 
with  that  of  the  Palace  of  Manufactures  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
tower.  Its  distinguishing  feature  is  the  massive  Spanish  Renaissance 
portal  with  its  ornamental  grill  and  archway.  Above  this  doorway  is 
repeated  the  frieze  by  Mahonri  Young,  described  in  connection  with 
the  Palace  of  Manufactures. 

Exhibits. — The  building  has  nearly  six  acres  of  floor  space,  divided 
into  fifteen  groups  representing  more  than  400  of  the  largest  domestic 
and  foreign  firms.  One-fourth  of  this  space  is  occupied  by  the  United 
States  Government;  about  one-fifth  by  the  foreign  nations,  and  the 
rest  by  domestic  exhibitors.  The  foreign  nations  exhibiting  are  Ger 
many,  Japan,  Italy,  Argentina,  Uruguay,  Portugal,  Netherlands  and 
China.  Some  of  the  products  in  the  Liberal  Arts  classification  are 
also  installed  in  Palace  of  Machinery,  Festival  Hall,  Agricultural 
Palace,  Varied  Industries  Palace,  the  Palace  of  Manufactures,  the 
Palace  of  Horticulture,  and  the  Exposition  Hospital. 

The  liberal  arts  include  the  sciences,  philosophy,  history  and  all  of 
the  applied  sciences. 

Among  the  exhibits  in  this  department  are  typography,  books  and 
publications,  including  dictionaries,  encyclopaedias,  book  binding, 
maps  and  apparatus  for  geography,  cosmography,  topography,  some 
extremely  interesting  ideas  in  maps  and  the  manufacture  of  paper. 

Then  comes  photography,  showing  all  the  latest  colored  pho 
tograph  processes,  moving  picture  machines,  equipment  of  photo 
graphic  studios,  etc.  Here  also  are  instruments  of  precision, 
philosophical  apparatus,  coins  and  medals,  surveying  instruments, 
astronomical  instruments,  telescopes,  lenses,  electrical  instruments, 
optical  instruments,  marine  glasses,  calculating  machines,  registers, 
testing  machines  of  various  description. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  features  is  that  covered  by  medicine 
and  surgery,  chemical  and  pharmacal  arts.  This  includes  everything 
pertaining  to  medical  and  surgical  instruments,  drugs,  X-ray  machines, 
foot  appliances,  artificial  limbs,  etc.,  as  well  as  all  the  chemicals  used 
for  various  purposes. 

Musical  instruments,  including  pianos,  player-pianos,  band  instru 
ments,  reed  instruments,  organs,  string  instruments,  accordions,  phono- 

76 


graphs,  talking  machines,  graphophones  and  similar  devices  are  shown. 

Perhaps  most  interesting  of  all  are  the  electrical  methods  of  com 
munication,  showing  wireless  telephones,  radio  wireless,  fire  alarm 
systems,  police  systems,  dictagraph  phones,  electrical  telegraphones, 
which  record  conversations  on  a  steel  wire,  and  the  long-distance 
telephone  system  from  New  York  to  San  Francisco.  Other  exhibits 
include  architecture,  civil  and  military  engineering,  models,  plans 
and  designs  for  public  works. 

PALACE    OF    HORTICULTURE 

This  palace,  the  most  ornate  of  the  Exposition  palaces,  marks  the 
western  limit  of  the  South  Gardens. 

Architecture. — In  general  the  architectural  arrangement  resembles 
the  Mosque  of  Ahmed  I,  in  Constantinople.  The  detail  and  orna 
mentation  are  French  Renaissance,  while  the  decorative  trellis  work  is 
similar  to  that  of  the  French  garden  architecture  of  Louis  XIV. 

The  great  glass  dome  is  182  feet  in  height  and  152  feet  in  diameter. 
The  basket  which  tops  the  dome  is  100  feet  in  circumference.  The 
lighting  of  the  dome  by  searchlights  from  within  supplies  one  of  the 
most  interesting  features  of  the  Exposition  spectacle  at  night. 

The  cost  of  the  building  was  approximately  $400,000. 

Exhibits. — The  area  beneath  the  dome  holds  a  display  of  tropical 
fruits,  flowers  and  palms  in  exquisite  arrangement,  the  choicest  offer 
ings  from  many  participating  nations  having  been  assembled  for  this 
display,  notable  among  them  being  the  Cuban  palms  and  fruit  trees. 

The  Economical  Section,  which  adjoins  the  great  dome  on  the  west, 
embraces  pomology  in  all  its  phases,  together  with  the  mechanical 
appliances  used  in  its  production  and  marketing.  All  standard  varie 
ties  of  fruits  are  shown  in  their  commercial  pack,  and  new  and 
interesting  varieties  may  also  be  seen.  The  educational  features  are 
particularly  interesting,  and  are  made  with  the  idea  of  presenting  the 
practical  handling  of  all  fruits.  The  model  cannery  shows  all  processes, 
from  the  receipt  of  the  loose  fruit  from  the  orchard  until,  as  canned 
fruit,  it  is  boxed  ready  for  delivery  to  the  grocer.  Microscopists  and 
chemists  conduct  their  laboratories  in  full  view  of  visitors,  showing 
how  they  arrive  at  their  results.  The  orange  packing  house  shows 
how  the  loose  fruit  is  received,  brushed,  labeled,  packed  and  boxed. 
The  seed-packing  establishment  shews  the  preparation  of  the  seeds 
and  how  they  are  packed  for  the  market.  The  dried  fruit  exhibits  in 
standard  commercial  packages  and  in  the  new  family  size  carton,  and 
the  raisin  seeding  and  packing  establishment  are  worthy  of  considera 
tion,  as  well  as  the  operating  exhibits  of  horticultural  machinery, 
spraying  devices,  etc. 

As  is  most  appropriate  in  the  State  where  "plant  wizardry"  first 
gained  recognition,  there  are  displays  of  many  new  varieties. 

In  the  Horticulture  Gardens,  south  and  west  of  the  palace,  which 
embrace  floriculture  and  arboriculture,  will  be  found  exhibits  illus 
trating  the  improvement  of  variety  through  seed  selection,  the  creation 
of  new  varieties  through  plant  hybridization,  and  the  origination  of 
new  species  through  the  Mendelian  theory  of  segregatio'n.  The  benefit 
of  expert  cultural  methods  will  also  be  shown,  and  an  interesting  fea 
ture  will  be  found  in  a  number  of  exhibits  which  are  made  by  the 
originators  of  a  particular  fruit  or  flower.  The  International  Rose 
Contest,  participated  in  by  the  leading  rose  originators  of  the  world, 
will  be  found  in  Block  18. 

A  description  of  the  outdoor  horticulture  exhibits  will  be  found 
under  the  head  of  "Gardens"  in  this  Guide. 

77 


LIVE  STOCK  SECTION. 

The  Department  of  Live  Stock  occupies  sixty-five  acres  west  of 
the  State  Buildings. 

The  buildings  for  housing  the  exhibits  in  this  department  and  for  its 
executive  offices  number  fifteen,  and  were  erected  at  a  cost  of  $150,000, 
exclusive  of  the  cost  of  the  mile  race  track.  These  buildings  are 
grouped  about  the  central  forum  or  judging  ring  in  such  a  manner  that 
animals  may  be  led  directly  from  their  stalls  into  the  arena.  The  ca 
pacity  of  the  buildings  is  such  that  more  animals  are  accommodated  in 
fewer  buildings  than  at  previous  Expositions.  These  buildings  are  at 
tractive  in  design  and  have  been  built  for  exhibition  purposes  and  not 
on  the  lines  of  the  farm  utility  plan  formerly  used. 

The  executive  offices  have  been  built  in  bungalow  form  fronting  the 
Congress  Hall.  This  hall  is  provided  as  a  meeting-place  for  forty-six 
live  stock  associations  which  will  hold  meetings  and  congresses  during 
the  Exposition  period.  It  is  equipped  with  a  moving  picture  apparatus 
showing  scenes  taken  from  the  live  stock  and  agricultural  activities 
of  different  countries. 

A  model  modern  barn  has  been  constructed  especially  for  dairy 
cattle.  Adjacent  to  the  dairy  cattle  barn  are  eight  silos  of  different 
types  of  manufacture,  erected  as  containers  for  corn  and  other  silage 
to  be  used  in  connection  with  the  feeding  problems  relating  to  dairy 
production. 

Live  Stock  Events. — Many  contests  and  special  events  have  been 
provided  for  in  the  Live  Stock  section.  The  International  Egg  Laying 
Contest  participated  in  by  six  hundred  hens  of  different  breeds  and 
representing  a  number  of  Canadian  Provinces  and  different  sections 
of  Great  Britain  in  addition  to  many  States  of  the  Union,  will  continue 
for  one  year  following  November  23rd,  1914;  the  Polo  Tournament  of 
six  weeks'  duration,  on  a  specially  prepared  field  located  within  the 
infield  of  the  Race  Track;  a  special  Society  Horse  Show,  in 
which  liberal  cash  prizes  and  trophies  are  offered,  will  be 
held  beginning  October  2nd;  Cavalry  events  with  suitable 
trophies  for  officers  and  cash  prizes  for  enlisted  men;  sheep  dog 
trials;  police  dog  trials,  and  other  various  events  of  interest 
to  the  dog  lover;  a  sheep-shearing  contest,  and  wool-grading  contest. 
A  harness  meeting  will  be  held  on  October  30th  to  November  13th,  for 
a  total  of  $227,000  in  purses  and  stakes  with  four  races  of  $20,000  each. 

Exhibits. — The  competition  for  premiums  on  recognized  breeds  of 
Live  Stock  will  begin  on  September  30th  and  close  on  December  3rd. 

In  addition  to  the  provisions  made  for  the  competition  for  premiums 
there  are  maintained  in  the  barns  of  the  Department  of  Live  Stock  a 
number  of  animals  representing  different  breeds  and  also  utility  ani 
mals,  and  these  are  for  a  permanent  or  educational  exhibit. 

Among  the  horses  the  Percherons,  Shires,  Arabians,  thoroughbreds 
and  standard  breds  are  represented  by  excellent  individuals.  Holstein- 
Friesian  cattle  are  displayed  for  both  breed  characteristics  and  their 
utility  value.  The  American  Berkshire  Association  maintains  a  herd 
of  well-selected  Berkshire  swine  of  both  sexes  and  different  ages  in 
order  that  interested  parties  may  see  the  development  of  these 
animals. 

In  the  corrals  of  the  department  is  installed  one  of  the  most  valu 
able  educational  exhibits  in  the  display  of  a  utility  herd  of  beef  pro- 

78 


ducing  animals.  Shorthorns,  Aberdeen-Angus  and  Herefords  are 
shown  in  order  that  the  type  and  characteristics  of  these  several  breeds 
may  be  studied,  while  in  contrast  with  them  may  be  seen  American 
"Natives"  and  Mexicans  of  no  breeding  and  of  small  utility  value. 
There  is  also  maintained  a  utility  show  of  sheep. 

A  large  display  of  dogs  of  all  nations  occupies  the  space  devoted  to 
this  purpose,  and  this  will  be  supplemented  by  a  series  of  sheep  dog 
trials,  police  dog  trials  and  other  exhibitions  showing  the  utility  value 
of  the  dog  as  well  as  his  training. 

In  the  Poultry  Building,  in  addition  to  the  International  Egg  Laying 
contest,  are  numerous  varieties  of  poultry  showing  the  result  of  the 
breeder's  art.  These  birds  are  bred  not  for  egg  production  so  much  as 
for  breeding  purposes. 

In  the  same  building  may  be  found  several  varieties  of  pheasants, 
varieties  of  Bantams,  a  pigeon  exhibit,  the  curious  Japanese  Bantams 
or  Silkies,  and  the  wonderful  long-tailed  Japanese  fowl,  one  of  which 
has  tail  feathers  measuring  nearly  twelve  feet  in  length,  and  about 
1,000  pigeons  of  different  varieties.  Daily  instruction  is  given  in  this 
building  in  the  methods  of  handling  poultry,  pigeons  and  pheasants, 
as  well  as  in  the  candling  of  eggs. 

In  a  specially  prepared  home  in  the  poultry  building  is  housed  a 
number  of  racing  homing  pigeons,  which  are  in  training  for  long  dis 
tance  speed  races  to  take  place  this  Fall. 

VIEWS  AND  VISTAS  OF  TI}E  EXPOSITION. 

One  of  the  most  beautiful  features  of  the  Exposition  and  one  that 
came  as  a  surprise  with  the  completion  of  the  Palaces  and  Courts  is  the 
beauty  of  the  classic  vistas  that  were  presented  with  the  waters  of  San 
Francisco  Bay  and  the  Marin  County  hills  as  a  background,  and  the 
colonnades  of  the  Courts  as  a  frame  for  the  pictures. 

Following  locations  afford  the  most  advantageous  views: 

From  either  end,  looking  along  the  Avenue  of  Palms. 

From  the  North  side  of  the  Court  of  The  Ages  (Abundance),  looking 
North  across  the  Bay. 

From  the  South-  side  of  the  Court  of  the  Universe,  looking  North 
across  the  Bay.  Angel  Island  in  the  distance. 

From  the  center  of  the  Court  of  the  Universe,  looking  South  throu^L 
the  arch  of  the  Tower  of  Jewels  toward  the  hills  of  the  city. 

From  the  North  side  of  the  Court  of  the  Four  Seasons,  looking 
North  across  the  Bay.  Belvedere  in  the  distance. 

From  the  North  side  of  the  Court  of  The  Four  Seasons,  looking 
South  through  the  doorway  in  the  great  half  dome  at  its  Southern 
side,  which  reveals  the  equestrian  statue  "The  End  of  the  Trail,"  with  a 
portion  of  the  Palace  of  Horticulture  framed  in  the  background. 

From  the  South  Gardens  through  the  arch  of  the  Tower  of  Jewels 
to  the  North  across  the  Court  of  the  Universe.  Note  how  the  blue 
of  mural  paintings  by  Dodge,  on  the  sides  of  the  arch,  match  the  blue 
of  the  sky  on  a  clear  day. 

From  the  juncture  of  the  Avenue  of  Palms  and  the  Avenue  of  Pro 
gress,  looking  North.  Angel  Island  is  seen  across  the  Bay. 

Through  the  Marin  County  Display  in  the  California  Building. 

From  the  South  side  of  the  Court  of  Palms,  looking  North  through 
the  Court  of  the  Four  Seasons  toward  the  Bay. 

Some  of  the  best  views  of  the  Exposition  are  afforded  from  the  hills 
of  the  city  to  the  South.  A  climb  to  the  Presidio  hills,  back  of  the 
Foreign  section,  will  be  rewarded  with  a  magnificent  sweep  of  the 
Exposition. 


State  and  Foreign  Buildings  and  Participation. 

Twenty-eight  States  and  Territories  of  the  United  States  and  twen 
ty-two  foreign  nations  are  represented  at  the  Exposition  by  buildings. 
Other  States  and  foreign  countries  are  participating  in  the  Expo 
sition  either  officially  through  their  respective  governments  or  unoffi 
cially  through  manufacturers,  merchants  or  individuals,  and  will  be 
found  represented  only  in  the  exhibit  palaces. 

It  is  a  notable  fact  that  the  general  participation  in  the  Exposition 
was  not  diminished  by  the  European  war,  on  the  contrary,  in  a  number 
of  instances — notably  in  the  cases  of  Argentina,  France,  and  Japan 
— the  extent  of  participation  was  considerably  increased  after  the 
war  commenced. 

The  United  States  has  erected  no  building  of  its  own,  but  has  ex 
pended  more  than  $500,000  in  presenting  the  largest  single  display  of 
any  Nation  at  any  Exposition.  This  is  distributed  among  the  several 
Palaces. 

Detailed  lists  of  exhibitors  will  be  found  in  the  Official  Catalogue  of 
Exhibits. 

The  area  devoted  to  the  State  and  Foreign  Buildings  is  West  of 
the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts  and  East  of  the  Live  Stock  Section. 

(See  map  under  front  cover.) 

NATIONS  REPRESENTED. 

The  following  Nations  are  represented  at  the  Exposition:  Argentina, 
Austria,  Australia,  Bolivia,  Belgium,  Canada,  Cuba,  China,  Denmark, 
France,  Greece,  Guatemala,  Great  Britain,  Germany,  Honduras,  Hol 
land,  Italy,  India,  Japan,  Luxemberg,  New  Zealand,  Norway,  Panama, 
Persia,  Portugal,  Sweden,  Switzerland,  Siam,  Spain,  Turkey,  Uruguay. 

The  State  and  Foreign  Pavilions  are  open  from  9:00  A.  M.  to 
5:00  P.  M. 

Brief  descriptions  of  the  interesting  exterior  and  interior  features  of 
the  several  buildings  that  ornament  the  State  and  Foreign  Section, 
and  an  outline  of'  the  participation  of  each  of  the  States  and  Nations, 
follow: 

Argentine. — On  the  Esplanade  directly  to  the  West  of  the  Nether 
lands  Building  is  the  Argentine  Pavilion,  one  of  the  handsomest 
structures  on  the  Exposition  grounds.  The  style  of  the  architecture 
is  French  Renaissance.  Within  its  walls  and  directly  in  the  center 
of  the  building  is  a  spacious  motion  picture  theater  where  lectures 
with  film  pictures,  relating  to  the  various  sections  of  the  Argentine 
Republic  and  their  resources  are  given  daily  by  representatives  of 
that  great  country. 

On  the  lower  floor  are  various  reception  rooms,  and  surrounding  the 
theater  on  both  the  upper  and  lower  floors,  are  a  number  of  diaramas. 
These  show  the  natural  beauties  of  the  rich  country  and  the  social  and 
commercial  importance  of  Buenos  Aires. 

The  earnestness  with  which  Argentina  entered  into  the  spirit  of  the 
Exposition  can  be  realized  when  it  is  recited  that  the  government  ap 
propriated  $1,700,000  for  its  participation.  More  than  5,000  exhibits 
have  been  installed  in  the  pavilion  and  the  various  exhibit  Palaces. 

The  Argentine  Republic  exports  more  chilled  meat  and  more  corn 
than  any  other  Nation,  in  wheat  she  is  second  only  to  Russia,  and  in 

80 


wool  second  only  to  Australia.  Particular  attention  has  been  paid  to 
cattle  and  sheep,  which  form  a  large  part  of  the  country's  live  stock 
exhibit.  The  tremendous  diversity  of  agricultural  life  is  displayed  by 
Argentina's  farmers  in  more  than  9,000  square  feet  of  floor  space  in  the 
Palace  of  Agriculture.  This  is  devoted  mainly  to  the  exhibits  of  corn 
and  wheat. 

A  large  space  in  the  Palace  of  Education  has  been  devoted  to  the 
exhibits  showing  marked  activity  and  progress  in  social  economy.  Ar 
gentina's  system  of  compulsory  voting,  management  of  government- 
owned  railways,  tram  systems,  parcel  post  and  other  public  utilities 
are  also  shown  in  this  Palace.  In  addition  are  shown  model  schools 
for  which  the  Government  last  year  appropriated  $60,000,000.  Immi- 


Argentine  Building 

gration  and  the  paternal  treatment  of  immigrants  is  the  subject  of 
a  special  exhibit.  Under  this  system  immigrants  are  treated  on  ar 
rival  as  Government  guests  and  lodged  in  the  Government  hotels  until 
they  can  be  placed  in  trade  or  at  the  labor  for  which  each  is  best 
suited.  After  being  properly  classified  they  are  given  employment, 
transported  to  their  destination  free  of  charge  and  in  many  instances 
are  provided  with  land,  stock  and  agricultural  implements,  for  which 
payments  are  made  in  small  yearly  installments. 

More  than  6,000  square  feet  of  floor  space  has  been  utilized  by  Ar 
gentina  in  the  Palace  of  Mines,  where  are  exhibited  many  minerals  in 
which  the  soil  of  that  country  is  rich.  In  the  Palace  of  Varied  In 
dustries  a  similar  amount  of  space  is  devoted  to  the  various  manufac 
tured  products  in  which  the  country  specializes. 

A  fortune  in  paintings,  sculpture,  bronzes  and  art  work  of  the  highest 
order  are  exhibited  in  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts. 

81 


The  Exposition  Commission  of  Argentine  was  selected  from  pro 
gressive  and  representative  citizens  of  that  country  and  these  commis 
sioners  held  weekly  sessions  for  more  than  a  year  at  which  the  sub 
ject  matter  of  exhibits  was  thoroughly  discussed.  This  has  caused  the 
Argentine  exhibits  to  be  of  a  most  comprehensive  range  and  excelled 
by  no  other  nation. 

Australia. — The  Australian  Pavilion  adjoins  the  Presidio  entrance 
to  the  Exposition  at  the  terminal  station  of  the  Union  Street  cars. 
Each  of  the  three  entrances  is  adorned  with  ornamental  panels  illus 
trating  the  flora  and  fauna  of  Australia. 

The  exhibits  are  entirely  representative  of  the  natural  resources  and 
primary  products  of  Australia,  which  have  been  displayed  with  a  well 
carried  out  intention  of  allowing  everything  to  be  seen  in  the  form  in 
which  it  takes  its  place  in  the  commerce  of  the  country  and  of  the 
world.  Agricultural  and  pastoral  industries,  timber  in  the  rough  and 
manufactured,  every  sort  of  mineral  and  a  valuable  collection  of  gems, 
including  the  famous  New  South  Wales  black  opals,  a  large  assortment 
of  refrigerated  produce  and  fruit,  and  a  valuable  lot  of  aboriginal  and 
other  curios  are  embraced  in  the  collection. 

Bolivia. — The  architectural  features  of  the  Bolivian  Building,  near 
the  center  of  the  Avenue  of  Nations,  are  symbolical  of  the  history  of 
Bolivia.  The  pylons  at  the  entrance  reproduce  two  monoliths  found 
in  the  Tihuanacu  ruins.  Near  the  top  of  the  monoliths  the  god  Vira- 
cocha  is  shown,  crowned  and  sceptered.  The  doorway  is  a  copy  of 
the  great  doorway  of  the  church  at  San  Lorenzo,  in  Potosi. 

Within  the  building  is  a  great  courtyard  modeled  after  the  patio  of 
the  Casa  Real  de  Moneda,  the  ancient  Mint  of  Potosi.  In  the  court  is 
a  model  of  the  fountain  still  standing  in  the  Mint.  In  the  rooms  sur 
rounding  the  courts  are  exhibits  of  Bolivian  wines,  mineral  waters, 
embroideries  and  agricultural  products.  The  walls  of  the  rooms  are 
adorned  with  skins  of  alpaca,  llama,  vicuna  and  jaguar. 

One  room  is  devoted  to  food  products,  Bolivian  timber  and  the 
cloths  woven  by  Bolivian  Indians. 

Canada. — The  architecture  of  the  Canadian  Building  is  a  combina 
tion  of  the  Neo-Greek  and  Colonial  styles.  The  main  entrance  dis 
closes  a  lobby,  splendidly  decorated.  The  first  recess  to  the  left  con 
tains  a  large  panoramic  map  of  Canada  and  relief  models  of  the 
water-powers  of  the  country.  Then  comes  the  several  sections  com 
prising  agriculture,  horticultural,  minerals,  fish  and  game,  water  and 
railroad  transportation. 

China. — China,  like  Japan,  has  erected  a-  group  of  buildings  rather 
than  a  single  structure  for  her  representation  at  the  Exposition.  These 
are  enclosed  by  a  miniature  of  the  Great  Chinese  Wall  and  are 
separated  by  Chinese  gardens.  The  trees  and  shrubbery  were  brought 
from  China,  as  were  the  sections  of  the  buildings  which  were  assem 
bled  and  erected  on  the  grounds.  Some  of  the  dwarf  trees  in  the 
gardens  are  hundreds  of  years  old. 

The  group  reproduces  a  portion  of  the  Forbidden  City  of  Peking. 
The  center  pavilion  is  an  exact  model  of  the  Tai-Ho  Palace,  built  in 
the  Tsing  Dynasty,  and  now  used  by  the  President  for  the  reception 
of  all  foreign  diplomats. 

The  two  pavilions  at  the  side  are  modeled  from  the  so-called  "Pen 
Palace"  which  serves,  in  Peking,  as  a  waiting  room  for  high  officials 
who  have  audiences  with  the  President. 

82 


One  of  the  Chinese  Buildings  (top),  the  Cuban  Building, 
the  Norwegian  Building,  the  Danish  Building,  and  a  corner 
of  the  Japanese  Gardens  (bottom). 

83 


Within  the  pavilions  are  almost  priceless  collections  of  hand  carved 
furniture,  carved  woods,  paintings,  screens,  cloisonne  ware  and  objects 
of  Chinese  art. 

The  Chinese  exhibits  proper  are-  distributed  among  the  Palaces  of 
Varied  Industries,  Fine  Arts,  Liberal  Arts,  Mines,  Food  Products, 
Transportation  and  Education. 

Cuba.— The  Cuban  Building  is  typical  of  the  palatial  hacienda-s  of 
the  Cuban  plantations.  The  structure  may  be  readily  distinguished 
by  its  pinkish  color  and  high  square  tower  that  terminates  the  West 
ern  vista  along  the  Avenue  of  Palms. 

Within  the  building  is  a  spacious  patio  decorated  with  potted  plants 
and  native  Cuban  shrubbery.  A  portion  of  the  first  floor  is  given  over 
to  the  educational  and  industrial  exhibits  for  which  there  was  insuffi 
cient  room  in  the  Palace  of  Education  and  the  Palace  of  Varied  In 
dustries.  The  building  is  intended,  however,  more  for  reception  than 
exhibit  purposes. 

Denmark.— The  Danish  Building  has  been  erected  by  the  Danish- 
Americans.  The  motifs  used  are  mostly  taken  from  Danish  castles 
of  the  Renaissance  period.  The  interior  is  furnished  as  a  modern  rich 
Danish  home,  with  costly  furniture  and  paintings  borrowed  from  the 
National  Museum  of  Art  at  Copenhagen.  Of  special  interest  is  a 
copy  of  the  famous  Icelandic  Legend  accounting  for  the  first  dis 
covery  of  America  by  the  Icelanders. 

On  either  side  of  the  entrance  a  large  stone  has  been  placed.  The 
left  is  a  copy  of  the  memorial  stone  which  King  Harald  placed  on  the 
grave  of  his  father,  King  Gorm,  the  first  historical  King  of  Denmark 
and  his  mother,  Queen  Thyra. 

The  stone  on  the  right  side  explains  that  the  Danish-Americans 
have  erected  the  Denmark  Building. 

France. — Located  on  the  Avenue  of  the  Nations,  immediately  to 
the  West  of  the  Japanese  Gardens,  is  the  French  Building.  The  struc 
ture  is  a  reproduction  of  the  Palais  de  la-  Legion  d'Honneur,  in  Paris. 

The  building  fronts  upon  a  spacious  garden  and  contains  some  of 
the  most  interesting  exhibits  and  relics  that  could  be  collected  in 
France.  Gobelin  tapestries  and  goods  belonging  to  the  Mobilier  Na 
tional  are  shown,  as  are  exhibits  of  the  French  Theater,  showing  mod 
els  of  the  leading  actors  and  actresses. 

One  room  contains  souvenirs  of  Balzac,  Victor  Hugo  and  Renan, 
while  another  contains  exhibits  of  architecture.  One  room  is  given 
over  completely  to  a  library  of  modern  French  literature  especially 
selected  for  the  American  public.  There  are  also  large  exhibits  of 
French  railroad  companies,  showing  scenic  points  of  France.  Dresses, 
earthenware,  jewels  and  porcelains  are  shown  by  private  exhibitors. 

Part  of  the  French  Building  has  been  assigned  to  Belgium,  and  con 
tains  interesting  exhibits  of  old  and  modern  laces. 

Greece.— The  Greek  Building,  located  just  within  the  Presidio  en 
trance,  was  constructed  after  the  Exposition  opened.  The  structure 
is  typical,  architecturally,  of  the  country  it  represents,  and  is  well 
set  off  with  terraced  gardens.  The  main  feature  of  the  interior  of 
the  building  is  the  sculpture  gallery,  occupying  most  of  the  main  floor 
space,  where  is  to  be  seen  a  magnificent  showing  of  ancient  and 
modern  Greek  works  of  art. 


84 


Guatemala. — The  Gautemala  Pavilion  is  located  to  the  West  of  the 
Inside  Inn.  near  the  Baker  Street  entrance.  The  building  is  charac 
teristic  of  the  architecture  of  Guatemala,  the  details  having  been 
suggested  by  the  Palace  of  "La  Reforma"  in  the  City  of  Guatemala. 
The  interior  of  the  building  is  divided  into  two  sections.  The  first 
lioor  is  used  for  receptions  and  moving  pictures.  The  second  floor  is 
devoted  entirely  to  exhibits. 

Honduras. — The  Honduras  Building  is  situated  near  the  Southern 
boundary  of  the  Foreign  section  of  the  grounds,  between  the  Lyon 
Street  entrance  and  the  Presidio  entrance. 

Among  the  exhibits  particular  attention  is  given  to  the  mineral  and 
timber  resources  of  the  Republic,  and  there  are  also  displays  of  pre 
cious  stones,  fruits,  medicinal  plants,  sugar,  alcohol,  wines,  coffee, 
rubber,  sarsaparilla  and  the  like. 

Italy. — A  group  of  eight  buildings  represents  the  Kingdom  of  Italy. 
Three  of  the  group  are  considered  the  main  buildings,  yet  all  of  them 
contain  exhibits  of  interest.  None  of  the  buildings  is  modeled  from 
any  particular  structure,  but  the -architect  has  undertaken  to  show  the 
characteristic  Italian  architecture  of  the  13th,  15th,  and  16th  centuries. 

The  exhibits  are  mainly  artistic,  including  painting,  sculptures, 
tapestry  and  furniture,  although  the  Italian  Government  is  well  rep 
resented  with  an  industrial  and  educational  exhibit.  Other  Italian  ex 
hibits  will  be  found  in  the  several  Exhibit  Palaces. 

Japan. — Japan  has  built  a  series  of  characteristic  structures  sur 
rounded  by  four  acres  of  gardens,  just  to  the  West  of  the  Band  Con 
course.  Here  are  tea  houses  and  exhibit  buildings  containing  a 
reproduction  of  the  Nikko  Shrines  and  a  tableau  illustrating  the  seri- 
cultural  industry  of  Japan  and  the  Government  Pavilion  for  the  use 
of  His  Imperial  Japanese  Majesty's  Commission  to  the  Exposition. 

The  gardens  consist  of  shrubs  and  plants  brought  across  the  Pacific 
especially  for  the  Exposition. 

Interesting  as  the  Japanese  gardens  and  pavilions  are,  they  consti 
tute  the  minor  portion  of  the  country's  participation  in  the  Exposi 
tion,  very  extensive  exhibits  having  been  installed  in  the  Exposition 
Palaces  of  Manufactures,  Agricultural,  Food  Products,  Mines  and 
Metallurgy,  Liberal  Arts,  Education  and  Social  Economy,  Transpor 
tation  and  Fine  Arts.  The  exhibit  in  the  last  mentioned  palace  in 
cludes  many  objects  loaned  from  the  Emperor's  private  collection. 

The  Netherlands. — Immediately  West  of  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts 
is  the  Netherlands  Pavilion,  which  is  modeled  after  one  of  the  historic 
manor-houses  of  Holland. 

The  exhibit  section  of  the  building  is  divided  into  three  parts, 
namely:  A. — The  Netherlands  division.  B. — The  West  Indies  division, 
which  is  devoted  to  Curacao  and  Suriname.  C. — The  East  Indies  di 
vision,  which  is  devoted  to  the  different  possessions  of  the  Nether 
lands  in  the  East  Indies. 

In  the  rear  is  located  a  "Java  Tea  Room." 

In  addition  the  Netherlands  have  separate  exhibits  in  the  Palaces  of 
Fine  Arts,  Pure  Foods,  Varied  Industries,  Transportation,  and  Liberal 
Arts,  besides  having  a  magnificent  horticultural  display  in  the  "Neth 
erlands  Gardens,"  situated  at  the  Baker  Street  entrance  of  the  Expo 
sition  grounds,  opposite  the  Inside  Inn. 

85 


New  Zealand. — The  New  Zealand  Pavilion  is  situated  to  the  South 
of  the  Avenue  of  Nations. 

Within  the  building  a  large  number  of  plants  indigenous  to  New 
Zealand  are  displayed. 

There  are  also  displayed  the  woolen  shawls  or  rugs  in  which  New 
Zealand  is  pre-eminent,  the  wool  from  which  these  rugs  are  manu 
factured,  prepared  food  products,  resins,  woods  suitable  for  furniture 
and  cabinet  work,  specimens  of  the  birds,  pictures  illustrative  of 
scenery  and  of  developments  in  argiculture,  shooting  trophies,  and 
specimens  of  the  Tuatara  Lizards,  the  living  representatives  of  a  rep 
tilian  family  extinct  in  other  countries. 

The  participation  of  New  Zealand  is  principally  associated  with 
primary  products.  For  this  reason  the  main  display  is  in  the  Palace 
of  Agriculture. 


Siamese  Building 

Reproduction  of  royal  pavilion  at  Bangkok 


Norway. — The  Pavilion  of  Norway  is  situated  near  the  Presidio 
entrance,  and  is  typically  Norwegian  in  design  and  appointment. 

While  the  building  does  not  reproduce  any  particular  edifice  in 
Norway,  it  may  be  said  to  represent  in  its  general  features  a  Chiefs 
Castle  in  the  middle  ages. 

The  exhibits  show  Norway's  shipping  and  industrial  activities,  the 
progress  of  the  former  being  impressively  set  forth  with  models  of  the 
different  types  of  vessels,  from  the  Viking  period  to  the  present  day. 

In  the  assembly  room  there  are  shown  motion  pictures  of  Nor 
wegian  industries,  scenery  and  sports. 

86 


Panama. — Located  to  the  West  of  the  Inside  Inn,  in  the  Southern 
portion  of  the  foreign  area  is  the  Panama*  Building.  The  structure  is 
of  characteristic  Spanish-American  architecture  and  contains  a  number 
of  representative  exhibits.  The  building  is  also  used  as  reception 
headquarters. 

Portugal. — The  Portuguese  Pavilion  is  one  of  the  most  distinctive 
of  the  edifices  in  the  State  and  Foreign  Section.  The  architecture  is 
of  the  "Manuelino  Style,"  being  characteristic  of  the  golden  age  of 
Portuguese  exploration  and  discovery,  during  which  period  many  of 
the  famous  Portuguese  cathedrals  were  erected. 

Within  are  to  be  found  many  objects  of  historical  interest,  while  the 
main  hall  is  given  over  to  enlarged  photographs  and  views  of  build 
ings  and  scenes  in  Portugal.  Elaborate  displays  are  made  by  this 
Republic  in  the  Palaces  of  Fine  Arts,  Varied  Industries  and  Liberal 
Arts. 

Siam. — Siam  is  represented  at  the  Exposition  by  an  exact  copy  of 
the  royal  pavilion  now  within  the  precincts  of  the  Maha  Chakkri 
Palace  at  the  capital  of  the  kingdom.  The  structure  was  erected  in 
Siam,  "knocked  down"  and  brought  to  the  Exposition  in  boxed  sec 
tions.  Siamese  art,  with  its  originality  of  design  and  beautiful  coloring, 
is  well  displayed  by  this  building.  The  exhibits  within  the  pavilion  com 
prise  a  series  illustrating  the  educational  progress  of  the  country, 
samples  of  its  staples  such  as  rice,  timber,  cotton,  gums,  silk  fabrics, 
rubber,  tobacco,  dyes,  tannins,  spices,  fibres,  paper  plants  and  speci 
mens  of  mineral  ores,  as  well  as  examples  of  craftsmanship  in  silver 
and  lacquer. 

The  transportation  system  of  the  country  with  its  600  miles  of  rail 
road  and  400  miles  of  cart  road,  as  well  as  picturesque  customs  in  the 
life  of  the  country's  people,  are  also  shown  within  the  building.  In 
the  preparation  of  the  country's  exhibit  active  interest  was  manifested 
by  the  sovereign,  King  Somdetch  Phra  Paramindra  Maha  Vajira- 
wudh  Mongut  Klao,  son  of  the  famous  King  Chulalongkorn. 

Sweden. — The  Swedish  Building,  located  on  the  South  side  of  the 
Avenue  of  Nations,  js  of  distinctive  Swedish  architecture  of  the  Fif 
teenth  Century.  The  building,  which  was  designed  by  Ferdinand 
Boberg,  constitutes  one  of  the  most  striking  and  interesting  features 
of  the  Exposition.  Its  principal  distinguishing  features  are  the  great 
square  tower,  the  parti-colored  roof  and  the  court  yard.  The  roof 
furnishes  a  pleasing  note  of  variety  in  the  architectural  mosaic  of  the 
structures  that  compose  the  Foreign  Section  of  the  Exposition. 

Entering  the  building  one  finds  a  wealth  of  exhibits  representing 
every  important  industry  of  the  nation.  To  the  right  of  the  entrance 
to  the  portico  are  the  ofHces  of  the  Swedish  Commissioners  and  the 
general  information  bureau.  On  the  right  side  of  the  main  hall  a 
number  of  models  of  the  railway  systems  of  Sweden.  On  the  left  is 
the  Navigation  exhibit,  illustrating  the  remarkable  pilotage  and  marine 
signal  system,  which  makes  safe  the  navigation  of  Sweden's  many 
miles  of  rugged  coast. 

Extending  the  entire  length  of  the  right  side  of  the  building  are  a 
series  of  rooms  containing  the  following  exhibits:  varied  industries, 
steel  products,  cutlery,  agriculture,  wood  products  and  statistics.  To 
the  left  of  the  entrance  and  behind  the  Navigation  exhibit  are  the 
rooms  devoted  to  sports  and  education.  A  spacious  lecture  hall  forms 
a  part  of  the  extreme  left  side  of  the  building,  and  in  the  immediate 
front  of  this  portion  arc  the  social  rooms  and  the  rooms  devoted  to 
art  craft  and  porcelain. 

87 


In  the  rear  of  the  main  hall,  which  is  in  the  center  of  the  building, 
is  the  exhibit  of  the  Nobel  Foundation  This  consists  of  a  number  of 
bronze  busts  of  Swedish  notables,  and  some  of  the  winners  of  the 
prizes  given  by  the  Foundation.  A  series  of  photographs  completes 
this  display. 

Five  Nobel  prizes,  each  amounting  to  many  thousands  of  dollars, 
are  awarded  annually  to  the  individuals  who  have  made  the  most  dis 
tinguished  contributions  to  physics,  chemistry,  medicine,  literature  and 
towards  the  furtherance  of  peace.  This  Foundation  is  one  of  the 
strongest  single  influences  in  the  world  for  mankind's  progress. 


Swedish    Building 


The  Swedish  display  was  assembled  by  the  Royal  Swedish  Exposi 
tion  Commission.  Its  general  purpose  is  to  show  the  economic  and 
social  institutions  of  the  country,  the  activities  of  the  Royal  Govern 
ment  in  such  directions  as  the  management  of  the  State  railroads  and 
the  administration  of  water  power  stations,  as  well  as  to  exhibit  the 
commercial  activities  and  resources  of  Sweden.  The  principal  exhib 
its  are  accompanied  by  profuse  illustrations  in  the  shape  of  models, 
maps,  photographs  and  statistics.  One  of  the  most  comprehensive 
exhibits  is  devoted  to  the  steel  industry  of  the  country,  and  is  accom 
panied  by  a  quantity  of  industrial  machinery  and  various  steel  pro 
ducts. 

The  Swedish  exhibit  is  a  thorough  and  comprehensive  display  of  the 
country's  interesting  features.  Its  value  as  an  Exposition  spectacle 
is  further  enhanced  by  the  fact  that  it  is  all  contained  beneath  the 
roof  of  one  spacious  building.  The  one  exception  to  this  plan  was 

88 


made  in  the  case  of  the  Art  exhibit,  which  is  to  be  found  in  the 
foreign  section  of  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts.  Here  is  to  be  seen  a  splen 
did  collection  of  the  works  of  Swedish  artists. 

Particular  attention  is  paid  by  the  Swedish  commission  to  the  free 
distribution  of  free  trade  information.  A  bureau  is  maintained  for  the 
purpose  where  any  inquiry  regarding  the  commercial  relations  be 
tween  Sweden  and  other  countries,  with  particular  reference  to  the 
United  States  and  the  Pacific  Coast,  will  find  ready  answers. 

Turkey. — The  Ottoman  Empire  has  erected  a  typical  .Turkish  Pa 
vilion  at  the  Exposition  with  characteristic  dome,  minarets  and  spires. 
It  stands  just  to  the  West  of  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts. 

Adjoining  the  main  building  is  a  reproduction  of  a  mosque,  from 
which  a  corridor  leads  to  the  "prayer  tower." 

The  display  within  the  building  is  one  of  the  most  costly  at  the 
Exposition,  the  actual  value  of  the  exhibits  being  more  than  $1,500,000. 
The  display  consists  of  rugs,  paintings,  silks,  jewels,  carvings,  and  a 
wealth  of  Oriental  objets  d'art.  Altogether  the  display  is  the  most 
extensive  that  has  ever  been  made  of  Oriental  fabrics  outside  of  the 
Turkish  Empire. 

Participating  Foreign  Nations  Not  Represented  by  Buildings: 

(Austria,  Belgium,  Germany,  Great  Britain,  India,  Luxemberg,  Per 
sia,  Spain,  Switzerland,  Uruguay.) 

Austria. — The  war  has  not  deterred  Austria  from  a  general  repre 
sentation  of  manufactures  in  the  Palace  of  Varied  Industries.  Glass 
ware,  arts  and  crafts,  and  the  finer  manufactured  articles  will  be 
found  among  the  Austrian  exhibits,  as  well  as  a  notable  collection  of 
paintings  in  the  Fine  Arts  Palace. 

Balkan  States. — Industries,  native  customs  and  huts,  the  famous 
Royal  China  Crystal  Set;  also  a  reproduction  of  the  Church  of 
Bucharest,  where  the  Treaty  of  Peace,  after  the  Balkan  States  War, 
was  signed  August,  1913,  are  on  display  at  this  exhibit  in  the  Palace 
of  Varied  Industries. 

Belgium. — Displays  by  Belgium  will  be  found  in  the  reproduction 
of  the  Palace  of  the  Legion  of  Honor,  France  having  offered  to  the 
war-invested  nation  the  use  of  space  in  the  French  National  Pavilion. 
Famous  canvases  from  Belgium  will  be  found  in  the  Palace  of  Fine 
Arts. 

Germany. — Germany  will  be  found  particularly  well  represented  in 
the  Liberal  Arts  Palace  with  the  finer  products  of  manufactures  and 
in  chemicals,  dye  stuffs  and  photographic  improvements.  Germany  is 
also  well  represented  in  the  Palace  of  Varied  Industries  and  Food 
Products,  while  German  art  is  splendidly  revealed  in  the  work  of 
forty  German  artists  in  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts. 

In  the  Palace  of  Liberal  Arts  Germany  has  an  exhibit  of  mesotho- 
rium  that  is  at  once  the  smallest  and  the  most  valuable  exhibit  at  the 
Exposition.  This  specimen  of  the  newest  derivative  of  radium  is 
valued  at  $300,000. 

Germany's  participation  in  the  Exposition  is  unofficial. 

Great  Britain.— Great  Britain  is  not  participating  officially  in  the 
Exposition,  but  through  her  manufacturers  she  is  represented  by  large 
areas  in  the  various  Exhibit  Palaces.  One  of  the  chief  exhibits  is  to 
be  found  in  the  Palace  of  Transportation,  where  especial  attention  is 
given  to  her  maritime  interests.  Potteries,  Sheffield  ware,  textiles, 
and  numerous  industrial  products  are  shown  in  the  Palace  of  Manu 
factures;  foodstuffs  in  the  Palace  of  Food  Products,  and  an  extensive 
showing  of  fine  arts,  including  forty  Whistler  paintings,  in  the  Palace 
of  Fine  Arts. 


Nearly  all  of  the  important  British  possessions  are  represented  of 
ficially,  and  details  of  their  participation  will  be  found  under  tht 
proper  headings  in  this  guide. 

India. — India's  participation,  while  not  official,  is  typical  of  the  life 
and  manners  of  this  great  British  dependency;  antiques,  jewels,  silks 
and  tapestries  being  found  on  exhibition  in  the  Palace  of  Varied 
Industries. 

Luxemberg. — The  Duchy  of  Luxemberg  is  represented  at  the  Ex 
position  by  a  number  of  exhibits  of  perfumes,  jewelry,  chinaware, 
laces  and  embroideries,  in  the  Palace  of  Varied  Industries. 

Persia. — Although  Persia  has  no  individual  building,  that  country 
is  officially  represented  in  the  elaborate  and  costly  exhibits  of  the 
tapestries,  rugs,  carpetings,  and  rare  fabricated  articles  for  which 
this  nation  is  famous.  These  exhibits  are  to  be  found  in  the  Palace 
of  Varied  Industries. 

Spain. — Spain  is  represented  in  the  Palace  of  Varied  Industries, 
Food  Products,  and  the  Palace  of  Manufactures.  The  exhibits  consist 
of  shoes,  clothing,  perfumes,  and  other  manufactured  goods.  Spain 
has  a  number  of  fine  canvases  on  exhibit  in  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts. 

Switzerland. — The  Palace  of  Varied  Industries  contains  an  inter 
esting  exhibit  by  Swiss  manufacturers  of  articles  for  which  that  nation 
is  particularly  noted,  including  Swiss  watches.  The  Swiss-American 
Auxiliary  of  San  Francisco  has  been  co-operating  actively  with  the 
Swiss  Government  and  the  result  has  been  a  comprehensive  selection 
of  displays  and  exhibits. 

Uruguay. — The  Republic  of  Uruguay  has  no  special  building  in  the 
Foreign  Section  of  the  Exposition,  owing  to  the  postponement  of  her 
decision  to  participate  until  a  short  time  before  the  Exposition 
opened.  In  the  several  exhibit  buildings,  however,  there  has  been 
presented  a  comprehensive  showing  of  the  riches  and  development 
of  that  country. 

In  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts  is  a  collection  of  the  works  of  Uruguay's 
artists.  In  the  Palace  of  Education  is  shown  the  progress  in  culture 
that  Uruguay  has  made  in  comparison  with  the  other  South  American 
Republics.  In  the  same  building  also  her  social  economy  exhibit  re 
veals  the  progressive  trend  of  her  legislation.  In  the  Palace  of  Lib 
eral  Arts  is  demonstrated  the  work  of  her  men  of  science.  Exhibits 
are  also  made  in  the  Palaces  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy,  or  Agriculture 
and  of  Varied  Industries,  to  show  the  richness  of  the  resources  of  the 
country  and  the  methods  of  promoting  their  development. 

THE  UNITED  STATES  GOVERNMENT. 

In  all,  192,000  square  feet  of  floor  space,  nearly  four  and  a  half 
acres,  is  allotted  to  the  United  States  Government  exhibits  in  the 
various  Palaces.  All  of  them  have  the  characteristic  Government  in 
stallation — a  heavy  gray  balustrade  surmounted  by  ornamental  posts 
which  bear  gilded  eagles  and  banners  of  bunting  with  the  National 
colors. 

Nine  of  the  ten  Executive  Departments  and  seven  separate  Govern 
ment  organizations  are  represented  in  the  exhibit.  It  was  intended 
to  include  every  activity  of  the  Government  which  is  capable  of  ob 
jective  representation. 

As  far  as  practicable  the  actual  work  of  the  several  organizations  is 
shown,  and  the  persons  in  charge  of  the  exhibits  are  men  who  are 
regularly  engaged  in  that  work.  Purposes,  methods  and  results  are 
set  forth  as  fully  and  as  attractively  as  may  be;  and  every  effort  is 
made  to  show  what  the  Government  is,  what  it  does,  and  what  the  re- 

90 


lations  are  between  the  citizen  and  the  Government  which  he  has  a 
share  in  maintaining. 
The  location  of  the  exhibits  is  as  follows: 

U.  S.  GOVERNMENT  EXHIBITS. 

In  the  Palace  of  Liberal  Arts,  one-fourth  of  the  space,  more  than 
66,000  square  feet,  is  occupied  by  Government  exhibits,  as  follows: 

Department  of  State.— Department  of  the  Treasury. — Bureau  of 
Public  Health  Service;  Supervising  Architect's  Office;  Department  of 
War. — Medical  Corps,  U.  S.  Military  Academy  (West  Point) ;  De 
partment  of  the  Navy. — Bureau  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  U.  S.  Naval 
Academy  (Annapolis),  and  other  educational  institutions;  Department 
of  the  Interior. — Office  of  Secretary — National  Parks,  General  Land 
Office,  Office  of  Indian  Affairs,  Reclamation  Service;  Department  of 
Commerce. — Bureau  of  the  Census,  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce. 
Bureau  of  Standards,  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,  Bureau  of  Naviga 
tion;  Smithsonian  Institution. — National  Museum;  Government 
Printing  Office,  Civil  Service  Commission,  The  Panama  Canal,  The 
Commission  of  Fine  Arts,  American  National  Red  Cross,  Library  of 
Congress,  Motion  Picture  exhibit. 

In  the  Palace  of  Education  are:  Department  of  the  Interior. — Bu 
reau  of  Education;  Department  of  Labor. — Bureau  of  Immigration, 
Bureau  of  Naturalization,  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics,  Children's  Bu 
reau. 

In  the  Palace  of  Agriculture  are  the  exhibits  of  the  U.  S.  Depart 
ment  of  Agriculture,  comprising:  Biological  Survey,  Bureau  of  Soils, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  Bureau  of 
Chemistry,  Weather  Bureau,  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  Forest  Service. 

In  the  Palace  of  Transportation  is  a  model  railway  post-office,  fully 
manned  with  clerks  conducting  the  work  ordinarily  performed  on 
moving  trains. 

In  the  Palace  of  Machinery  are  the  following  Government  exhibits: 
Department  of  the  Treasury. — Coast  Guard  (Revenue  Cutter  Service); 
Department  of  War;  Department  of  the  Navy;  Department  of  Agri 
culture. — Office  of  Public  Roads;  Department  of  Commerce. — Bureau 
of  Lighthouses;  Motion  Picture  exhibit. 

In  the  Palace  of  Mines  are:  Department  of  the  Treasury.— The 
Mint,  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing;  Post  Office  Department; 
Department  of  the  Interior. — Geological  Survey,  Bureau  of  Mines, 
Alaska,  Motion  Picture  exhibit. 

In  the  Palace  of  Food  Products  is  a  large  and  attractive  exhibit  of 
the  Bureau  of  Fisheries  of  the  Department  of  Commerce. 

States   and  Territories   Represented. 

The  following  States  and  Territories  are  represented:  Arkansas, 
California,  Hawaii,  Idaho,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Kansas,  Louisiana, 
Maryland,  Massachusetts,  Minnesota,  Mississippi,  Missouri,  Montana, 
Nevada,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  North  Dakota,  Ohio,  Oklahoma, 
Oregon,  Pennsylvania,  Philippines,  Porto  Rico,  South  Dakota,  Texas, 
Utah,  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  Wisconsin,  Washington. 

Minnesota  and  South  Dakota  are  represented  unofficially.  New 
York  City  is  the  only  municipality  represented  by  a  building. 

Arkansas. — On  the  Avenue  of  States,  immediately  to  the  East  of 
the  Live  Stock  Section,  is  the  combined  Arkansas  and  Oklahoma 
Building. 

The  building  is  designed  chiefly  as  a  clubhouse  and  for  social  pur 
poses,  the  exhibits  of  the  State  being  distributed  among  the  several 
Exhibit  Palaces. 

91 


California. — For  article  on  the  California  Building  and  its  counties 
see  after  State  Buildings. 

Hawaii. — The  Hawaiian  Building  is  located  at  the  edge  of  the  Fine 
Arts  Lagoon,  at  the  North  end  of  Administration  Avenue. 

Idaho. — On  the  first  floor  of  the  Idaho  Building  are  the  reception 
room,  the  offices,  and  the  moving  picture  hall.  On  the  upper  floor 
are  the  rooms  for  the  educational  exhibit.  Idaho  also  has  a  moving 
picture  show,  displaying  scenic  and  industrial  features  of  the  State 
which  will  be  exhibited  from  time  to  time  during  the  Exposition. 

Illinois. — The  South  frieze  of  the  Illinois  Building  represents  the 
Spirit  of  Illinois,  with  the  meeting  of  the  white  man  and  the  red 
man;  that  on  the  North  symbolizes  the  progress  Illinois  has  made  in 
the  arts  and  sciences. 

At  the  end  of  the  East  corridor  the  Lincoln  Memorial  Room  is 
reached.  The  display  of  Lincolnalia  here  is  priceless  and  was  pre 
pared  under  the  auspices  of  the  Illinois  State  Historical  Society. 

On  the  second  floor,  at  the  West  end,  is  a  large  Recital  Hall,  in 
which  is  located  a  pipe-organ  especially  constructed  for  the  building. 

Indiana. — At  the  gore  of  the  Avenue  of  Nations  and  the  Avenue  of 
States  is  located  the  Indiana  Building,  Queen  Anne  in  type,  repre 
senting  a  clubhouse  of  the  early  English  period,  with  its  spacious 
porches  and  old  hickory  furniture. 

All  of  the  construction  materials  are  Hoosier  products.  Upon  the 
library  shelves  -will  be  found  the  representative  works  of  Indiana 
authors. 

Iowa. — The  Iowa  State  Building  is  designed  to  present  a  comfort 
able  and  home-like  appearance. 

A  large,  comfortable  lounging  room  occupies  the  center  of  the  first 
floor.  To  the  left  of  this  rest  room  (as  one  enters),  are  the  ladies' 
rest  room  and  the  gentlemen's  smoking  room.  To  the  right  is  the 
moving  picture  room,  where  Iowa's  resources  and  beauty  spots  are 
shown. 

There  are  no  exhibits  in  the  building.  It  is  merely  a  rest  place  and 
meeting  place  for  lowans. 

Kansas. — The  Kansas  State  Building  is  of  Colonial  style.  The 
interior  decorations  are  Colonial,  and  the  edifice  is  used  as  a  club 
house  and  reception  headquarters  for  that  State.  Writing  and  rest 
rooms  are  provided  for  guests  and  the  offices  of  the  Kansas  Building 
Officials  are  on  the  second  floor. 

Louisiana. — The  sugar  industry  of  Louisiana  is  the  principal  feature 
of  the  exhibits  by  this  State,  all  stages  in  the  industry  being  repre 
sented.  Particular  attention  is  given  also  to  the  work  of  experimental 
stations  in  the  Palace  of  Agriculture.  This  State  has  no  building. 

Maryland. — The  Maryland  Building  is  a  reproduction  of  "Home- 
wood,"  the  old  estate  of  Charles  Carroll  of  Carrollton,  located  in 
North  Baltimore,  and  built  in  the  year  1802. 

The  interior  of  the  building  is  divided  into  the  Colonial  and  Revo 
lutionary  Period  rooms,  which,  with  the  reception  halls,  contains  the 
Historical  exhibit.  The  two  rear  rooms  contain  the  Geological  ex 
hibit  and  the  Baltimore  City  room.  The  left  wing  contains  the  apart- 
me^s  of  the  official  family,  and  East  wing  kitchen,  dining  room,  etc. 

Massachusetts. — The  Massachusetts  Building  is  a  reproduction,  on 
a  two-thirds  scale,  of  the  so-called  Bullfinch  front  of  the  Massachu 
setts  State  House  on  Beacon  Hill,  Boston. 

The  building,  located  at  the  intersection  of  the  Avenue  of  Nations 
and  the  Esplanade,  is  conspicuously  indicated  by  its  lofty  golden 
dome. 

92 


The  building  has  three  floors.  On  the  first  is  the  motion  picture 
theater.  On  the  second  floor  is  a  reproduction  of  the  Doric  Hall 
of  the  State  House  in  Boston. 

On  the  third  floor  is  a  large  reception  hall,  a  Colonial  tea  room,  and 
antique  room;  also  four  Colonial  bedrooms,  two  of  which  are  known 
as  the  Governor's  Suite. 

The  only  exhibits  in  the  building  are  four  cases  of  old  manuscript 
of  historical  interest,  located  in  the  Doric  Hall  section. 

The  Massachusetts  exhibits  proper  are  in  the  Palaces  of  Education 
and  Agriculture,  and  in  the  Horticultural  Gardens,  while  there  are 
private  exhibits  of  the  resources  and  industries  of  the  State  in  the 
Palaces  of  Machinery,  Manufactures,  Varied  Industries,  Transporta 
tion,  Liberal  Arts  and  Food  Products.  The  State  is  also  splendidly 
represented  in  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts. 

Minnesota. — Industrial  exhibits  from  Minnesota  are  placed  in  the 
various  exhibit  palaces.  A  particular  feature  of  this  State's  participa 
tion  is  the  agricultural  experiment  station  work  in  botany,  bacteriol 
ogy,  vegetable  pathology,  forestry  and  rural  engineering. 

Attention  also  is  paid  to  the  resources  of  Minnesota  in  the  Great 
Northern  Building,  situated  to  the  North  of  the  Palace  of  Machinery, 
as  the  State  has  no  building  of  its  own. 

Mississippi. — The  Mississippi  Building  reflects  the  best  type  of 
Mississippi  residential  architecture,  but  does  not  copy  any  particular 
structure.  It  is  distinguished  by  a  large  semi-circular  portico  in 
front,  with  twelve  Ionic  columns,  and  a  pergola  at  either  end  of  the 
building. 

On  the  first  floor  the  rooms,  both  to  the  right  and  left  of  the 
lobby,  are  utilized  for  the  display  of  exhibits  of  the  agricultural  and 
forestry  resources  of  the  State  particularly.  A  motion  picture  room 
is  also  provided,  where  interesting  aspects  of  the  State's  activities 
will  be  shown,  with  an  accompaniment  of  lectures. 

The  second  floor  is  devoted  to  the  reception  and  entertainment  of 
visitors. 

Missouri. — The  Missouri  Building  is  in  the  Colonial  style,  and  is 
located  on  the  Marina  on  a  terrace  overlooking  the  Bay. 

From  the  South  portico  three  entrances  open  into  the  large  recep 
tion  room.  At  either  end  of  the  main  reception  room  are  the  offices 
of  the  Commission. 

In  the  northeast  section  of  the  building  is  located  the  library,  con 
taining  1,500  volumes  written  by  Missouri  authors.  A  cafe  is  ope 
rated  in  the  northwestern  section  of  the  building. 

In  addition  to  the  displays  in  the  Missouri  Building,  Missouri  has 
five  exhibits,  in  the  following  Exposition  departments:  Agriculture, 
Horticulture,  Mines  and  Metallurgy,  Education,  Livestock. 

Montana. — The  Montana  Building  is  situated  on  the  Marina,  North 
of  the  juncture  of  the  Avenue  of  Nations  and  the  Esplanade. 

In  the  building  will  be  found  spacious  rest  and  lounging  rooms. 
While  the  principal  exhibits  of  Montana  are  to  be  found  in  the  Hor 
ticulture,  Agriculture,  and  Mines  Palaces,  nevertheless,  in  the 
Montana  State  Building  will  be  found  choice  samples  of  the  products 
of  Montana,  together  with  a  large  number  of  paintings  and  colored 
photographs — showing  the  resources  and  the  industries  of  the  Treas 
ure  State. 

Nevada. — The   Nevada   Building  is  located   on   the  Marina. 

On  the  main  floor  of  the  building  is  a  large  reception  room,  with 
windows  facing  the  Bay  and  Harbor.  On  this  floor  also  are  the 

93 


ladies'  rest  room,  tea  room  and  gentlemen's  smoking  and  lounging 
room. 

On  the  second  floor  is  a  large  lecture  and  concert  room,  used  also 
for  a  display  of  fancy  work  and  an  exhibit  furnished  by  the  public 
schools  of  Nevada. 

New  Jersey. — The  New  Jersey  Building  is  of  Colonial  architecture, 
having  been  adapted  from  the  old  Trenton  Barracks,  where  George 
Washington  had  his  headquarters  during  the  Revolution.  On  the 
lower  floor  there  are  offices,  lounging  and  reception  rooms. 

New  York. — New  York  State  is  represented  at  the  Exposition  by 
one  of  the  largest  and  most  substantial  structures  in  the  Avenue  of 
States,  and  also  by  fourteen  official  exhibits  and  displays  of  nearly 
four  hundred  and  fifty  business  and  manufacturing  concerns  in  the 
various  Palaces. 

On  the  first  floor  of  the  building  is  a  large  assembly  hall.  Travers 
ing  the  entire  length  of  the  building  is  an  arched  corridor,  fifteen 
feet  in  width.  At  one  end  of  this  corridor  is  a  restaurant. 

On  the  second  floor  are  located  a  reception  room  reserved  for 
Governor  Whitman  of  New  York  State,  a  suite  for  the  Governor  and 
his  staff,  the  council  room  and  living  rooms  for  the  Commission. 

Official  exhibits  of  various  Departments  of  the  New  York  Stale 
Government  are  shown  in  the  Education,  Liberal  Arts,  Mines,  Agri 
cultural  and  Horticultural  Palaces. 

North  Dakota. — The  lower  floor  of  the  building  is  divided  into  two 
rooms.  The  west  room  is  devoted  to  exhibits  of  grains  and  grasses 
and  products  of  grain.  The  east  room  is  devoted  to  the  coal  and  clay 
resources  of  the  State,  the  clay  products  being  especially  attractive. 
In  the  rotunda  is  located  a  thirty-foot  light-house,  built  of  corn. 

Ohio.  —  The  Ohio  Building  is  a  copy  of  the  State  House  at 
Columbus. 

The  largest  room  on  the  first  floor  is  used  for  public  meetings, 
receptions  and  other  functions.  On  the  upper  floor  is  a  suite  of  rooms 
set  apart  for  Governor  Frank  B.  Willis  and  family. 

In  the  lower  rotunda  are  niches  in  which  are  placed  busts  of  the 
six  presidents  who  were  born  in  Ohio: — Grant,  Hayes,  Garfield,  Har 
rison,  McKinley,  and  Taft. 

Oklahoma. — Located  at  the  intersection  of  the  Avenue  of  States 
and  Drake  Street  is  the  building  jointly  occupied  by  the  States  of 
Oklahoma  and  Arkansas.  This  State  has  extensive  exhibits  in  the 
various  Palaces,  particular  attention  having  been  given  to  the  agri 
cultural  display. 

Oregon. — The  Oregon  Building  is  one  of  the  most  picturesque  on 
the  grounds,  and  is  easily  distinguished  by  its  colonnade  of  giant  logs. 
The  structure  is  in  the  style  of  the  Parthenon  at  Athens,  with  logs 
for  pillars  and  bark  instead  of  marble.  In  the  colonnade  nearly  every 
variety  of  tree  that  is  taken  from  the  forests  of  Oregon  in  commer 
cial  quantities  will  be  found. 

The  entire  building  is  open  to  the  public,  including  a  huge  recep 
tion  room,  a  domestic  science  luncheon  room  on  the  top  floor,  and  a 
lecture  hall  where  moving  pictures  tell  the  story  of  Oregon's  re 
sources  and  attractions.  Every  section  of  the  State  is  represented  by 
special  exhibit  booths.  There  are  also  school  exhibits  and  an  art 
room. 

The  building  was  designed  more  as  an  Oregon  exhibit  than  as  a 
center  for  entertaining.  The  Oregon  Building  boasts  the  tallest 
flagpole  in  the  world — 235  feet. 

94 


Pennsylvania. — The  Pennsylvania  Building  is  distinguished  by  the 
spacious  open  loggia  which  was  closely  copied  from  the  central  por 
tion  of  Independence  Hall  in  Philadelphia.  It  is  surrounded  by  gar 
dens  set  out  with  shrubs  brought  from  that  State. 

In  the  East  wing  is  an  assembly  hall,  and  on  the  left  a  reception 
room.  A  number  of  mural  paintings  add  to  the  beauty  of  the  struc 
ture. 

The  building  also  contains  a  specially  constructed  steel  vault  de 
signed  as  a  place  of  safekeeping  for  the  Liberty  .Bell. 

Philippine  Islands. — The  Philippine  Exposition  Board  had  in  mind 
two  prime  objects  when  it  commenced  the  work  of  assembling  ex 
hibits  for  the  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition.  One  of  these 
was  to  show  the  progress,  development,  and  culture  of  the  Filipino 
people  and  the  other  was  to  awaken  the  world,  and  particularly  the 
United  States,  to  the  all  but  untouched  resources  and  opportunities 
of  the  Philippines. 


The  Philippine  Building 

Both  purposes  are  expressed  in  a  most  interesting  manner  in  the 
Philippine  Building  with  its  contents  and  by  the  extensive  displays  in 
the  Palace  of  Agriculture  and  the  Palace  of  Education  and  Social 
Economy.  In  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts,  there  is  also  a  small  but 
unique  showing  of  the  works  of  Filipino  artists. 

The  Philippine  Building  itself  constitutes  a  remarkable  exhibit  of 
the  use  of  island  material,  as  well  as  being  one  of  the  most  attract 
ive  structures  in  the  State  and  Foreign  Nations  group.  The  building 
forms  a  quadrangle  surrounding  an  open  court,  where  concerts  by  the 
Constabulary  Band  will  be  held  daily.  It  has  an  entrance  of  beauti 
ful  hardwood  paneling  with  a  portico  of  natural  unshaped  Palma 
Brava  trunks,  while  the  rotunda,  though  it  adorns  a  temporary  struc 
ture,  is  one  of  the  most  elegant  hardwood  interiors  to  be  found.  The 
use  of  the  native  translucent  capis  shells,  instead  of  window  panes, 
and  of  the  split  bamboo  matting  for  wall  surfaces — both  unique  feat 
ures  of  the  building— are  suggestive  of  future  possibilities  as  building 
materials  in  the  warm  climate  of  California  and  other  equable  regions. 

95 


Structurally  and  for  exhibit  purposes  the  building  has  two  main 
divisions.  In  the  left  wing,  as  one  enters,  are  shown  the  products  of 
native  manufacture  with  Filipino  workmen  engaged  at  their  various 
handicrafts.  Here  are  to  be  seen  the  cunningly  wrought  brasses  with 
their  embellishment  of  inlaid  silver,  the  embroideries  of  the  skillful 
Filipino  women,  the  hand  made  mats  of  various  fibers,  and  the  differ 
ent  varieties  of  Philippine  hats,  which  excel  the  well  known  Panama 
hats.  The  shell  fisheries,  which  supply  the  material  for  a  large  por 
tion  of  the  button  manufacture  of  the  world  are  also  shown. 

The  right  wing  of  the  building  is  devoted  to  the  scientific  exhibit 
with  its  demonstration  of  the  chemical  and  mineral  resources  of  the 
Islands.  There  is  also  an  excellent  display  of  printing  and  binding 
of  the  government  printing  plant  and  at  the  far  end  of  the  wing  is 
the  public  works  display  with  maps,  showing  the  geographical  dis 
tribution  of  the  public  institutions,  schools,  railroads,  roadways,  and 
the  like.  In  the  orchid  conservatory  to  the  rear  of  the  building  proper 
is  one  of  the  most  interesting  displays  of  these  exotic  flowers  ever 
assembled  in  the  country.  All  of  the  varieties,  many  of  which  are  ex 
ceedingly  rare  and  valuable,  are  to  be  seen  in  full  bloom. 

The  most  elaborate  single  Philippine  exhibit  is  that  occupying 
blocks  19  and  20  in  the  Palace  of  Agriculture,  where  practically  all 
of  the  agricultural  products  of  the  islands  may  be  seen,  studied  and 
appreciated.  The  four  principal  export  products — abaca  (Manila 
hemp),  sugar,  copra,  and  tobacco — are  extensively  featured.  Various 
other  products,  such  as  rice,  coffee,  cocoa,  maguey,  kapok  (tree  cot 
ton),  pina,  cotton  and  rubber,  and  many  other  of  the  most  valuable 
resources  of  the  islands  are  also  shown.  The  production  and  manu 
facture  of  the  various  commodities  are  displayed  in  detail. 

The  forestry  exhibit  in  the  Agricultural  Palace  is  a  magnificent 
display  of  samples  of  the  numerous  varieties  of  hardwoods  in  which 
the  island  forests  abound,  as  well  as  a  showing  of  the  conservative 
methods  of  logging-off  under  the  supervision  of  the  Government.  In 
section  21  of  this  Palace  300  of  the  more  important  commercial  woods 
are  shown. 

In  the  Palace  of  Education  and  Social  Economy  the  methods  of 
education  and,  in  the  health  exhibit  division,  the  great  work  of  edu 
cation  and  sanitation  that  has  been  carried  on  under  American  ad 
ministration  throughout  the  Islands  is  most  interestingly  shown. 
Here,  in  the  educational  exhibit,  one  may  see,  almost  at  a  glance,  the 
system  whereby  each  pupil  is  given  a  practical  and  technical  training 
designed  to  fit  him  with  a  means  of  livelihood  after  only  a  few  years 
of  schooling.  Actual  classes  of  Filipino  children  have  been  brought 
from  the  Islands  and  may  be  seen  at  their  school  work. 

The  Philippine  section  in  the  two  Palaces  may  be  easily  distin 
guished  upon  entrance  by  the  characteristic  facade  of  palm  tree  trunks, 
with  shell  frieze  and  sewale  panels,  which  surround  the  space. 

The  Philippine  Exposition  Board  is  composed  of  the  following 
Commissioners:  Dr.  Leon  Ma  Guerrero,  President;  Mr.  W.  W.  Bar 
clay,  Director-General,  and  Dr.  Francisco  Liongson,  Member. 

Porto  Rico. — The  territory  of  Porto  Rico  is  represented  at  the  Ex 
position  by  a  coffee  display  in  the  Palace  of  Agriculture.  Various 
photographs  of  the  coffee  industry  are  a  feature  of  the  exhibit.  Porto 
Rican  girls  serve  coffee  to  guests. 

The  Territory  has  no  building. 

96 


South  Dakota. — Agriculture,  mining,  live  stock  and  farming  form 
chief  elements  in  South  Dakota's  representation,  installed  in  the 
exhibit  palaces  where  they  are  classified.  Moving  pictures  are  used 
to  portray  the  attractive  features  of  the  State  for  prospective  settlers. 

This  State  has  no  building. 

Texas. — The  Texas  Building,  suggesting  the  Alamo  in  its  design,  is 
just  to  the  east  of  the  model  camp  of  the  U.  S.  Marine  Corps.  The 
building  is  used  for  both  social  and  exhibit  purposes,  a  display  of  the 
industrial  and  educational  life  of  the  State  being  presented  within. 
The  exhibits  supplement  the  Texas  displays  in  the  various  exhibit 
palaces. 

Utah. — At  the  left  and  rear,  on  entering  the  building,  is  a  room 
occupied  by  a  working  model  of  the  famous  Utah  Copper  Mine  at 
Bingham,  Utah,  showing  the  actual  processes  of  removing  the  ore, 
with  miniature  steam  shovels,  locomotives  and  cars  in  operation. 

Offices  and  reception  room  occupy  the  right  side  of  the  main  floor. 
The  stairway  at  the  rear  of  the  building  leads  to  a  mezzanine  floor. 

A  model  of  a  typical  Utah  coal  mine,  showing  exterior  and  in 
terior  workings  and  geological  formations,  occupies  the  entire  second 
floor  of  the  south  wing.  This  is  also  an  operative  model,  illustrating 
methods  of  coal  extraction  and  handling.  On  the  north  side  of  the 
second  floor  is  a  small  room  devoted  to  miscellaneous  exhibits. 

Paintings  and  statuary  by  Utah  artists  and  sculptors  are  to  be  seen 
in  the  building.  A  collection  of  relics  of  the  prehistoric  cliff  dwellers 
of  southern  Utah,  loaned  by  the  University  of  Utah  Museum,  is  an 
interesting  feature. 

Virginia. — The  State  of  Virginia  has  reproduced  the  home  of 
George  Washington  at  Mount  Vernon  for  her  building  at  the  Expo 
sition.  The  rooms  are  furnished  with  colonial  furniture,  some  of  the 
pieces  having  belonged  to  General  Washington. 

To  the  right  as  one  enters  the  building  is  a  large  school  exhibit, 
photographs  of  odd  scenes  in  Virginia  and  illuminated  transparencies 
showing  crops  and  cattle. 

West  Virginia. — West  Virginia's  building  is  patterned  after  the  old 
Colonial  mansions  of  the  South.  On  the  main  floor  are  the  reception 
hall,  office,  rest  rooms,  etc.  The  mezzanine  floors  are  used  for 
writing  rooms.  To  the  right  of  the  main  entrance  is  a  motion  pic 
ture  room. 

Wisconsin.— The  Wisconsin  State  Building  is  located  on  the  Avenue 
of  the  States  adjoining  that  of  New  Jersey.  Directly  in  front 
of  the  entrance  is  the  reception  room  and  to  the  right  a  smok 
ing  room.  To  the  left  of  the  entrance  is  the  ladies'  parlor  and  the 
office  of  the  resident  commissioner  and  official  hostess.  Motion  pic 
tures  showing  the  resources  of  the  State  are  exhibited.  The  building 
also  contains  a  large  living  hall,  which  is  open  to  the  public. 

The  City  of  New  York  Building  is  the  second  building  west  of  the 
New  York  State  Building.  The  structure  resembles  a  huge  cube  sur 
rounded  by  a  broad  grass-grown  terrace  with  plants,  trees  and  shrubs. 

The   walls   of   the   interior   are    covered   with   feature   pictures   and 
descriptive   matter   of   the    city   of   New    York.      Directly    within    the 
entrance  is  a  large  model  of  the  city.     In  general  the   exhibit  con 
sists  of  models,  paintings,  photographs,  drawings  and  descriptive  mat 
ter  pertinent  to  the  administration  of  the  metropolis. 

97 


The  Washington  State  Building  is  located  at  the  intersection  of 
the  Esplanade,  the  Avenue  of  States,  and  tlie  Avenue  of  Nations.  In 
the  building  is  a  motion-picture  theatre  showing  views  of  the  State's 
scenery,  cities,  educational  institutions,  resources  and  industries.  The 
building  also  contains  a  social  hall,  tea-rooms,  writing  and  rest  rooms. 
Washington  has  extensive  exhibits  in  the  various  palaces. 

Nature  designed  the  State  of  Washington  as  a  place  for  the  homes 
of  men,  and,  true  to  its  destiny,  it  grew  faster  in  the  decade  ending  in 
1910  than  any  other  State  in  the  Union.  It  is  still  growing  rapidly,  and 
promises  to  do  so  for  many  years  to  come,  for  its  rich  acres  cover  an 
area  half  as  large  as  Prussia,  with  a  population  of  more  than  forty  mil 
lions,  and  larger  than  the  combined  area  of  Massachusetts,  New  York 
and  Maryland,  with  a  total  population  of  fourteen  millions. 

The  Cascade  Mountain  Range,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  America, 
divides  the  State  into  two  distinct  parts,  known  as  Eastern  and  West 
ern  Washington,  and  differing  sharply  in  climate,  soil  and  topography. 
The  northern  part  of  Eastern  Washington  is  made  up  of  wooded  high 
lands,  intersected  by  a  number  of  rich  river  valleys,  into  which  rail 
roads  have  been  recently  built  or  are  now  building,  thus  offering  new 


Washington  State  Building 

and  hopeful  fields  to  the  homeseeker.  Except  for  the  Blue  Mountains 
in  the  extreme  southeast,  the  plain  of  the  Columbia  River,  ranging 
in  altitude  from  500  to  2,000  feet,  covers  the  remainder  of  Eastern 
Washington — a  level  or  undulating  country,  with  a  soil  of  volcanic 
ash  varying  in  depth  from  one  to  100  feet,  and  of  such  exceeding 
richness  that  it  yearly  produces  without  irrigation  more  than  71,000,000 
bushels  of  wheat,  oats  and  barley.  Indeed,  Washington  contains  land 
that  has  broken  the  world's  record  in  the  production  of  wheat  per 
acre,  while  it  produces  more  oats  per  acre  than  any  other  State,  and 
is  excelled  by  only  one  State  in  its  per  acre  production  of  barley — 
forty  and  one-half  bushels. 

In  the  river  valleys,  which  intersect  the  Columbia  plain,  mainly  under 
irrigation,  but  with  excellent  results  in  some  sections  under  dry  farm 
ing  conditions,  are  produced  bumper  crops  of  apples,  peaches,  pears, 
alfalfa  and  hops,  of  which  last-named  crop  Washington  produces  more 
per  acre  than  any  other  State.  The  apple  crop  of  Washington  has  an 
annual  value  of  $10,000,000,  commanding  the  highest  prices  in  foreign 
markets,  and  it  stands  third  in  the  Union  in  total  yearly  production 
of  plums  and  prunes. 

98 


^  outstanding  features  of  Western  Washington  are  the  lower 

Columbia  region  in  the  southwest;  in  the  northwest  the  Olympic 
Mountains,  enfolding  the  peninsula  of  that  name,  and  between  the 
Olympic  and  the  Cascades  the  great  basin  which  has  Puget  Sound  for 
its  heart.  Dense  timber  once  covered  all  of  this  region,  and  there  are 
still  to  be  found  some  of  the  thickest  bodies  of  timber  in  the  world — 
in  all  about  400,000,000,000  feet  of  fir,  cedar,  hemlock,  spruce  and 
yellow  pine,  more  than  is  contained  in  any  other  State  except  Oregon. 
Washington  for  a  decade  has  led  all  the  States  in  its  yearly  output  of 
lumber,  producing  in  mills  which  give  employment  to  50,000  men  two- 
thirds  of  the  shingles  manufactured  in  the  United  States. 

The  mountains  excepted,  nearly  all  of  the  lands  in  Western  Wash 
ington  are  splendidly  adapted  to  agriculture  in  one  form  or  another, 
the  chief  products  being  grasses,  oats,  root  crops,  fruits  and  berries. 
The  berries  and  soft  fruits  of  this  section  are  not  excelled  by  those 
raised  in  any  other  State  or  country.  The  dairy  industry  is  still  in  its 
infancy,  but  is  growing  rapidly.  It  has  already  produced  a  number  of 
world-record  dairy  cows,  and,  as  Washington  still  imports  a  goodly 
part  of  its  dairy  products,  has  before  it  a  wonderful  future. 

The  climate  of  Washington  in  its  habitable  portions  is  mild  and 
equable,  and  so  healthful  that  it  has  the  lowest  death  rate  of  all  regis 
tration  States.  Sunstroke  is  unknown,  and  in  all  parts  of  the  State  the 
summer  nights  are  always  cool. 

Mining  and  fishing  are  Washington  industries  of  steadily  growing 
importance,  the  value  of  the  fish  product  exceeding  $20,000,000  a  year. 
The  yearly  value  of  Washington  manufactures  exceeds  $300,000,000,  and 
as  it  stands  third  among  the  States  of  the  Union  in  developed  water- 
power  and  first  in  quantity  still  undeveloped,  nothing  is  more  certain 
than  that  it  is  destined  to  become  the  greatest  manufacturing  center  on 
the  Pacific  Coast.  Supplementing  its  3,500  miles  of  salt  water  frontage 
and  navigable  rivers,  it  has  7,529  miles  of  steam  and  electric  railways, 
and  one  of  the  best  built  and  maintained  highway  systems  in  the 
Union,  affording  to  the  tourist  easy  access  to  some  of  the  most  beau 
tiful  scenery  in  the  world.  The  State  also  has  reason  to  be  proud  of 
its  district  and  high-school  system,  culminating  in  three  normal  schools, 
a  university,  and  an  agricultural  college.  The  Russell  Sage  Founda 
tion  places  Washington  first  in  educational  efficiency. 

The  present  hour  is  still  the  hour  of  opportunity  in  Washington, 
particularly  for  the  land-seeker  and  home-seeker.  There  is  much  good 
land  available  for  homesteading,  especially  in  the  northern  counties  of 
Eastern  Washington,  while  both  in  Eastern  and  Western  Washington 
several  million  acres  of  excellent  land  which  has  passed  into  private 
ownership  can  be  purchased  at  low  prices  and  on  reasonable  terms. 
Emphasis  is  to  be  placed  on  the  opportunities  offered  settlers  by  the 
stump  or  logged-off  lands  of  Western  Washington.  These  are  owned 
in  chief  part  by  logging  companies  who,  having  removed  the  timber, 
are  willing  to  sell  the  lands  at  from  $10  to  $40  an  acre  to  those  who 
will  clear  and  improve  them.  The  soil  of  these  lands  in  most  cases  is 
a  rich  sandy  loam,  while,  thanks  to  an  abundant  rainfall,  there  is  no 
need  for  irrigation.  In  Eastern  Washington  the  early  completion  of 
a  number  of  important  irrigation  projects  now  under  way  will  open 
new  and  large  areas  to  purchase  on  long-time  and  easy  terms.  With 
less  than  one-fifth  of  the  State  improved,  Washington  will  long  spell 
wealth  and  opportunity  for  the  industrious  newcomer. 

For  fuller  particulars,  call  on  or  address  Charles  G.  Heifner,  Execu 
tive  Commissioner  for  the  State  of  Washington,  Washington  State 
Building,  P.  P.  I.  E.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

99 


California  Building 

THE   CALIFORNIA   BUILDING 

The  California  Building,  representing  with  its  displays  an  expendi 
ture  of  $2,000,000,  is  situated  on  the  Marina  near  the  northwest  cor 
ner  of  the  main  group  of  exhibit  palaces. 

The  building  is  the  largest  ever  erected  by  a  state  or  nation  par 
ticipating  in  an  Exposition. 

In  designing  the  structure  the  architect,  Thomas  H.  F.  Burditt,  took 
for  his  motifs  the  old  Spanish  Missions  of  California,  and  many 
of  the  features  of  these  historic  structures  will  be  found  here  faith 
fully  reproduced  or  adapted  to  modern  requirements. 

The  structure  contains  the  administrative  headquarters  of  the  Ex 
position,  the  social  and  host  headquarters  as  represented  by  the 
Woman's  Board,  and  in  its  eastern  portion,  the  five  acres  of  floor 
space  devoted  to  the  displays  of  the  fifty-eight  California  counties. 

The  divisions  of  the  buildings  embrace  a  large  patio  wherein  has 
been  reconstructed  the  Forbidden  Garden  of  the  Santa  Barbara 
Mission. 

A  statue  of  Padre  Junipero  Serra,  the  "Father  of  the  Missions," 
stands  in  a  niche  on  the  south  front  of  the  main  tower  of  the  building, 
overlooking  the  Forbidden  Garden. 

Seven  motion  picture  rooms  and  lecture  halls  with  a  seating  ca 
pacity  of  2,000  are  located  in  the  building  and  are  used  by  the 
counties  of  the  state  for  displaying  their  industries  and  the  points  of 
interest  to  visitors.  More  than  70,000  feet  of  motion  picture  film 
have  been  prepared  for  this  purpose. 

The  general  plan  of  the  California  display  is  collective.  Instead  of 
each  county  making  its  own  display  most  of  them  have  been  grouped 
by  sections. 

100 


The  displays  are  not  exhibits:  that  is  they  are  not  shown  in  competi 
tion  for  award  but  are  designed  to  show  the  visitor  what  each  county 
or  district  holds  forth  in  the  way  of  advantages  fot  vjie. 'settler  and 
homeseeker.  County  exhibits  are  to  Ve  found1  in  the  appropriate  ex 
hibit  palaces.  ".•* 

THE"  ZONE  ' 

The  Zone,  as  the  Exposition  street  of  amusement  is  called, 
stretches  for  seven  city  blocks  through  the  eastern  portion  of  the 
Exposition  grounds  where  it  occupies  seventy  acres.  The  street 
is  completely  filled  on  both  sides  with  amusement  enterprises  that 
were  selected  from  the  best  that  the  world  offered. 

The   Zone  represents  an   expenditure   of  approximately  $10,000,000. 

Altogether  more  than  two  hundred  and  fifty  concessions  were 
let'  but  a  number  of  these  are  selling  concessions  located  in  the 
various  exhibit  palaces  and  elsewhere  about  the  grounds. 

Special    Events. 

The  Calendar  of  Special  Events  has  been  so  arranged  as  to  present 
a  series  of  entertainments,  contests,  celebrations,  festivals,  races,  and 
the  like,  throughout  the  Exposition  period. 

A  list  of  events,  with  exact  dates,  will  be  found  two  weeks  in  ad 
vance  in  the  Official  Daily  Program,  as  well  as  the  detailed  program 
of  every  important  occurrence  on  the  Exposition  Grounds. 

In  addition  to  the  Special  Events,  the  list  of  Musical  Events  and  a 
summary  of  the  Conventions — more  than  eight  hundred  of  which  are 
to  be  held  during  the  Exposition  Year — will  be  found  printed  below. 

MUSIC. 

The  principal  musical  events  of  the  Exposition  will  occur  in  Fes 
tival  Hall  at  the  eastern  extremity  of  the  South  Gardens.  The  main 
auditorium  of  the  building  has  a  seating  capacity  of  4,500  people. 
The  acoustics  are  pronounced  perfect,  this  feature  having  been  given 
particular  attention. 

Famous  artists  from  all  over  the  world  will  be  heard  here  in  re 
cital,  both  vocal  and  instrumental. 

The  pipe  organ  is  one  of  the  largest  in  the  world  and  the  second 
largest  in  America.  There  are  in  the  organ  about  7,000  pipes  and 
113  speaking  stops.  It  contains  four  manuels,  the  swell,  solo,  choir 
and  great  organs.  The  instrument  is  a  working  exhibit  of  the  Depart 
ment  of  Liberal  Arts. 

At  the  marine  camp  a  band  of  sixty  pieces  has  been  detailed  for 
duty  throughout  the  Exposition  period  and  daily  concerts  are  given. 

Following  is  the  schedule  of  principal  musical  events  for  the  re 
mainder  of  the  Exposition,  subject,  however,  to  additions  from  time  to 
time: 

101 


The  Exposition  Orchestra — Eighty  performers,  entire  season  of  Ex 
position.  Concerts  daily  at  Old. Faithful  Inn,  in  the  Zone. 

Edwin  H.  Lemare,  the  greatest  living  organist,  will  give  one  hundred 
recitals  in  Festival  Hall,  starting- August  25th. 

One  hundred  <&nd;  eighty-seven  other  organ  recitals  by  various  or 
ganists  wjlhbc  gwett  on  days  when  .Lemare  does  not  appear,  so  there 
will  be  an  organ  concert  each  day  of  the  Exposition  period.  The  list 
includes  Wallace  A.  Sabin,  official  organist;  Dr.  H.  J.  Stewart,  Louis 
Eaton,  Chas.  Heinrich,  Frank  W.  Chace,  Richard  K.  Briggs,  John  J. 
Bishop,  Harry  L.  Vibbard,  Will  C.  Macfarlane,  J.  Warren  Andrews, 
Clarence  Eddy,  Warren  D.  Allen,  Albert  D.  Jordan,  Fred  Goodrich, 
Ernest  Kroeger,  James  D.  D.  Comey,  T.  Tertius  Noble,  Daniel  Philippi, 
Charles  Galloway,  Uda  Waldrop,  John  Doane,  George  H.  Fairclough, 
Frederick  Chubb,  H.  B.  Jepson,  Samuel  Baldwin,  Clarence  Dickinson, 
William  C.  Hammond,  William  J.  Gomph,  Benjamin  Moore,  Bruce 
Gordon  Kingsley,  J.  Percival  Davis,  John  J.  McClellan,  Sidney  Durst, 
James  T.  Quarles,  Arthur  Hyde,  Frank  Adams,  Hamlin  H.  Hunt,  Geo. 
W.  Andrews,  and  other  distinguished  organists. 

Thaviu's  Band — Fifty  performers  (with  six  grand  opera  singers), 
A.  F.  Thaviu,  Conductor.  Eight  weeks,  beginning  October  9th,  and 
ending  December  4th. 

The  Official  Band — Forty  performers,  Charles  H.  Cassasa,  Con 
ductor.  Special  daily  events  and  concert  in  the  evening. 

The  Philippine  Constabulary  Band — Ninety  performers,  Captain  W. 
H.  Loving,  Conductor.  Philippine  Building. 

Boston  Band — Sixty-five  performers,  Emil  Mollenhauer,  Conductor. 
Nine  weeks,  beginning  July  17th,  and  ending  September  17th. 

Innes  Band — Fred'k.  Neil  Innes,  Conductor;  fifty  performers. 

The  Bandstands  are  located  in  the  Court  of  the  Universe;  in  the 
Band  Concourse,  West  of  Administration  Avenue;  on  the  Avenue  of 
Palms,  near  the  intersection  of  the  Avenue  of  Progress  and  Fillmore 
Street  entrance. 

In  addition  to  having  these  stated  positions,  the  visiting  musical 
organizations  give  concerts  in  other  parts  of  the  grounds,  frequently 
in  the  other  Courts,  and  at  such  points  as  special  events  require. 

Programs  in  detail,  for  all  musical  events  will  be  found  in  the  Daily 
Official  Program,  for  sale  at  the  entrances  to  the  grounds,  and  else 
where. 

CONVENTIONS   AND   CONGRESSES. 

Eight  hundred  and  twenty-two  conventions  and  congresses,  whose 
subjects  cover  the  activities  of  the  world  along  industrial,  commercial, 
professional  and  scientific  lines,  will  meet  in  San  Francisco  and  the 
bay  cities  in  connection  with  the  Exposition. 

This  is  more  than  double  the  number  held  at  any  previous  exposi 
tion,  and  to  secure  them  practically  every  organization  of  any  size  or 
importance  in  the  civilized  nations  of  the  world  was  canvassed. 

The  attendance  at  each  of  the  conventions  and  congresses  will  range 
from  seventy-five  to  possibly  30,000  delegates  and  visitors.  There 
will  be  an  average  of  nine  Exposition  conventions  per  day  throughout 
the  entire  period.  But  few  days  are  blank,  and  on  certain  days  during 
the  summer  months  as  many  as  thirty  or  forty  meetings  of  various 
kinds  will  be  held. 

The  schedule  of  conventions  and  congresses  will  be  found  two 
weeks  in  advance  in  the  Daily  Official  Program,  for  sale  on  the 
grounds.  Further  details  may  be  obtained  from  the  office  of  the 
director  of  conventions  and  congresses  in  Festival  Hall. 

102 


Special  Structures. 

THE    EXPOSITION    AUDITORIUM. 

The  Exposition  Auditorium  in  San  Francisco's  Civic  Center,  al 
though  not  included  in  the  list  of  Exposition  palaces,  because  it  is 
not  on  the  grounds  of  the  Exposition,  is  nevertheless  one  of  the  most 
important  of  the  buildings,  for  it  has  been  built,  at  a  cost  of  $1,200,000, 
on  a  site  provided  by  the  municipality,  to  house  the  many  congresses 
and  conventions  scheduled  to  hold  their  1915  meetings  in  the  Exposi 
tion  City,  there  being  more  than  eight  hundred  of  these  conventions. 
The  building  is  of  steel  and  concrete.  The  great  audience  hall  be 
neath  the  octagonal  dome  has  seating  capacity  for  11,000  people  on 
the  floor  and  surrounding  galleries.  In  addition  to  this  there  are 
many  smaller  audience  halls  provided  with  sliding  partitions  so  that 
at  need  they  may  be  converted  into  twenty-six  halls  and  committee 
rooms.  The  site  which  the  building  occupies  is  bounded  by  Hayes 
Street,  Grove  Street,  and  Larkin  Street,  at  the  Market  Street  gore. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  Exposition  the  Auditorium  reverts  to  the 
city,  to  remain  as  a  permanent  memorial  of  the  Panama-Pacific  In 
ternational  Exposition. 

Carnation  Milk  Condensery. — The  Pacific  Coast  Condensed  Milk 
Company  has  constructed  a  special  building,  in  keeping  with  the 
architecture  of  the  Exposition,  just  to  the  south  of  the  Palace  of  Fine 
Arts,  for  the  purpose  of  demonstrating  the  actual  methods  of  handling 
and  distributing  fresh  milk  in  the  most  modern  and  sanitary  way — in 
hermetically  sealed  cans. 

This  is  the  first  evaporated-milk  condensery  to  be  opened  to  the 
public  in  the  United  States  and  is  perhaps  the  most  instructive  and 
educational  of  the  food  products  exhibited  in  a  special  structure.  In 
addition  to  the  operation  of  the  condensing  plant,  the  use  of  evaporated 
milk  as  a  substitute  for  ordinary  milk  or  cream  in  every  way  is  demon 
strated  by  cooking  experts. 

The  "contented  cows"  in  the  dairy  stables  of  the  Live  Stock  Section 
are  a  part  of  this  -exhibit,  supplying  the  fresh  milk  for  the  average 
quantity  of  6.000  small  cans  put  up  daily  at  the  condensery. 

Dogs  of  All  Nations. — Adjoining  the  Livestock  Section  on  the  east 
is  the  building  devoted  to  the  "Dogs  of  All  Nations."  The  animals 
exhibited  include  bench  show  dogs  and  utility  dogs.  Here  may  be 
found  Rear  Admiral  Peary's  Eskimo  dogs  that  made  the  dash  to  the 
North  Pole.  Many  interesting  events  are  scheduled,  including  show 
ings  of  champion  bench  dogs,  man-hunting  dogs,  war  dogs,  police 
dogs,  sheep  dogs  and  canines  of  rare  breeds. 

Gas  Kitchen.— The  Utility  Gas  Kitchen,  situated  immediately  out 
side  the  main  east  entrance  of  the  Machinery  Palace,  affords  visitors 
to  the  Exposition  the  opportunity  of  obtaining  dainty  meals  and  re 
freshments  at  moderate  prices,  and  at  the  same  time  illustrates  the 
practical  use  of  gasoline  gas  for  cooking,  lighting  and  heating,  as 
manufactured  by  the  Utility  generator. 

This  restaurant  is  part  of  the  Utility  Gas  Appliance  and  Sales  Com 
pany's  exhibit  of  their  various  types  of  gas  generators  shown  in  their 
booth  in  the  center  of  the  Machinery  Palace. 

The  House  of  Hoo-Hoo. — The  "House  of  Hoo-Hoo"  or  Lumber 
man's  Building,  is  situated  in  Forestry  Court,  in  the  Horticultural 
Gardens,  and  was  erected  by  the  Concatenated  Order  of  Hpo-Hoos, 
a  fraternal  organization  of  men  identified  with  the  lumber  interests. 

103 


The  building  is  an  exhibit  of  forestry  products;  the  walls  are  paneled 
with  specially  selected  panels  of  the  different  beautiful  woods  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  States.  The  exterior  is  of  logs  and  bark. 

The  Inside  Inn. — A  thoroughly  modern  hotel  has  been  erected  on 
the  grounds  for  the  accommodation  of  Exposition  visitors.  The  In 
side  Inn,  as  it  is  called,  is  situated  just  within  the  Baker  Street  en 
trance,  overlooking  the  Band  Concourse  and  the  Fine  Arts  Lagoon. 
Rates  are  from  $2.00  a  day  up.  Provision  is  made  for  admission  of 
guests  to  the  grounds  as  many  times  a  day  as  desired. 

Press  Building. — Just  within  and  to  the  east  of  the  main  entrance 
at  Scott  Street  is  the  Press  Building,  erected  to  provide  quarters  for 
the  Exposition  Division  of  Exploitation,  for  the  Exposition  bureaus 
of  the  San  Francisco  newspapers  and  for  the  reception  of  visiting 
newspapermen. 

A  general  information  bureau  for  the  accommodation  of  all  Expo 
sition  visitors  is  located  in  the  building.  In  connection  with  the  in 
formation  bureau  the  United  Press  operates  a  bulletin  service  of  the 
world's  news. 

Exposition  offices  of  The  Wahlgreen  Company,  publishers  of  the 
Official  Guide,  The  Official  Program,  and  the  Official  Catalogues  of 
Exhibits,  are  also  in  the  Press  Building. 

The  Redwood  Bungalow  is  situated  in  Forestry  Court,  Horticultural 
Gardens,  just  west  of  the  House  of  Hoo-Hoo.  It  was  erected  by  the 
Counties  of  Humboldt,  Sonoma  and  Mendocino.  The  serviceability 
and  the  beauties  of  redwood  for  the  construction  of  homes  are  here 
shown  to  the  best  possible  advantage. 

Southern  Pacific  Building  is  located  at  the  end  of  the  Avenue  of 
Palms  and  directly  south  of  the  Palace  of  Machinery.  This  hand 
some  structure  contains  truthful  reproductions  of  scenes  along  the 
various  lines  of  the  railroad.  Especially  selected  motion  pictures  are 
shown  and  competent  lecturers  explain  the  pictures. 

The  White  and  Sugar  Pine  Bungalow. — In  the  Forestry  Court  is 
another  modern  bungalow,  constructed  entirely  of  California  white 
pine  and  sugar  pine. 

Y.  M.  C.  A. — The  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  Building  or 
Enlisted  Men's  Club  House  is  on  the  Avenue  of  Nations.  The  struc 
ture  is  designed  primarily  for  the  use  of  the  men  of  the  United  States 
Army  and  Navy,  who  visit  the  Exposition  Grounds. 

Y.  W.  C.  A. — The  National  Young  Women's  Christian  Association 
has  a  building  in  the  South  Gardens,  just  west  of  the  Scott  Street 
entrance.  An  information  desk  in  the  main  lobby  furnishes  a  reliable 
list  of  board  and  room  accommodations,  schedules  of  trains,  and  facts 
about  the  Exposition  and  the  city.  A  large  lunch  room  is  open  to  the 
public  from  11:00  a.  m.  to  8:00  p.  m.  Films,  taken  by  Pathe, 
showing  the  work  of  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Association  in 
college,  city  and  country,  are  to  be  seen  daily.  A  national  exhibit 
of  work  done  in  the  household  arts  department  of  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  is 
on  display.  On  the  upper  floor  is  a  quiet  restroom  for  women.  A 
trained  nurse  is  in  attendance. 


104 


Portico  of  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  Building 

General   Information. 

Admission  to  the  grounds  is  Fifty  Cents  for  adults  and  Twenty-five 
Cents  for  children  between  the  ages  of  5  and  12.  School  children  are 
admitted  in  squads  of  twenty  at  Five  Cents  each,  during  school  hours 
and  when  accompanied  by  teachers.  The  grounds  are  open  from  8 
o'clock  in  the  morning  till  11:30  at  night. 

The  Exhibit  Palaces  are  open  from  9  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m. 

The  State  and  Foreign  Buildings  are  open  from  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

The  Zone  attractions  are  open  all  day  and  until  12  p.  m. 

Automobiles. — Automobiles  are  admitted  to  the  grounds  through 
the  Lyon  Street  entrance  on  payment  of  $1.00,  and  may  have  access 
to  the  portion  of  the  grounds  west  of  Administration  Avenue.  All 
automobiles  excepting  official  cars  are  excluded  from  the  remainder 
of  the  grounds  for  the  protection  of  visitors. 

Parking  spaces  will  be  found  at  convenient  intervals  outside  the 
grounds  arid  adjacent  to  the  entrances. 

Avenues  and  Streets.— See  Map. 

Bandstands. — Bandstands  where  concerts  are  given  daily  are  located 
as  follows:  Band  Concourse,  southwest  corner  of  Avenue  of  Palms 
and  Administration  Avenue;  Court  of  the  Universe,  north  of  the 
Service  Building;  and  the  Fillmore  Street  entrance. 

Barber  Shops. — There  are  two  barber  shops  on  the  Zone. 

Cameras. — A  license  is  issued  inside  all  gates  at  25  cents  per  day 
permitting  cameras  on  the  grounds  without  tripods  not  over  4x5  in 
size,  provided  negatives  are  not  used  commercially.  Special  arrange 
ments  may  be  made  for  autochrome  privilege  upon  application  to 
Cardinell-Vincent  Co.,  official  photographers,  studio  at  junction  of 
Zone  and  Avenue  of  Progress  inside  Fillmore  entrance.  Here  will  be 
found  a  complete  line  of  Exposition  photographs  in  all  sizes  and  styles, 
also  cameras  and  supplies,  film  developing  and  printing,  lantern  slides 
and  transparencies.  Pictures  of  conventions,  banquets  and  special 
events  made  and  placed  on  sale  within  an  hour. 

Catalogues. — The  official  catalogues  of  each  of  the  exhibit  depart 
ments  and  the  combined  catalogue  of  all  departments  are  published 
by  the  Wahlgreen  Company  and  are  for  sale  in  the  various  buildings. 

The  Official  Guide,  the  Official  Daily  Program  and  the  Official 
Maps  are  also  published  by  this  company,  and  are  for  sale  at  the 
various  entrances  and  elsewhere  about  the  grounds. 

105 


D.  A.  R.  headquarters  are  located  in  the  Grand  Canyon  on  the 
Zone. 

Electric  Chairs. — See  Transportation. 

Emergency  Hospital. — An  emergency  hospital  is  maintained  in  the 
Service  Building  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States  Health 
Service.  It  is  equipped  in  a  thoroughly  up-to-date  manner,  the  fit 
tings  representing  the  last  word  in  hospital  service.  All  details  of  the 
equipment  are  classed  as  working  exhibits  and  are  subject  to  award. 
There  are  two  motor-ambulances  of  most  approved  type,  a  corps  of 
doctors  and  nurses  constantly  in  attendance  and  facilities  for  handling 
emergency  cases  of  whatever  character.  Visiting  doctors  will  find  the 
medical  library  installed  at  the  hospital  one  of  the  most  up-to-date  in 
the  world  today. 

Fire  Department. — A  complete  system  of  fire  protection  was  in 
stalled  with  the  construction  of  the  Exposition  at  a  cost  of  more  than 
$500,000. 

There  are  three  fire  houses:  One  on  the  Zone  Plaza,  one  west  of 
the  junction  of  the  Avenue  of  Progress  and  the  Avenue  of  Palms,  and 
the  third  opposite  the  New  York  State  Building,  near  the  junction  of 
the  Esplanade  and  Administration  Avenue. 

The  equipment  affords  an  excellent  display  of  modern  motor-driven 
fire  apparatus.  The  three  fire  stations  are  open  to  the  inspection  of 
the  public.  Company  drills,  with  ladder-climbing,  life-net  jumping, 
etc.,  are  given  every  morning  except  Sunday  at  the  Zone  station. 

Free  Attractions. — All  of  the  Exposition  events  excepting  a  few 
special  events  held  within  the  race  track  enclosure  are  free. 

Numerous  aviation  performances,  carnivals  and  celebrations  are  on 
the  Exposition  calendar  of  free  special  events.  (See  Daily  Official 
Program.) 

Guard  Department. — The  guard  department  exercises  all  of  the  func 
tions  of  a  police  force  for  the  Exposition.  The  headquarters  of  the 
department  will  be  found  in  the  Service  Building  to  the  left  of  the 
Fillmore  Street  entrance  as  one  enters. 

The  matron's  office,  for  the  care  of  lost  children,  is  also  in  the 
Service  Building. 

In  the  annex,  to  the  rear  (west)  of  the  Service  Building,  is  the  desk 
sergeant's  office,  where  a  Lost  and  Found  Bureau  is  maintained. 

A  private  detective  service  is  maintained  by  the  Exposition  in  con 
nection  with  the  guard  department. 

Hospital. — The  United  States  Public  Health  Service  maintains  an 
emergency  hospital  in  the  Service  Building.  See  "Emergency  Hos 
pital." 

Hotels. — An  official  Exposition  Hotel  Bureau  has  been  organized 
for  the  protection  of  Exposition  visitors.  Visitors  are  directed  only 
to  hotels  that  have  agreed  not  to  raise  their  rates  during  the  Exposi 
tion  year.  Any  hotel  violating  this  agreement  is  cut  from  the  list  of 
hotels  recommended. 

The  Hotel  Bureau  maintains  offices  as  follows:  Flannery  Building, 
Market  and  Kearny  Streets;  Press  Building,  Exposition  grounds;  250 
Powell  Street,  and  at  all  railroad  and  ferry  terminal  stations, 

No  charge  is  made  for  the  services  of  the  Hotel  Bureau. 

106 


Hours  of  opening  of  buildings,  etc.,  see  "Admission." 

Information. — A  thoroughly  equipped  Bureau  of  Information  is 
maintained  in  the  Press  Building,  which  is  located  just  to  the  right  of 
the  main  or  Scott  Street  entrance  gates.  This  service  is  free. 

Kiosks. — Seventy-five  kiosks  for  the  sale  of  confections  and  sou 
venirs,  etc.,  are  located  at  various  points  along  the  main  avenues  of 
the  Exposition. 

Launches. — Regular  excursions  about  the  bay  and  to  the  U.  S. 
warships,  anchored  in  the  bay,  are  made  by  launches  from  the  Yacht 
Harbor,  weather  conditions  permitting. 

Life-Saving  Service. — The  United  States  Life-Saving  Service  holds 
regular  drills  from  the  permanent  station  at  the  extreme  western  end 
of  the  grounds. 

Locations. — For  location  of  buildings,  see  indexed  map  under  front 
cover  of  this  Guide. 

For  location  of  offices,  see  "Organization  of  the  Exposition." 

For  location  of  exhibits,  see  Official  Catalogue  of  Exhibits. 

Lost  and  Found. — A  lost  and  found  bureau  is  maintained  in  the 
Office  of  the  Guards,  in  the  small  building  west  of  the  Service  Build 
ing.  All  articles  found  on  the  grounds  are  turned  in  to  this  omce. 

Lost  Children  will  be  taken  to  the  matron's  omce,  No.  102  Service 
Building,  and  cared  for  until  claimed  by  parents. 

Marine  Camp. — The  First  Battalion,  4th  Regiment  of  U.  S.  Marines, 
is  quartered  on  the  grounds  west  of  the  State  and  Foreign  Buildings, 
in  a  model  encampment. 

The  camp  is  open  for  the  inspection  of  visitors. 

Military. — The  famous  forts  which  guard  the  Bay  ot  San  Francisco 
are  thrown  open  to  the  public  during  the  period  of  the  Exposition, 
and  target  practice  is  held  with  the  big  coast  defense  guns  several 
times  a  week.  (See  Daily  Official  Program.)  Three  regiments  of 
United  States  troops  are  stationed  at  the  Presidio,  which  adjoins  the 
Exposition.  Military  tournaments  will  be  held  on  the  grounds  in 
which  troops  of  the  National  Guard  of  the  various  States,  military 
organizations  and  cadets  will  participate. 

Motion  Picture  theatres  are  maintained  in  connection  with  numerous 
exhibits  in  the  several  palaces,  in  the  Livestock  Section,  in  the  rail 
road  buildings  north  and  south  of  the  Palace  of  Machinery  and  in  the 
following  State  and  Foreign  buildings: 

Oregon,  Idaho,  Illinois,  West  Virginia,  Washington,  Massachusetts, 
New  York,  Japan,  New  Zealand,  Norway.  Other  State  and  Foreign 
buildings  will  include  motion  pictures  in  their  exhibits  from  time  to 
time.  There  are  several  motion  picture  theatres  in  the  California 
Building. 

The  U.  S.  Government  has  motion  picture  lecture  rooms  in  the 
Palace  of  Mines,  the  Palace  of  Machinery  and  the  Palace  of  Liberal 
Arts.  Other  pictures  may  be  seen  in  the  Palaces  of  Liberal  Arts, 
Agriculture,  Food  Products  and  Education. 

All  motion  picture  performances  are  free.  In  general  the  theatres 
commence  operation  at  10:00  a.  m.  and  continue  at  intervals  through 
out  the  day. 

Officials. — For  names  of  officials  and  locations  of  offices,  see  "Or 
ganization  of  the  Exposition." 

Over  Fair  Railroad.— See  transportation. 

107 


Parcels  and  Packages  may  be  checked  at  any  of  the  stations  located 
at  the  entrances  to  the  grounds.  A  charge  of  ten  cents  is  made  lor 
this  service. 

Photographic  Studio  "Official"  inside  Fillmore  Gate  at  junction  of 
Zone  and  Avenue  of  Progress.  Complete  and  beautiful  Exposition 
photographs  in  all  sizes  and  styles  on  sale.  Cameras  sold  and  rented; 
iilms,  developing  and  printing. 

Postomce. — A  model  postoffice  is  operated  in  the  Palace  of  Mines 
by  the  United  States  Government,  where  all  Exposition  mail  is  handled 
in  view  of  the  public. 

Programs. — Detailed  programs  of  all  musical,  athletic  and  other 
important  events  of  the  Exposition  will  be  found  in  the  Official  Daily 
Program,  published  by  the  Wahlgreen  Company  and  for  sale  at  the 
various  entrances  and  elsewhere  about  the  grounds. 

Race  Track,  Polo  Field  and  Athletic  Field  are  located  at  the  western 
end  of  the  grounds.  Automobile  Race  Course. — The  mile  race  track 
and  avenues  of  the  Exposition  afford  one  of  the  finest  possible  courses 
for  automobile  races.  It  was  on  this  course  that  the  Vanderbilt  Cup 
and  Grand  Prix  Races  for  1915  were  run,  and  on  which  the  driver,  Resta, 
accomplished  the  unprecedented  feat  of  winning  both  races  with  the 
same  car  (Peugeot)  and,  more  remarkable  still,  of  winning  both  races 
on  the  same  set  of  Nassau  tires. 

Registered  Message  Service. — By  means  of  this  service,  operated 
in  connection  with  the  Exposition  telephone  system,  visitors  may 
make  appointments,  designate  rendezvous,  locate  missing  friends,  etc. 

In  order  to  file  a  message  within  the  grounds  go  to  the  nearest 
telephone  pay  station,  call  Fillmore  7000  and,  when  the  operator  an 
swers  ask  for  "Registered  Message  Bureau." 

The  operator  will  record  your  message  and  place  same  on  file  to 
await  inquiry  from  the  addressee. 

Messages  so  filed  will  be  delivered  upon  inquiry  by  telephone,  pro 
vided  the  charges  have  been  prepaid. 

Messages  will  be  held  for  twenty-four  hours. 

Charges:  Fifteen  cents  for  ten-word  messages  and  one  cent  for 
each  additional  word. 

Restaurants. — Restaurants  of  every  variety  and  price  are  scattered 
about  the  grounds,  a  dozen  or  more  being  at  various  points  along  the 
Zone. 

Smoking. — Smoking  is  permitted  everywhere  on  the  grounds  except 
within  the  exhibit  palaces.  In  many  of  the  State  and  Foreign  build 
ings  smoking-rooms  are  provided  for  the  convenience  of  visitors. 

Special  Exhibit. — United  States  Steel  Corporation  and  its  subsidiary 
companies  located  in  the  Palace  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy, — the  Expo 
sition's  most  complete  exhibit. 

The  Stadium  is  located  at  the  western  end  of  the  grounds. 

The  Stock  Forum  is  located  between  the  stock  barns  of  the  Live 
stock  Section,  west  of  the  State  and  Foreign  Buildings. 
Telephones.— (See  also  Registered  Message  Service.) 
Guards   will   direct   visitors   to  nearest   telegraph   or   telephone   sta 
tions. 

108 


One  of  the  Fadgl  Auto  Trains 
A  transportation  innovation  of  the   Exposition 

Ticket  Offices. — Railroad  ticket  offices  are  maintained  in  the  South 
ern  Pacific  Building  at  the  eastern  end  of  the  Avenue  of  Palms  by  the 
following  railroads:  Southern  Pacific;  Union  Pacific;  Chicago  North 
western;  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul;  Rock  Island;  El  Paso  and 
Southwestern;  Lake  Tahoe  Ry.,  and  Yosemite  Ry. 

Railroad  information  bureaus  will  be  found  in  the  various  railroad 
exhibits  in  the  Palace  of  Transportation  and  in  the  buildings  of  the 
Grand  Trunk,  the  Great  Northern  and  the  Canadian  Pacific  railroads, 
north  of  the  Palace  of  Machinery. 

Transportation. — There  are  four  methods  of  transportation  about 
the  grounds:  The  Overfair  Railroad,  the  Fadgl  Auto  Trains,  the 
wheel  and  bicycle  chairs,  and  the  Miniature  Electric  Vehicles. 

The  overfair  Railroad  has  terminals  at  the  southeast  corner  of  the 
Palace  of  Machinery  and  at  the  entrance  to  the  race  track  at  the  west 
ern  end  of  the  grounds.  The  railroad  runs  along  the  Esplanade  and 
the  Marina,  with  stations  at  convenient  points.  The  fare  is  ten  cents. 

The  Fadgl  Auto  Train  Service. — Local  trains  are  operated  on  the 
Zone  from  the  Van  Ness  Avenue  entrance  to  the  Service  Building 
and  from  the  Baker  Street  entrance  to  the  California  Building. 
Through  trains  are  operated  from  the  Fillmore  Street  entrance  to 
the  Massachusetts  Building,  the  Stadium  and  the  Live  Stock  Depart 
ment.  These  trains  are  operated  by  the  Fadgl  Auto  Train,  Inc. 

The  miniature  Electric  Vehicles,  generally  known  as  Electriquettes, 
are  comfortable  chairs  carrying  from  two  to  three  passengers.  Sta 
tions  are  maintained  at  the  Fillmore,  Scott  and  Baker  Street  entrances. 
The  rates  for  these  chairs  are  $1.00  per  hour  and  special  rates  of 
$5.00  for  the  day. 

The  wheel  chairs  may  be  hired  for  fifty  cents  an  hour  at  the  variou? 
entrances. 

Organization  of  the  Exposition. 

The  organization  of  the  Exposition  was  made  up  in  the  following 
manner: 

At  a  mass  meeting  of  the  citizens  of  San  Francisco  a  committee 
of  five  was  chosen,  which  committee  in  turn  selected  from  the  citizens 
at  large  a  committee  of  two  hundred,  called  a  Ways  and  Means  Com 
mittee.  This  committee  was  carefully  chosen  to  represent  all  interests, 
creeds  and  classes. 

109 


The  Ways  and  Means  Committee  appointed  a  committee  of  three, 
which  chose,  from  the  committee  of  two  hundred,  thirty  directors. 
THe  present  Board  of  Directors  is  as  follows: 

John  Barneson,  M.  J.  Brandenstein,  John  A.  Britton,  Frank  L. 
Brown,  George  T.  Cameron,  P.  T.  Clay,  William  H.  Crocker,  R.  A. 
Crothers,  M.  H.  de  Young,  A.  I.  Esberg,  Charles  S.  Fee,  Henry  F. 
Fortmann,  A.  W.  Foster,  R.  B.  Hale,  I.  W.  Hellman,  Jr.,  Homer  S. 
King,  Curtis  H.  Lindley,  James  McNab,  P.  H.  McCarthy,  Chas.  C. 
Moore,  Thornwell  Mullaly,  Dent  H.  Robert,  James  Rolph,  Jr.,  A.  W. 
Scott,  Jr.,  Henry  T.  Scott,  Leon  Sloss,  C.  S.  Stanton,  Rudolph  J. 
Taussig,  and  Jos.  S.  Tobin. 

The  Board  of  Directors  completed  the  work  of  organization  by 
choosing  a  President,  Vice-Presidents,  Treasurer  and  Secretary. 

The  President,  Vice-Presidents,  Treasurer  and  Secretary  and  the 
Board  of  Directors  serve  without  compensation. 

OFFICIALS. 

President Charles  C.  Moore,  Administration  Bldg. 

Vice-Presidents 

William  H.  Crocker,  M.  H.  De  Young,  R.  B.  Hale,  I.  W. 

Hellman,  Jr.,  James  Rolph,  Jr.,  Leon  Sloss,  Administration  Bldg. 

Director-in-Chief Dr.  F.  J.  V.  Skiff,  Administration  Bldg. 

Secretary Rudolph  J.  Taussig,  Administration  Bldg. 

Treasurer A.  W.  Foster,  Administration  Bldg. 

Solicitor  General Curtis  H.  Lindley,  Hobart  Bldg. 

General  Attorney Frank  S.  Brittain,  Hobart  Bldg. 

Comptroller Rodney  S.  Durkee,  Service  Bldg. 

Executive  Secretary Joseph  M.  Gumming,  Administration  Bldg. 

EXECUTIVE  STAFF. 

The  President,  the  Director-in-Chief,  the  four  Division  Directors, 
and  the  Comptroller  constitute  the  Executive  Staff. 

DIVISION  DIRECTORS. 

Director,  Division  of  Concessions  and  Admissions 

Frank  Burt,  Service  Bldg. 

Director,  Division  of  Exhibits 

Capt.  Asher  Carter  Baker,  Service  Bldg. 

Director,  Division  of  Exploitation. ..  .Geo.  Hough  Perry,  Press  Bldg. 
Director,  Division  of  Works Harris  D.  H.  Connick,  Service  Bldg. 

Each  division  director  subdivides  the  work  of  his  division  among 
various  departments  and  these  in  turn  are  subdivided  into  bureaus  and 
sections. 

DIVISION  OF  CONCESSIONS  AND  ADMISSIONS. 

Director,  Frank  Burt,  Service  Bldg. 

Assistant  Director,  Concessions  and  Admissions Jay  J.  Bryan 

Chief,  Department  of  Admissions Edmund  C.  Conroy 

Chief,  Department  of  Concessions Jas.  D.  O'Neil 

DIVISION  OF  EXHIBITS. 

Director,  Capt.  Asher  Carter  Baker,  Service  Bldg. 

Chief  of  Fine  Arts J.  E.  D.  Trask,  Palace  of  Fine  Arts 

Chief  of  Education  and  Social  Economy 

Alvin  E.  Pope,  Palace  of  Education 

110 


Officers  and  Executive  Officials 

of  the 
PANAMA-PACIFIC  INTERNATIONAL  EXPOSITION 


111 


Chief  of  Liberal  Arts Theodore  Hardee,  Palace  of  Liberal  Arts 

Chief  of  Manufactures  and  Varied  Industries 

Chas.  H.  Green,  Palace  of  Manufactures 

Chief  of  Machinery Lieut.  G.  W.  Danforth,  Palace  of  Machinery 

Chief  of  Transportation 

Blythe  H.  Henderson,  Palace  of  Transportation 

Chief  of  Agriculture T.  G.  Stallsmith,  Palace  of  Agriculture 

Chief  of  Livestock D.  O.  Lively,  Livestock  Section 

Chief  of  Horticulture G.  A.  Dennison,  Palace  of  Horticulture 

Chief  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy 

Chas.  E.  van  Barneveld,  Palace  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy 

DIVISION  OF  EXPLOITATION. 

Director,  George  Hough  Perry,  Press  Bldg. 

Editor Hamilton  M.  Wright 

Superintendent  of  Writers'  Section Arthur  H.  Dutton 

Manager  Bureau  of  Tours  Clyde  L.  Peck 

Manager  Bureau  of  Information F.  G.  B.  Mills 

DIVISION  OF  WORKS. 

Director,  Harris  D.  H.  Connick,  Service  Bldg. 

A.  H.  Markwart Assistant  Director  of  Works,  Service  Bldg. 

Guy  L.  Bayley 

Chief,  Department  of  Mechanical  and  Electrical  Engineering 

E.  E.  Carpenter Chief,  Department  of  Civil  Engineering 

A.  Stirling  Calder Acting  Chief,  Department  of  Sculpture 

Jules  Guerin Chief,  Department  of  Color  and  Decoration 

John  McLaren Chief,  Department  of  Landscape  Gardening 

George  W.  Kelham Chief  of  Architecture 

H.  D.  Dewell Chief  Structural  Engineer 

William  Waters Superintendent  of  Building  Construction 

Wm.  M.  Johnson Engineer  of  Water  Supply  and  Fire  Protection 

Donald  McLaren 

Assistant  Chief  of  Department  of  Landscape  Gardening 

W.  D'A.  Ryan Chief  Illuminating  Engineer 

Paul  E.  Denneville,  Supervisor  of  Architectural  Modeling  and  Texture 

Dr.  C.  C.  Pierce Chief  of  Hygiene  and  Sanitation 

Dr.  R.  M.  Woodward Chief  of  Medical  Bureau 

L.  F.  Leurey Assistant  Chief  Mechanical  and  Electrical  Engineer 

Captain  Edwin  Carpenter Commandant  Exposition  Guards 

OFFICE  OF  THE  COMPTROLLER. 

Comptroller,  Rodney  S.  Durkee,  Service  Bldg. 

W.  J.  Pearce Acting  Comptroller 

E.  H.  Hooper Assistant  Comptroller 

W.  A.  Grimmell Auditor 

E.  J.  Wagner Cashier 

Rodman    Robeson Paymaster 

C.  O.  Gowing  Purchasing  Agent 

F.  A.  Butler Supt.  Stores  and  Supplies 

CONGRESSES  AND  CONVENTIONS. 

Director,  James  A.  Barr,  Festival  Hall. 

W.  L.  Hathaway Commissioner  World's  Insurance  Congress 

Insurance  Ex.  Bldg.,  California  and  Leidesdorff  Sts. 

112 


'35  c. 


SPECIAL  EVENTS. 
Hollis  E.  Cooley,  Chief Service  Bldg. 

RECEPTION  COMMITTEE. 
California  Bldg. 

Wm.  T.  Sesnon Chairman  Reception  Committee 

OTHER  OFFICIALS. 

G.  W.  Stewart Musical  Director,  Festival  Hall 

A.  M.  Mortensen Traffic  Manager,  Festival  Hall 

O.  H.  Fernbach 

.Secretary  of  International  Award  System,  California  Bldg. 

W.  D.  Egilbert Commissioner  California  Bldg.,  California  Bldg. 

Frank  Morton  Todd    Official  Historian 

CALIFORNIA  STATE  COMMISSION. 

Headquarters  California  Building. 

^  The  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition  Commission  of  the 
State  of  California  was  appointed  on  February  19,  1911.  to  have  charge 
and  control  of  the  five-million-dollar  fund  raised  in  accordance  with 
a  constitutional  amendment.  The  members  of  the  commission  are 
as  follows:  Governor  Hiram  W.  Johnson;  Matt  T.  Sullivan,  President, 
San  Francisco;  Arthur  Arlett,  Oakland;  Chester  H.  Rowell,  Fresno, 
and  Marshall  Stimson,  Los  Angeles;  Secretary,  Florence  J.  O'Brien; 
Controller  of  Commission,  Leo  S.  Robinson;  Executive  Secretary, 
Harry  H.  Cosgriff. 

WOMAN'S   BOARD. 

California  Bldg. 

OFFICERS: 

Honorary  President Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  Hearst 

President   Mrs.  Frederick  G.  Sanborn 

First  Vice-President   Mrs.  Lovell  White 

Second  Vice-President  Mrs.  I.  Lowenberg 

Third  Vice-President Mrs.  William  Hinckley 

Fourth  Vice-President Mrs.  John  F.  Merrill 

Fifth  Vice-President Mrs.  Frank  L.  Brown 

Sixth  Vice-President  Mrs.  Ernest  S.  Simpson 

Secretary Mrs.  Gaillard  Stoney 

Treasurer    Mrs.   Philip  E.   Bowles 

Assistant  Treasurer Mrs.  Edwin  R.  Dimond 

Auditor  Mrs.  Charles  W.  Slack 

Directors:  Mesdames  Edson  F.  Adams,  Frank  B.  Anderson,  Mariana 
Bertola,  Francis  Carolan,  Aylett  R.  Cotton,  Sr.,  Joseph  A.  Donohue, 
Joseph  D.  Grant,  Reuben  Brooks  Hale,  Prentiss  Cobb  Hale,  I.  W. 
Hellman,  Jr.,  C.  Edward  Holmes,  John  Johns,  Henry  Krebs,  Jesse  W. 
Lilienthal,  Laura  McKinstry,  Robert  Oxnard,  Horace  D.  Pillsbury, 
George  A.  Pope,  Henry  T.  Scott,  Laurance  Irving  Scott,  William  T. 
Sesnon,  M.  C.  Sloss,  William  S.  Tevis,  E.  C.  Wright. 

Honorary  Vice-Presidents:    Mesdames  William  H.  Crocker,  Charles 

B.  Alexander,  Irving  M.   Scott,  John   C.   Bidwell,   Louis   W.   Moore, 
Emma    Shafter    Howard,   John    F.    Swift,    Louis    Sloss,    Berthe    D'A. 
Welch,  I.  L.  Requa,  Ellen  Tracy,  G.  D.  Stephens,  George  J.  Bucknall, 
A.  E.  Horton. 

Associate  Directors:  Mesdames  George  B.  Sperry,  Alexander  Rus 
sell,  C.  S.  Stanton,  George  Hough  Perry,  Mary  Austin,  Janet  Peck, 

114 


Minnie  Sabin  Cooper,  John  Flournoy,  A.  P.  Black,  A.  C.  Posey,  Edgar 
De  Pue,  Clinton  Folger,  Charles  R.  Lloyd,  John  F.  Boyd,  Henry  C. 
Campbell,  Mollie  Conners,  Louis  Risden  Mead,  W.  J.  McNulty,  Fred 
Svvanton,  A.  J.  Fairbanks,  A.  Z.  Sinsheimer,  Viola  Roseberry. 

The  Woman's  Board  has  formed  auxiliaries  in  every  county  in  the 
State,  giving  the  women  of  the  State  an  active  association  with  the 
Exposition. 

San  Francisco 

FACTS    ABOUT    THE    EXPOSITION    CITY. 

San  Francisco— "The  City  Loved  Around  the  World"— is  at  once 
representatively  western  and  cosmopolitan.  The  forty-niner  crossing 
the  plains  by  ox  team  walked  its  unpaved  streets  and  the  Spanish 
'padres,  conquering  the  burning  deserts  to  the  south,  established  a 
mission  and  dreamed  their  dreams  of  conquest,  campaigning  from  this 
point.  Here,  in  an  early  day,  from  around  the  Horn  and  across  an 
unknown  ocean,  with  snow-white  sails  all  set,  swung  through  the 
Golden  Gate  the  peoples  and  products  of  other  lands  to  anchor  in  the 
spacious  bay.  These  early  settlers  brought  with  them  energy,  courage 
and  devotion  that,  as  the  years  rolled  by,  has  become  imbedded  in  the 
character  of  a  city  that  was  in  its  very  origin  cosmopolitan. 

The  annual  mean  temperature  of  San  Francisco  is  56  degrees  Fahren 
heit.  September  is  the  warmest  and  January  the  coldest  month.  The 
mean  temperature  of  September  is  59.1  degrees  and  of  January  49.2. 
In  the  last  twenty  years  there  have  been  only  twenty-seven  days  during 
which  the  temperature  exceeded  90  degrees,  and  in  the  same  period  it 
has  not  fallen  below  32  degrees,  the  freezing  point.  The  differences 
between  day  and  night  temperatures  are  small.  The  warmest  hour, 
2  p.  m.,  has  a  mean  temperature  of  59.2,  and  the  coolest  hour,  6  a.  m., 
has  a  mean  temperature  of  50.9  degrees.  Such  a  climate  admits  of 
comfort  to  all  who  attend  the  Exposition. 

To  walk  the  long  esplanade  on  the  bay  shore,  the  blood  quickened 
by  strengthening  ocean  airs,  to  rest  in  the  balmy  sunshine  of  the  shel 
tered  courts,  to  traverse  the  miles  upon  miles  of  enchanting  aisles  in 
the  exhibit  palaces  in  perfect  physical  comfort,  will  be  one  of  the 
cherished  experiences  of  a  visit  to  the  Panama-Pacific  International 
Exposition.  Those  who  come  from  tropic  climes  and  from  the  heated 
sections  of  our  own  country  should  bring  with  them  warm  wraps. 

Located  in  the  center  of  the  long  coast  strip,  with  an  adequate  rain 
fall  and  a  large  area  of  tributary  territory,  San  Francisco  maintains 
a  confident  and  conservative  attitude  toward  future  growth  and  conv 
mercial  importance.  This  feeling  is  reflected  in  the  marvelous  pro 
duction  of  the  Exposition  at  an  initial  cost  to  city  and  State  of 
seventeen  and  a  half  millions  of  dollars,  and  that  within  half  a  decade 
after  the  recuperation  from  the  great  fire.  It  is  most  remarkable  that 
a  city  that  has  spent  in  eight  short  years  $375,000,000  in  its  renaissance 
—a  sum  equal  to  the  cost  of  the  Panama  Canal — should  also  build  the 
largest,  most  beautiful,  and,  what  promises  to  be  the  most  successful, 
of  world  expositions. 

San  Francisco  is  a  wealthy  city.  Her  bank  clearings  for  1912  were 
$2,677,561,952,  an  amount  almost  equaling  the  combined  clearings  of 
the  five  next  larger  cities  of  the  Coast,  which  were  $2,690,516,590  for 
the  same  period.  The  assessed  valuation  for  1912  was  $605,141,664. 
The  assessed  valuation  per  capita  was  $1,308.24,  making  this  the 
wealthiest  city  on  the  Pacific  Coast  and  the  fifth  wealthiest  in  the 
country. 

115 


Momentarily  leaving  the  Exposition  itself  out  of  the  question,  the 

visitor  in  1915  will  find  a  world  of  interest  and  information  in  San 
Francisco  that  can  not  be  duplicated  elsewhere:  the  sylvan  charm  of 
Golden  Gate  Park  with  its  Japanese  tea  gardens,  buffalo  and  elk  pad 
docks,  museum,  wonderful  walks  and  drives,  and  beautiful  gardens 
containing  the  products  of  two  zones;  a  visit  to  the  Cliff  House  and 
Seal  Rocks;  Sutro  Baths  and  Heights;  an  automobile  drive  around 
the  famous  Ocean  Boulevard  or  to  one  of  the  many  beauty  spots  down 
the  peninsula;  a  study  of  reconstructed  San  Francisco,  with  its 
Golden  Gate,  its  splendid  harbor,  ocean  frontage,  wharves  and  ship 
ping,  parks,  markets,  military  reservations,  old  Mission,  public  build 
ings,  historic  points  and  near-by  resorts — the  trip  most  interesting  to 
the  tourist  is  that  through  Chinatown,  visiting  the  joss  houses,  the 
Chinese  theaters,  bazaars,  curio  stores,  restaurants,  markets  etc. — a 
visit  to  the  Presidio,  a  sunny  afternoon  on  Fisherman's  Wharf  or  a 
lounge  on  one  of  the  many  beautiful  parked  squares  that  are  found 
at  convenient  intervals  and  serve  as  breathing  places  in  the  midst  of 
the  city's  business  and  bustle;  in  the  constant  stir  of  cafe  and  hotel 
forming  the  city's  night  life— anywhere,  everywhere,  he  will  be  im 
pressed  and  thrilled  with  a  feeling  that  here  on  the  farthest  shores  of 
earth's  greatest  ocean  the  world  is  taking  a  holiday  and  he  is  part 
of  it. 

POINTS  OF  INTEREST. 

Sutro  Baths.— In  Sutro  Baths  San  Francisco  possesses  the  largest 
indoor  salt-water  natatorium  in  the  world. 

The  baths  are  located  on  the  cliffs  overlooking  the  ocean  at  the  en 
trance  to  the  Golden  Gate,  affording  a  magnificent  view  of  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  sections  of  California's  scenic  coast  and  of  one  of  the 
city's  most  famous  attractions — the  Seal  Rocks. 

The  baths  are  reached  by  direct  trolley  from  the  Ferry,  at  the 
other  side  of  the  city,  over  what  has  been  called  the  most  picturesque 
street  car  ride  in  the  world.  The  "Cliff"  car  takes  one  through  the 
new  San  Francisco  and  for  a  mile  and  a  half  along  the  abrupt  cliffs 
that  form  the  south  wall  of  the  Golden  Gate. 


Interior  View  of  Sutro  Baths 
116 


A  number  of  features  have  been  recently  added  to  the  grounds 
surrounding  the  baths  that  are  certain  to  make  the  locality  the  city's 
most  popular  amusement  resort.  First  among  them  is  the  construc 
tion  of  a  concrete  promenade  just  above  the  beach,  where  visitors 
may  observe  the  ships  that  come  and  go  through  the  Golden  Gate 
and  watch  the  surf,  almost  within  reach  of  the  spray.  The  best 
view  of  the  famous  Seal  Rocks  is  to  be  had  from  this  promenade. 

The  entrance  is  through  a  replica  of  a  Grecian  temple,  while  the 
approach  to  the  baths  proper  is  down  a  broad  stairway  bordered  with 
palms  and  gardens.  At  different  levels  on  the  stairway  are  balconies 
and  promenades  with  accommodations  for  25,000  people. 

The  balconies  of  the  baths  contain  the  best  zoological  and  eth 
nological  museum  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

The  baths  are  composed  of  six  tanks.  The  main  pool,  holding 
1,310,000  gallons  of  water,  is  from  three  to  nine  feet  deep.  The  water 
in  the  main  tank  is  usually  at  ocean  temperature.  That  in  the  smaller 
pools  is  heated  to  various  degrees  of  temperature.  In  at  least  one  of 
the  pools  the  water  is  fresh  each  day.  In  all  of  the  small  pools  the 
water  is  completely  changed  at  least  every  other  day  and  oftener  if 
necessary. 

The  water  comes  direct  from  the  ocean  and  is  supplied  by  the  force 
of  the  waves  themselves.  It  is  caught  in  a  great  tank  on  the  water's 
edge,  as  the  waves  sweep  over,  and  after  running  through  a  settling 
tank  is  pumped  into  the  swimming  pools. 

Every  sanitary  precaution  is  taken  in  the  conduct  of  the  baths. 
The  bathing  suits  and  towels  are  thoroughly  sterilized  daily.  All 
features  are  subject  to  the  inspection  of  the  San  Francisco  Board  of 
Health. 

Sutro  Heights,  opposite  Sutro  Baths.  Home  of  late  Mayor  Adolph 
Sutro.  Fine  park,  beautiful  gardens,  magnificent  marine  view. 

The  Cliff  House — Vocal  and  instrumental  entertainment.  Dancing 
in  ball  room  every  evening.  A  la  carte  service. 

Golden  Gate  Park — One  of  the  most  beautiful  parks  in  the  world, 
transformed  from  the  most  unsightly  sand  dunes.  Extends  from 
Stanyan  Street  to  the  ocean  and  has  an  area  of  1013  acres. 

Presidio — U.  S.  Army  headquarters,  Department  of  California. 
Comprises  an  area  of  1,540  acres  and  is  the  largest  army  post  in  the 
United  States. 

Mission  Dolores — Properly  called  The  Church  of  San  Francisco  de 
Assisi.  Founded  by  the  Franciscan  Fathers,  October,  1776,  for  the 
conversion  of  the  Indians.  This  mission  is  in  a  fine  state  of  preserva 
tion.  Oldest  building  in  San  Francisco.  Open  to  visitors  from  10 
a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  daily.  Sixteenth  and  Dolores  Streets. 

Post  Office— A  handsome  stone  building  at  Seventh  and  Mission 
Streets.  In  addition  to  the  main  Post  Office,  the  Federal  Courts  are 
located  in  this  building. 

U.  S.  Mint — One  of  the  three  in  the  United  States.  Opened  Novem 
ber  12,  1874.  Visitors  every  day,  9  a.  m.  to  12  m.  and  1  p.  m.  to  3  p.  m., 
except  Sundays  and  holidays. 

Ferry  Building— Is  a  stately  structure  859  feet  long  by  156  feet 
wide,  forms  the  principal  gateway  to  this  city  for  travelers. 

Chinatown— An  Oriental  city  covering  ten  blocks. 

The  Civic  Center — The  governmental  buildings  of  San  Francisco. 
Erected  at  an  enormous  cost  they  combine  massiveness  with  beauty 
in  an  imposing  group. 

117 


SAN  MATEO  COUNTY 


IMMEDIATELY  adjacent  to  San  Francisco,  and  extending 
southerly  to  Santa  Clara  Valley.  Excellent  steam  and  electric 
railway  service.  Perfect  and  complete  system  of  asphaltic 
highways.  On  the  bay  side,  the  country  residences  of  the 
wealthiest  citizens  of  California.  On  the  coast  side,  dairy 
and  truck  farms  and  lumber  industries.  Climate,  mild  and  equa^ 
ble.  Abundant  yield  of  fruits,  flowers,  vegetables,  grapes  and 
olives.  Large  tracts  yet  open  and  available  for  residences,  farm' 
ing,  fruit  growing  and  other  industries :  Price3  reasonable  and 
attractive.  Scenic  features :  Great  Basin  of  giant  redwoods ;  chain 
of  lakes ;  ocean  shore  and  forest  drives.   Persons  residing  in 
the  county  are  within  quick  and  easy  reach  of  the  city  of  San 
Francisco.  In  San  Mateo  Pavilion,  State  Building,  Fair  Grounds, 
see  carefully  prepared  Relief  Map,  showing,  among  other  things, 
San  Mateo's  advantageous  proximity  to  the  Metropolis.  A  cor^ 
dial  invitation  is  extended  to  all  to  visit  San  Mateo  County. 
Personally  conducted  auto  tours  through  the  county  during  the 
Fair.  For  particulars,  inquire  at  the  above  mentioned  Pavilion. 


118 


VENTURA  COUNTY 

lENTURA  COUNTY  borders  on  the  Pa 
cific  Ocean,  four  hundred  miles  south  from 
San  Francisco*  The  State  Highway  enters 
the  county  at  Rincon  Creek,  running  into 
San  Buenaventura,  the  mission  city,  thru 
the  rich  Santa  Clara  Valley  of  the  South 
to  Los  Angeles  County.  A  part  of  the  State  Highway  is 
the  famous  Rincon-Sea-Level  road,  one  of  the  most  beau 
tiful  boulevards  in  the  world,  which  runs  along  the  Pacific 
Coast  for  fifteen  miles* 

The  lima  bean  crop  of  Ventura  County  alone  foots  up  the  splendid 
total  value  of  close  to  five  millions  of  dollars  in  a  year.  The  sugar 
beet  industry  produces  two  and  one  half  millions  of  dollars  per  year. 
Oranges,  English  walnuts  add  to  the  annual  wealth  production 
of  the  County.  The  dried  apricot  crop  of  Ventura  County  is  25.000 
tons  per  year.  The  largest  lemon  orchard  in  the  world,  the  Lemon- 
eira  Company,  is  in  Ventura  County.  The  first  attempt  to  mine 
petroleum  in  California  was  made  in  Ventura  County. 

San  Buenaventura  is  a  city  of  homes,  but  has  a  great  future  as  one 
of  the  main  resort  cities  of  California*  its  smooth  sand  beach  runs  for 
miles  without  an  undertow  or  trip  rip,  which  makes  it  the  safest 
place  for  the  bather  in  California.  The  climate  of  San  Buenaventura 
is  as  near  earthly  perfection  as  possible. 

Santa  Paula,  a  'town  of  3500  people,  is  filled  with  bustling  pros 
perity  and  is  the  center  of  the  Oil  Industry,  and  a  rich  orange,  lemon 
and  walnut  belt* 

Fillmore  is  a  center  of  the  citrus  industry,  apricots,  walnuts  and 
beans. 

The  State  Highway  runs  past  the  Montalvo,  El  Rio  and  Cama- 
rillo  settlement,  to  Los  Angeles  via  the  Cone  jo  pass  with  a  side  road 
leading  to  the  manufacturing  city  of  Oxnard,  the  second  town  in  the 
county  and  the  site  of  the  immense  factory  of  the  American  Beet 
Sugar  Company* 

Nordhoff  with  its  stately  oaks,  its  cloud-reaching  mountains  and 
its  wonderful  climate  is  considered  the  most  picturesque  city  in  Ven 
tura  County. 

There  are  fine  schools  in  all  the  cities  and  in  the  county.  Gas, 
water  and  electricity  are  practically  in  every  house  in  the  county. 

Ventura  is  one  of  the  richest  and  most  progressive  counties  in  the 
State. 

No  visitor  to  the  Exposition  will  have  seen  California  without 
seeing  Ventura  County. 

Address: 

Ventura  County  Board  of  Supervisors* 

Ventura,  California 


110 


C  o  u  n  t  y 
Pen i  n  s  u I  a 
Harbor 


The  Ostrich   Trtt 

n- 


ONTEREY  COUNTY  is  an  empire  alone  containing  over  two 
and  a  quarter  million  acres  of  valleys,  hills  and  mountains.  It 
invites  the  general  farmer,  the  orchardist  and  the  stock  and 
dairyman  to  its  domain.  It  excels  any  other  county  in  the  state  in 
apple,  potato  and  heet  culture  and  has  the  largest  sugar  heet  factory  in  the 
world,  and  a  climate  unexcelled.  It  has  more  Missions  than  any  two 
counties  and  our  good  and  wise  mission  fathers  took  the  best  when 
selecting  their  future  homes.  Salinas  City  is  the  county  seat. 
Monterey  Peninsula,  the  resort  section,  contains  Monterey  City 
Pacific  Grove,  Carmel-by-the-Sea,  East  Monterey  and  last  but  not 
least,  Del  Monte,  the  peer  of  America's  all  around  Summer  and  Winter 
resorts.  A  quotation  of  Wm.  Ritschel  from  Chas.  Rollo  Peters,  both 
world-famed  artists,  to  the  effect  that  while  other  spots  on  earth  con 
tained  some  one  thing  of  rival,  Monterey  Peninsula  combined  a  synthesis 
of  climate  and  sea  and  mountain  and  valley  and  river  and  forest  beauty 
unequalled,  if  not  superior  in  attraction  to  any  place  in  the  world. 
The  Harbor  of  Monterey  on  the  Bay  of  Monterey  is  undeveloped,  al 
most  unknown  and  unused  and  yet  it  is  one  of,  if  not  the  best  of  the  three 
great  harbors  on  the  California  coast  and  less  than  100  miles  of  railroad 
will  reach  the  centre  of  11,000,000  acres  of  the  richest  fruit,  grain  and 
mineral  section  of  this  great  State  and  place  it  in  touch  with  the  ocean 
commerce  of  the  Pacific.  This  magnificent  harbor  where  the  navies  of 
the  world  can  enter  and  ride  safely  at  anchor  but  a  few  hundred  feet 
from  shore,  offers  and  invites  the  Captains  of  Industry  to  investigate, 
and  it  can  be  safely  stated  that  with  the  opening  of  the  Panama  Canal, 
this  County  offers  through  the  Peninsula,  the  Harbor  and  the  cross 
State  Railroad  present  the  greatest  opportunity  for  investment  and 
doing  big  things  of  any  place  on  the  entire  Pacific  Coast. 


-D- 


For  further  information  literature,  etc.,  call  on  or  write 

The  Salinas  Chamber  of  Commerce,  Salinas,  Gal.;  The  King  City 

Chamber  of  Commerce,  King  City,  Cal. ;  The  Pa jaro  Board  of  Trade, 

Paiaro,  Cal.;  The  Monterey  Chamber  of  Commerce,  Monterey,  Cal.; 

Pacific  Grove  Board  of  Trade,  Pacific  Grove,  Cal.  or 

the  Board  of  Supervisors,  Salinas,  Cal. 


120 


MAKE  YOUR  HOME  AT 


HOTEL  DEL  MONTE 

THE  PERFECT  ALL-THE-YEAR-ROUND   RESORT 
On  Monterey  Bay,  125  Miles  South  of  San  Francisco 


VISIT  the  Exposition  by  motor  from  Del  Monte  via  the  New  Asphalt 
State  Highway  thru  the  beautiful  Salinas  and  Santa  Clara  Valleys— by 
the  San  Juan   Mission  —  the  Leland   Stanford   University  and  many 
wonderful  resorts. 

Thru  parlor  car  daily  from  San  Francisco.     Motoring  over  17-Mile  Drive 

VIA  SOUTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. and    Scenic    Boulevard. 

.  £     A  .  Tennis,  Archery,  Sailing, 

The  Riviera  of  America  surf  Bathing  and  Fishing. 

The  Golfers  Paradise 

Most  Wonderful  Park  and   Grounds 


American  Plan  Only. 


$5.00  per  day  and  up. 


The  Famous  Del  Monte  Golf  Course 

Only   five   minutes   walk   from   the   hotel    lobby.  Professional    Instructors. 

The  Pacific  Grove  Hotel 

Three  Miles  from  Del  Monte. 

Under  Same  Management.    American  Plan  Only. 
Rates  from  $3.00  up. 

Address  H.  R.  WARNER,  Manager,  DEL  MONTE,  CALIFORNIA 

121 


Napa  County 

Napa  County  has  everything  to 

offer  a  man  who  desires  an 

ideal  country  home. 


Address 

Napa  County  Board  of  Supervisors 

Napa,  California 


122 


Sonoma  County 

CALIFORNIA 


ITH  a  million  acres  of  the  best  land,  and  only  fifty  thou 
sand  people.  This  is  the  condition  in  which  Sonoma 
County  finds  herself.  This  vast  area  of  the  richest  land, 
with  only  a  small  part  of  it  under  cultivation,  is  capable 
of  supporting  thousands  of  home-seekers  in  luxury. 

Sonoma  County,  with  rail  and  water  transportation,  Is 
only  thirty-two  miles  from  San  Francisco,  and  all  parts 
of  the  county  have  easy  access  to  the  San  Francisco  Bay 
markets. 

Sonoma  County's  assessed  valuation  is  $46,000,000.  Sonoma  County 
has  six  incorporated  towns,  all  possessing  modern  improvements,  and 
serving  the  rural  districts  in  the  capacity  of  furnishing  material  and 
consuming  the  products. 

All  church  denominations,  fraternal  orders,  community  Chambers  of 
Commerce,  Women's  Improvement  Clubs,  splendid  social  societies,  and 
a  flourishing  Pomona  Grange,  with  subordinate  granges,  are  found 
in  the  county. 

Sonoma  County  is  famous  for  her  wonderful  scenery.  The  beautiful 
Russian  River  district  is  known  by  the  tourists  as  the  Switzerland 
of  America.  It  is  estimated  that  one  hundred  thousand  pleasure 
seekers  visit  the  resort  districts  during  the  summer.  Fishing  and 
hunting  are  abundant  in  season. 

Luther  Burbank,  the  greatest  horticulturist  ever  known,  selected 
Sonoma  County  in  which  to  follow  his  life  work,  the  propagation  of 
plant  life. 

We  will  furnish,  free  upon  request,  a  general  booklet  on  Sonoma 
County  and  individual  booklets  on  poultry,  prunes,  apples,  pears, 
peaches,  plums,  grapes,  hops;  grain,  hay,  corn  and  alfalfa;  citrus 
fruits,  quinces  and  olives;  cherries,  walnuts,  truck  gardening,  berries, 
summer  resorts,  dairying  and  hog  raising  and  manufacturing. 

Sonoma  County 

Panama- Pacific  International  Exposition 
Santa  Rosa,  Calif. 


123 


Are  You  Going 


to  be  one  of  the  many  fortunate  settlers  who 
will  locate  in  Santa  Barbara  County  this 
year  and  in  1915,  and  who  will  start  new 
homes  in  this  land  of  promise  and  plenty? 
Santa  Barbara  County  has  an  area  of  2630  square 
miles,  containing  many  fertile  and  thriving 
valleys.  It  is  an  attractive  place  for  agricul 
turists,  horticulturists,  investors,  home- 
seekers  and  those  in  search  of  rest  and  recrea 
tion.  Protected  by  a  chain  of  islands  on  the 

one  side,  and  by  lofty  mountains  on  the  other,  the  climate  is 
unsurpassed  anywhere  in  the  world;  the  mean  range,  summer 
and  winter,  being  only  twelve  degrees. 


Climatic 

Conditions 

Unsurpassed, 

Agricultural 
Possibilities 
Difficult  of 
Estimation. 

Land  Values 
Reasonable. 


Petroleum 

Production 

10,000,000 

Barrels 

Annually. 

Two  Hundred 
Miles  of 
Anticline 
Unexploited 


The  only  way  to  know  Santa  Barbara  is  not  to 
depend  upon  type,  but  to  see  the  county  itself. 
The  setting,  the  climate,  the  atmosphere,  all 
of  the  factors  that  go  to  make  up  this  favored 
locality — these  are  the  things  that  can  be  set 
down  meagerly  but  whose  impression  is  diffi 
cult  to  convey. 

What  with  the  orchard,  the  vineyard,  the  stock 
and  dairy  farm,  the  bean,  the  grain,  the  sugar 
beet,  the  mustard,  the  olive  oil,  the  walnut,  the 
lemon,  the  petroleum,  there  are  commercial 

possibilities,  big  business  ventures,  to  be  consummated  in  and 
around  this  beautiful  county. 


FOR  FURTHER  INFORMATION,  ADDRESS: 

Santa  Barbara  Chamber  of  Commerce 

Santa    Barbara,    California 

124 


Humboldt  County 

CALIFORNIA 

Ihe  Land  of  Opportunity 
The  Playground  of  the    West 

Its   2,325,760   acres   offer  greater 

and   more  varied  resources  than  any  other   county    in  the  State. 
Leads  all  the  counties  in  lumber  and  dairy  products. 

No  IRRIGATION 

The  cool  and  refreshing  summer  climate 
and    abundance    of  fish   and    game   make  it   the   unrivaled 

CAMPING  GROUND  of  CALIFORNIA 

For  information  and  descriptive  literature,  apply  to  the 
HUMBOLDT  BOOTH   IN   THE   CALIFORNIA  BUILDING  OR 
HUMBOLDT  CHAMBER    OF  COMMERCE,  EUREKA,  CALIF. 


THE  LEONARD  CLEANABLE 

ONE-PIECE   PORCELAIN   LINED 

REFRIGERATORS 

lake  a  clean  china  disk  of 


hart  shown 

in  the  Palace  of  Pure 
Foods,  on  Avenue  E 
and  Second  Street.  50 
styles  and  sizes.  Be 
sure  you  see  them. 
Prices  to  suit  every 
purse.  Samples  and 
full  information  free. 

Agencies  in  all  the 
principal  cities  of  the 
world. 

GRAND  RAPIDS  REFRIGERATOR  CO. 

Sole    Manufacturer* 
GRAND  RAPIDS  MICHIGAN,   U.   8.  A. 

125 


Finest  All- Year  Hotel  in  the  South 


Accommodating 
1,000  Guests 


The  trip  to  and  from  the 
California  Expositions 

is  most  enjoyable  through 
the  logical  gateway,  affording 
a  visit  to  Quaint,  Historic 

New  Orleans 

"The  Paris  of  America" 

No  resort  offers  so  wide  a 
range  of  pleasurable  occupa 
tions — Golf,  Polo,  Baseball, 
Tennis,  Fishing,  Hunting, 
Yachting,  Racing. 


European 
Plan 


A  well-ordered  hotel  for  a  discriminating  public  traveling 
for  business  or  pleasure 

Management  from  Waldorf-Astoria,  N.  Y.  City 
ALFRED  S.  AMER  &  CO.,  Limited,  Proprietor* 


The  New 


Hotel  Montelcone 


NEW  ORLEANS,  LA. 


A  HOTEL  of  the  highest 
•"•  standard.  Absolutely 
fire-proof;  500  rooms;  350 
with  private  bath.  Euro 
pean  plan.  Rates:  $1.50  up 
with  detached  bath;  $2.50 
with  private  bath. 

J.     D.      KENNEY 

Manager 


COST,  $1,600,000 


126 


Illumination  Effects,  showing  the  scintillator  and  the  "Court  of  Four 

Seasons." 

127 


PENNSYLVANIA  SYSTEM 

The  Standard  Railroad  of  America 


TIII'1  Pennsylvania  Railroad  System  consist* 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  General  Office, 
Philadelphia;  the  Pennsylvania  Lines,  Gen 
eral  Office,  Pittsburgh,  and  affiliated  lines.  It 
operates  in  15  States,  —  from  the  Mississippi 
River  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  from  Dulutli  to 
Norfolk, — where  more  than  half  the  population 
of  the  United  States  lives.  Never  before  In  the 
history  of  American  railroads  has  it  been  so  im 
perative  that  the  people  understand  the  railroads 
and  their  problems.  When  visiting  the  Panama- 
Pacific  International  Exposition  see  this  Railroad 
System's  educational  exhibit  In  the  Palace  of 
Transportation,  where  courteous  attendants  will 
look  after  visitors.  Ask  for  the  illustrated 
booklet. 

San  Francisco  Office,  40  Powell  Street 


HENRY  DISSTON  &  SONS 


INCORPORATED 


PHILADELPHIA,  U.S.A. 


Saws  .  Tools  .  Steel .  Files 


Visit  the 

Disston  Exhibit 

Avenue  C  and 
Sixth   Street 


Palace 

of 
Manufacturers 


displaying  in  motion  the  comprehensive  line  oj  Disston  products.    As  a 

masterpiece  of  mechanical  construction,  it  is  universally  interesting  and 

should  be  seen  by  everyone. 


Look  for   the  revolving  globe 


Reg.  U.  S.  Pat.  Off. 


Reg.  U.  S.  Pat.  Of. 


128 


Cf)e 

•OHHHHMa 

Hotel 


t  x  a 


R.  S.  KAMPMANN,  Managing  Director 

SAN  ANTONIO'S  Most  Beau 
tiful,  Convenient  and  Comfortable 
Hotel.    Built  in  Old  Spanish  Style. 


European  Plan  —  Absolutely  Fireproof 

OVERLOOKING  HISTORIC  ALAMO  ON  ALAMO  PLAZA 


Excellent  Appointments  Throughout  :   Service  and  Cuisine  Unexcelled 


Great  Northern 

f  f  ,  1  Jackson  Boulevard, 
II  Ol  PI  Dearborn  &  Quincy 
J.A.vrt.V'J,  streets. 

CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS 


$1.50  and  up 
without  bath 

$2.50   and   up 
with  bath 


CHICAGO'S    MOST 
POPULAR  HOTEL 

JOHN  C.  ROTH,  Managing  Director 


THE 


ST.  PAUL 
HOTEL  STPA"L 


MINN. 


is  the  newest  and  largest  in  St.   Paul. 

It  is  a  spacious,  fire- proof,    modern 

Hotel. 

Every  room  has  its  private  bath  and 

outside  exposure. 

RATES 

With  Shower  bath:  Single  $1.50 

Doable  $2.50 

With  Tub  Bath:  Single  $2.00  to  $4.00 
"      Doable  3. 50  to    5.00 


CHARLES  G.    ROTH,  Resident  Mgr. 

GREAT  NORTHERN  HOTEL 

CHICAGO,  under  same  management 


129 


FOOD  IS  OUR  SPECIALTY 


The   Restaurant    Refined 

Serving  Breakfast,  Lunch, 
Tea  and  Dinner. 

Our  Patrons  send  us  their  friends— not  for  "a  good  time" 
but  for  good  food  and  service  at  moderate  prices. 

The  Golden  Pheasant    32'36  Geary  St- 
i  iic  vjrumen  A  iiCetbdnL,  JustaboveKearny&Market 


It's    Worm    Your    While 

A  Demonstration  of  the 

Dalton  Adding,  Listing  and 
Calculating  Machine 

At  the  Dalton  Booth 

Corner  7th  Street 

and  Avenue  D 

Liberal  Arts  Building, 
Exposition  Grounds 


We  want  every  automobile  owner  to  try 
"THE    YOST    STANDARD    CARBON    REMOVER" 
Guaranteed   "Sure,    Safe  and   Clean" 

It  removes  soot  and  carbon,  cleans  cylinders  and  valves.  Saves  gasoline.  In 
sures  smooth  running  machine.  Easily  applied;  used  through  spark  plugs;  put  up 
in  tablet  form.  Your  automobile  equipment  is  not  complete  without  it. 

Trial  package  sent  postpaid  anywhere  $1.    Dealers'  price  on  application. 

Call  at    YOST-MITCHELL    MFG.   CO. 
1506  Market  Street  San  Francisco,  Calif. 


HOMES  IN  L.ALIFORNIA:  rarms, 
Orchards,  Dairies,  Suburban.    Free 
rrcatalog  issued.    All  counties.  Strangers  , 
cordially  invited.    For  30  years  we  have 
successfully  striven  to  find  for  our  pa 
trons   the   best   property   for  the   least 
money  throughout  California.    C.  M. 
WOOSTER  COMPANY,  303  Phelan 
Bldg.,   San   Francisco. 


G,  Galleazzi  &  Sons 

Musical  Reed  Instru-  \ 

ments 
Accordeon  Makers     \ 

476-478  Jackson  St,,S,h 

Exhibit  in  Palace  ot 

Liberal  Arts 
4th  St.,  bet.Aves.C&E 


VISITORS  TO  THE   EXPOSITION 


PHONE 
FRANKLIN 


Let  us  attend  to  your  Trunk  and  Baggage  Transfer 

801 


Office  at  FERRY  BLDG. 

Main  Exit  — 
Under  Ferry  Clock 


MORTON  SPECIAL  DELIVERY 

Oakland,  Alameda,  Berkeley,  San  Francisco          Storage  a  Specialty 
R.  KLEIS,  Proprietor  Main  Office,  361  ELLIS  STREET 


130 


Don  V  Pail  to  See  Our 

|">  /  Exhibit  one  block  west  of 

Bungalows    »s£*y»  PBI  & 

BEAUTIFUL  HOMES  AT  HALF  ORDINARY  COST 

A.L.£fJ.E.LUNDY 

Formerly  KENYON   PACIFIC   CO. 

Designers  and  Builders  of  Portable,  Non- 
Portable  and  Sectional  Houses 

MONEY    SAVERS    for    HOME    BUILDERS 

Office:  FRANKLIN  STREET,  NEAR  MARKET 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALIF. 


Make  a  note  of  the  location         Joint 

Palace  of  Machinery 


BLOCK    45,   AVENUE    I 

We  have  installed  an  interesting  ex 
hibit  showing  the  attainment  reached  in 
the  manufacture  of  Modern  Equipment 
for  the  Transmission  of  Power. 

A  TON  of  equipment  is  driven  by  a 
W  model  "  S  P  I  R  O  "  Compression 
Shaft  Coupling,  the  largest  shaft  of  this 
equipment  being  5"  in  diameter. 

All  moving  parts  driven  by  "  S  T  E  R- 
LING"  Oak  Tanned  Leather  Belting. 


Bond  Foundry   and    Machine 

Company.  Mfgs.  of  Power  Transmit 
ting  Specialties,  Manhtim,  Lancaster 
County,  Pa. 

Canadian    Bond   Hanger    and 

Coupling  CO.,  Ltd.  Mfgs.  of  Power 
Transmitting  Specialties,  Alexandria, 

Ontario. 

Charles  Bond  Company.   Makers 

Of  Leather  Belting,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


HOUSTON, 

TEXAS 


THE  RICE 

The  largest  and  most  complete  hotel,  in 
the  fastest  advancing  city,  and  most  re 
sourceful  state  of  the  south. 

600  Outside  Rooms       :        525  with  Bath 

$1.50  per  day  and  up 

Include  Houston  in  your  list  of  stopovers  to  or 
from  the  Exposition.   The  home  of  genuine  south 
ern  hospitality. 

HOMER  D.  MATTHEWS,  Manager 


NIPPON  cTWURA  £ miles  south  of  San 


Francisco  on  the  San 
Jose -Los  Gatos    Interurban   R.  R.     In  the  foothills  of  the  Santa  Cruz 
Mountains.  A  Japanese  Hamlet.  Open  all  the  year.  For  particulars  address 
MRS.  THEODORE  J.  MORRIS,  Los  Gatos,  Calif. 


131 


AMERICAN-HAWAIIAN  STEAMSHIP  CO. 

Coast    to   Coast    Fast   Freight   Service  maintained  by  26   Modern   Steel 
Steamers,  all  flying  the  American  Flag 

PANAMA  CANAL  "CRUISE  DE  LUXE,"  S.  S.  HONOLULAN 

First  Class  Passenger  Accommodations  Only 


New  York 
Boston 
Charleston 
Norfolk 

San  Diego 
Los  Angeles 
San  Francisco 
Portland 
Seattle 
Tacoma 

Hawaiian 
Islands 


S.S.Vireinian,  22OOO  Tons  Displacement 

WILLIAMS  DIMOND  &  CO.  DEARBORN  &  LAPHAM 

Gen'l  Ag'ts  for  Pacific  Coast  General  Agents 

310  Sansome  Street,  San  Francisco  8  Bridge  Street,  New  York 

$@T  Visit  Our  Exhibit  in  the  Transportation  Palace 


See  the   K  &  E  Exhibit 


Palace  of  Liberal  Arts 
A  Most  Comprehensive  Display 

gf 

Drawing  Materials 

Mathematical  and  Surveying 
Instruments 

Slide  Rules 

Naval  and  Nautical 
Instruments 

Measuring  Tapes 


KEUFFEL  &  ESSER  Co. 

New  York  Hoboken,  N.  J. 


CHICAGO 
520  S.  Dearborn  St. 


ST.  LOUIS 
813  Locust  St. 


SAN  FRANCISCO 
48-50  Second  St. 


MONTREAL 
5  Notre  Dame  St.W. 


132 


SEE    OUR   EXHIBIT 

Southeast  Corner  Block  44,  45  and  46 

Corner  Avc.   I   and  5th  St.,   Machinery   Palace 
WE   ARE   SHOWING   THE   FOLLOWING   MANUFACTURERS'  LINES: 

Name —  C.  H.  &  E.  Mfg.  Co.  Owen  Bucket  Co. 

A-lbrecht   Excavator  Co.       Clyde  Iron  Works  Russell  Grader  Mfg. 

Barber    Asphalt    Paving       Haslett  Spiral  Chute  Co.        Co. 

Co.  Iroquois   Iron  Works  St.  Louis  Steel  Foun- 

Ceresit  Waterproofing          Muggley   Differential  Co.         dry  Co. 

Co.  Patent  Scaffold  Co.  The  T.  L.  Smith  Co. 

1PARROTT   St   CO. 

San  Francisco  Office  Los  Angeles  Office 

320  California  Street  Higgins  Building 

Indoors  and  Out  o9  doors 

Citrus  Cream  gives  you  that  enviable  clearness  and  radiant  fresh 
ness  of  complexion 

CITRUS  CREAM 

the  new  cleansing  cream  made  entirely  of  lemons 

Visit  the  Citrus  Cream  Exhibit  in  the  Liberal  Arts  Building 

(Corner  nearest  the  Tower  of  Jewels) 
and  witness  the  manufacture  of  this  unique  California  product 

QUIET  REST  ROOMS  LEMONADE  SERVED 

LALGHLIN  FRUIT  REFINING  COMPANY 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


"TRIDENT"  WATER  METERS 

ARE  USED   EXCLUSIVELY  BY  THE   EXPOSITION  IN  CONNECTION 
WITH  ITS  WATER  SYSTEM  ON  THE  EXPOSITION  GROUNDS 

There  is  a  type  of  "Trident"  Water  Meter  specially  designed  for 
every  form  of  service 

NEPTUNE  METER  CO. 

Visit   Booth   23,   South    Machinery   Palace,   Exposition 

00  West  Street,  New  York  320  Market  Street,  San  Francisco 

308  Everett  Street,  Portland,  Ore.       411^  E.  Third  Street,  Los  Angeles 


THE  ARLINGTON  COMPANY 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

PYRALIN 

Toilet  Articles.    Ivory  Pyralin — the  Toilet  Ware  De  Luxe.    Combs 

Brushes,  Mirrors  and  Fancy  Goods.     Pyralin  Sheeting. 

Arlington  Waterproof  Collars  and  Cuffs. 

Pyralin  Lacquers  and  Enamels. 

THE  ARLINGTON  COMPANY 

ESTABLISHED   1883  725-727  Broadway  NEW  YORK,  U.  S.  A. 

133 


Exhibits  of  the  following  firms  are  in  the  Palace  of 
Machinery 


Contractors  Machinery  :  Road  Machinery 

EXHIBIT    OF 

Edward  R.  Bacon  Company 

SAN  FRANCISCO        :        LOS  ANGELES 

Representing 

The  Baker  Mfg.  Co.  Jaeger  Machine  Co. 

Fopte  Mfg.  Co.  Pawling  &  Harnischfeger  Co. 

Erie  Machine  Shops  Ohio  Locomotive  Crane  Co. 

Galion  Iron  Wks.  &  Mfg.  Co.  Universal  Crusher  Co. 

Troy  Wagon  Works  Co.  C.  J.  Young  Iron  Works 

Entire  Block  32-S 
Between  4th  and  5th  Streets,  Avenues  C  and  C-2 


IRRIGATION?  WESTERN 


Engine  is  a  complete  success.  Cheapest  watefy-when  your 
crops  need  it — is  money  for  you.  See  these  engines  in  opera 
tion  at  Block  1 5S,  Palace  of  Machinery,  and  leave  orders  there 

WESTERN  GAS  ENGINE  CORPORATION,  LOS  ANGELES,  CALIFORNIA 

Exhibits  of  the  following  firms  are  in  the  Palace  of 
Transportation 


HOLLAND-AMERICA    LINE 


REGULAR  TWINSCREW 
PASSENGER  SERVICE 

NEW  YORK— ROTTERDAM 

AND 


VIA     PLYMOUT 
BOULOGNE 


UR 


NEW  TRIPLE  SCREW  TURBINE  S.   8.    ' '8TATENDAM"  ^BUILDING) 


86,000  TONS  REGISTER 


40,000  TONS  DISPLACEMENT 


EXHIBIT  IN 

Palace  of  Transportation 

PASSENGER  OFFICE:] 

31 9  Geary  St.,  San  Francisco 

GEN.    PASS.   AGENCY 

24  State  Street,  New  York 

Chicago,  138  No,  La  Salle  St. 
Boston,  89  State  St. 
St.  Louis,  Locust  &  11th  Sts. 
Seattle,  108  Cherry  St. 
New  Orleans,  219  St.  Charles 


134 


PHONE  HAYWARD   251 


A.    B.   PETERSEIV,   Proprietor 


AN  IDEAL   PLACE   TO  DINE 

DUBLIN  CANYON  BOULEVARD 

Three  miles  northeast  of  Hayward 
17  miles  from  Oakland 


This  la  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  drives  about  San 
Francisco.  Visitors  to  tbe 
Exposition  should  not  miss 
it.  The  cuisine  and  service 
the  best. 


RESTAURANT    OPEN 
AT  ALL,  HOURS 

BANQUETS 
A  SPECIALTY 


"SAVE  YOUR  BACK  WITH  A  CADILLAC" 
Four   Models   of 

Electric  Vacuum  Cleaners,  $25.00  up 

Cadillac  Combination  Vacuum  and  Carpet  Sweepers 

Demonstrated  in  Our  Booth,  Sixth  Street,  between  Avenues  C  and  D, 
Section  27,  in  the  Palace  of  Manufactures 


Manufactured  and  Guaranteed  by 

CLEMENTS  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  Chicago,  111. 


TheTate  Flexible  Staybolt 

Recognized  as  the  standard 
for  Locomotive  Fire   Boxes 


450  Railroads  now  using;  this  bolt 
13,000,000   in   service 


FLANNERY   BOLT   COMPANY 

Manufacturers 
Vanadium   Building,   Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


J.  ROGERS  FLANNERY  &  CO. 
Selling  Agents 
Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

SEE    OUR    EXHIBIT    IN    TRANSPORTATION    BUILDING 


135 


The  Inside  Inn 

PANAMA-PACIFIC   INTERNATIONAL    EXPOSITION 


THE  ONLY  HOTEL  .WITH 
IN  THE  GROUNDS  OF  THE 


OPENING  January  15, 1915.  Absolute  fire  protection.  Individual  rates-European 
U  plan  $? 00  per  day  and  upward  according  to  style  and  location  of  room;  American 
plan,  rates  added.  Restaurants  and  Cafes.  All  outside  rooms  have  If  lvateJS2j '' 
Telephone  in  each  room.  Steam  heated  throughout.  Convention  and  Banquet  Halls 
for  large  gatherings. 

Under  the  Supervision  of  the  Exposition  Management 
Make  Your  Reservations  NOW  fSESSSEF' 


"BOSSY 
BRAND 
MILK 


In  Bottles — Not 
Canned. 

Noted  for 

Its  Rich,  Pure 

Flavor. 


United  Milk 
Company 

16th    and    Guerrero 
SAN  FRANCISCO 


136 


The  Savoy 

DENY  ER'S 

MOST  MODERN  HOTEL 


Sensible  Prices 


Every  Convenience 

Home  Comforts 
Cuisine   Unexcelled 


TAKE  ANY  CAR  at  WELCOME  ARCH  to  our  door.     Arrange  your  ticket  for  a 
liberal  stay   in   DENVER,   the   Motorist's  Paradise.     Visit  the  world- 
famous    Mountain    Parks — Lookout  Mountain,    Genesee   Park,    The  Red 
Rocks  and  other  scenic  beauties  of  the  Colorado  Rockies. 

R.   K.   STARKWEATHER,  Manager 


"•ANTLERS 

Colorado  Springs 

THE  LAND  OF  WONDROUS 
BEAUTY  IN  THE  HEART  OF 
THE  ROCKIES  WITH  ITS 
GREAT  PIKE'S  PEAK  AND 
THE  GARDEN  OF  THE  GODS,  i 


BREAK  YOUR  TRIP 

TO  AND  FROM  THE  EXPOSITION 
AT   COLORADO    SPRINGS 


IBE  SURE  TO  SEE  THAT 

'YOUR  RAILWAY  TICKET 

IS  ROUTED  THIS  WAY 


THE  ANTLERS  PROVIDES  EVERY  COM 
FORT,  CONVENIENCE  AND  LUXURY 
KNOWN  TO  THE  MODERN  HOTEL  COM 
BINED  WITH  PERFECT  SERVICE  AND 
FAULTLESS  CUISINE. 


W.  S.  DUNNING,  Manager 
137 


Wells  Fargo 

€J  World-wide  express  service  over  115,000 

miles  of  rail  and  steamship  lines. 

CJ  80,000,000  packages  handled  each  year, 

with  safety  and  dispatch. 

€J  4-day  express  flyers  from  coast  to  coast. 

fl  The  efficiency  of  a  mighty  organization 

heightened  by  a  personal  and  conscientious 

service. 

Wells  Fargo  Travelers  Checks  offer  tourists 

not  only  safety   and  convenience,   but  also 

Wells  Far  go's  personal  service 


SHIP  BY 
WELLS  FARGO 


TRAVEL  ON 
WELLS  FARGO 


Free  "movies"  at  our  pavilion^^^in  the  Transportation  Palace 


UARCO  SYSTEMS 


FOR  BUSINESS  PURPOSES 

AUTOGRAPHIC  REGISTERS,  BARKER  ROLL 
PAPER   TYPEWRITER   ATTACHMENTS 

UNEQUALED  for  Writing  Invoices,  U.  B.  L.'s, 
Express  and  Delivery  Receipts 

UNITED  AUTOGRAPHIC   REGISTER  COMPANY 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICE  AND  FACTORY,  CHICAGO 

At  Exhibit,  Block  30,  Seventh  St.,  bet.  Aves.  C&D,  Palace  of  Liberal  Arts 


You  Should  Not  Miss 

Seeing  and  having  the  most  up-to-date  modern  invention  demonstrated  to  you.    If  you  call  at  the  EXHIBIT  of 

UTILITY  GAS  APPLIANCE  AND  SALES  CO. 

Avenue  F,  Streets        Center  of  Machinery  Palace 

You  will  find  a  GAS  PLANT  that  you  can  install  in  your  own  home,  and  which  furnishes  gas  for  all  domestic 
purposes,  using  as  fuel  ordinary  automobile  gasoline.  The  Utility  Gas  Kitchen,  a  colonial  building  erected  outside 
the  east  entrance  of  the  Machinery  Palace  is  part  of  the  exhibit.  It  is  a  first-class,  moderately  priced  restaurant, 
and  the  cooking,  lighting  and  heating  is  entirely  carried  out  by  Utility  Gas.  For  literature  and  further  informa 
tion  apply  to 

UTILITY  GAS  APPLIANCE  AND  SALES  CO. 

240  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

11ft 


INDEX— GENERAL 


Page 

Administration   Avenue    66 

Admission   fee   to  Grounds 105 

Architects  of  the  Exposition....      20 

Architecture     19-20 

Argentine,  Pavilion  and  Exhibits     80 
A  Trip  through  the  Grounds.  .  .31-32 

Attractions,    free    106 

Australia,  Pavilion  and  Exhibits     82 

Austria,  Exhibits    89 

Avenue  of  Palms    35 

Avenue  of  Progress    39-40 

Balkan   States,    Exhibits    89 

Band  Concerts — (For  details  see 
Official  Daily  Program). 

Belgium,   Exhibits    89 

Board   of  Directors    .  .    113 


Pag« 

Board  of  Women    114 

Bolivia,  Building  and  Exhibits..      82 

Brief  Directions    15 

Bureau   of  Information    107 

California  Building,  its  Exhibits, 

and    Counties     100 

Cameras  and  Kodaks,  Rules....  105 
Canada,  Building  and  Exhibits..  82 
Carnation  Milk  Condensery .  . .  .  103 
Catalogs,  Official,  and  where  sold  105 
China,  Buildings  and  Exhibits. 82-84 

Color  Scheme   25 

Congresses  and  Conventions,  Di 
rector  of    ' 112 

Conventions  and  Congresses....    102 
Court    of    Abundance,    Architec 
ture,  Sculpture,  Murals,  Flora. 43-50 


Over  12  Million 
Policies  in  Force 


Over  2',  Billion  Dollars 
Life  Insurance  in  Force 


Home  Office  Buildings,  where  over  3500  Persons  are  Employed 

Investigate  The  Prudential's 
Splendid  Monthly  Income  Policy 

it  Guarantee*  aa  Income  CTCIT  month  for  5,  10,  15  or  20  years,  or  for  Life. 

THE  PRUDENTIAL  INSURANCE  CO.  OF  AMERICA 


FORREST  F.  DRYDEN.iPresident 


HOME  OFFICE 


NEWARK,  N.  J. 


VIC:  IT       THE    PRUDENTIAL    EXHIBIT,    SOCIAL     ECONOMY 
V  1  O  1  1        SECTION,    MINES    BUILDING.  

139 


INDEX—GENERAL 


Page 

Court  of  Flowers   36 

Court  of  Four  Seasons,  Architec 
ture,  Sculpture,  Murals,  In 
scriptions  61-64 

Court  of  Mines    43 

Court  of  Palms,  Sculpture,  Mur 
als  75-76 

Court  of  Universe,  Architecture, 

Sculpture,  Murals   52-59 

Cuba,  Building  and  Exhibits 84 

Daily  Events — (See  Official  Daily 
Program,  sold  on  Grounds). 

D.  A.  R.  Headquarters 106 

Denmark,  Building  and  Exhibits     84 

Department  of  Guards 106 

Division  of  Exhibits 110 

Division  of  Works 112 

Division  of  Exploitation   112 

Division  of  Concessions  and  Ad 
missions  110 

Dogs  of  All  Nations 103 

Electric  Chairs  (see  Transporta 
tion)  109 

Emergency  Hospital   109 

Esplanade    64 


Page 
Executive  Offices,  where  located     15 

Executive  Staff   110 

Exhibits    18 

Exhibit  Gardens    28-29 

Exposition  Auditorium   103 

Exposition  Colors,  Official 25 

Exposition,    General   Description 

17-19 

Exposition  Grounds,   how 

Reached    14 

Exposition  Guards 106 

Exposition  Officials    110 

Exposition  Organization    109 

Exposition  Sculpture 21-25 

(For  full  description,  see  Offi 
cial    Sculpture    Book,    issued 
by  Wahlgreen  Company,  and 
for  sale   everywhere). 
Festival   Hall,    Sculpture,    Flora, 

Illumination    38 

Fine  Arts  Exhibit— (See  Fine 
Arts  Catalog,  on  sale  in  Pal 
ace  of  Fine  Arts) 67-72 

Fire  Department,  Stations 106 


The 

Only 

Way 


To  see  the  wonders  of  the  Exposition  in  perfect  comfort  is  to  obtain 
a  Miniature  Electric  Vehicle  and  motor  about  the  grounds,  going  where 
you  please  when  you  please.  These  fascinating  promenade  automobiles, 
controlled  by  yourself,  may  be  operated  with  perfect  safety  after  a  few 
moments'  instruction  by  one  of  our  demonstrators. 

You  will  have  missed  one  of  the  most  novel  and  entertaining  features 
of  the  Exposition  if  you  conclude  your  visit  without  having  driven  about 
in  one  of  the  Miniature  Electric  Vehicles. 

Stations  at  all  principal  entrances. 

Rates:    $1.00  per  hour  for  vehicle  seating  two  or  three  persons. 

Concession  operated  by 
MINIATURE   MOTOR  VEHICLE   COMPANY 

This  company  desires  to  announce  that  they  design  and  build  miniature 
motor  vehicles  for  amusement  parks,  health  and  pleasure  resorts  and 
invalids. 

Amusement  parks  and  pleasure  resorts  offer  splendid  opportunities  for 
large  profits  to  those  operating  the  miniature  electric  vehicle  privilege. 
Get  into  a  highly  profitable  business. 

GRASP   THE   OPPORTUNITY   NOW 

Write  us  for  prices  of  vehicles  and  full  details. 

MINIATURE  MOTOR  VEHICLE   COMPANY 
Flatiron  Bldg.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Please  mention  this  publication. 


INDEX—GENERAL 

Page 
Florentine  Court 50 

Foreign  Nations  not  Represent 
ed  by  Buildings  89 

Fountain  of  Energy 32 

France,  Building  and  Exhibits..      84 

General  Information   105 

Germany,  Exhibits 89 

Great  Britain,   Exhibits   89 

Greece,  Building  and  Exhibits..      84 

Grounds,  Entrances  to   14 

Grounds,  Layout  of 18 

Ground    Map    of    the    Exposition 

Grounds   and   Buildings 

Special  Insert  before  page  1 

Guatemala,  Pavilion  and  Ex 
hibits  85 

Honduras,  Building  and  Exhibits     85 

Hospital    106 

House  of  Hoo-Hoo    103 

Illumination,   Exposition    29-30 

Illumination,  Tower  of  Jewels..      34 

India,   Exhibits    90 

Information,    General    105 

Inscriptions,       Monuments       and 

Buildings   30 

Inside    Inn    104 

Introductory     13 

Italy,  Buildings  and  Exhibits...      85 
Japan,  Buildings  and  Exhibits..      85 
Jewels  of  "Tower  of  Jewels"...      34 
Live  Stock  Section,  Events,  Ex 
hibits     78-79 

Location  of  Buildings — (See 
Map,  Special  Insert,  page  1). 

Location  of  Exhibits — (See  Offi 
cial  Catalog  and  Official  Di 
rectory  of  Exhibits,  on  sale  in 
each  Palace  and  elsewhere). 

Location  of  Exposition    18 

Lost  and  Found   107 

Lost  Children 107 

Luxemberg,    Exhibits 90 

Main    Gardens    27 

Marine    Camp    107 

Marina,   location  of 15 

Materials     used     in     Exposition 

Palaces     20 

Matron's   Office    106 

Motion    Pictures    107 

Mural  Paintings   27 

(For  full  description,  see  Offi 
cial  Sculpture  and  Mural 
[Handbook]  issued  by  The 
Wahlgreen  Company,  and 
for  sale  on  the  Grounds  and 
elsewhere.) 


Chicago's 
Great  Hotel 

An  unsurpassed  home  for 
a  day  or  a  month.  Erected 
in  the  center  of  the  busi 
ness,  shopping  and  theatre 
district,  at  a  cost  of  more 
than  three  million  dollars. 
Convenient  to  all  trans 
portation  lines. 

750  rooms,  all  with  private 
baths,  at  rates  averaging  one 
dollar  less  per  day  than  those 
of  any  other  hotel  operated  on 
the  same  plane  of  excellence. 
Make  your  home  while  in  Chi 
cago  at  the  new 

Hotel 
Sherman 

Randolph  Street  at  Clark 

Home  of  the  famous  restau 
rant    The  College  Inn. 
Single  rooms  $2.00,  $2.50,  $3.00, 
$3.50,  $4.00.  Double  rooms  $3.50, 
$4.00,  $5.00,  $6.00.    Suites  $5.00 
to  $15.00. 
HOTEL      SHERMAN      COMPANY 

'..     •  ;::  ::::. 


141 


INDEX— GENERAL 


Page 

Music    101 

(For  detailed  Program  of  Con 
certs,  Special  Events,  see 
Official  Daily  Program  on 
Grounds). 

Netherlands,    Pavilion    and    Ex 
hibits    85 

New    York   City    97 

New  Zealand,   Pavilion  and    Ex 
hibits     86 

Norway,   Pavilion  and  Exhibits.      86 

Officials    109 

Origin    and    History    of    Exposi 
tion     17 

Original   Cost  of  Exposition 17 

Overfair    Railway     (see    Trans 
portation)    109 

Palaces  and  Courts   31 

Palace     of    Agriculture,     Archi 
tecture,    Exhibits    60-61 

Palace    of    Education,    Architec 
ture,    Sculpture,    Exhibits 73-74 

Palace    of    Fine   Arts,    Architec 
ture,   Sculpture,  Murals 67-72 


Page 

Palace    of    Horticulture,    Archi 
tecture,    Exhibits    77 

Palace  of  Liberal  Arts   76-77 

Palace    of   Machinery,    Architec 
ture,    Sculpture,    Exhibits 40-41 

Palace    of   Manufactures,    Sculp 
ture  and  Exhibits    36 

Palace  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy, 

Architecture,   Exhibits    41-43 

Palace  of  Pure  Foods,  Architec 
ture,  Sculpture,  Exhibits 66-67 

Palace   of  Transportation 50-51 

Palace  of  Varied  Industries,  Ar 
chitecture,  Sculpture,  Exhibits     39 

Panama  Building 87 

Parcels  and  Packages    108 

Persia,   Exhibits    90 

Philippine    Islands,     location    of 

Building  and  Exhibits 95-96 

Points  of  Interest   116 

Portugal,   Pavilion  and  Exhibits     87 

Preparation   of  Grounds    17 

Press   Building    104 

Programs,    Special    Events,    etc., 

See  Official   Daily   Program. 
Redwood   Bungalow    104 


Go  To  BLOCK  33— (Avenue  A  and  Seventh  St.) 

Palace  of  Manufacturers 


There  you  will  see   one   of   our  looms 
in  the  actual  operation  of  manufacturing 


TH.A.DE  MARK  REG.  U.S.    PAT.    OFF\j 

— the  best  known,  most  widely  used  and 
most  extensively  advertised  floor  covering 


Made  in  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  United  States 
of  America,   for  use  all  over  the  world 

CREX  CARPET  COMPANY,  1134  Broadway,  N.  Y. 


142 


INDEX— GENERAL 


Page 

Registered   Messenger   Service.  .    108 
Rules  governing  Automobiles...    105 

Rules   governing  Cameras 105 

San   Francisco,   Facts   about   the 

City 115 

Scope  of  Exposition 18 

Sculpture,   List   of    24-25 

S?iam,  Pavilion  and  Exhibits 87 

Southern  Pacific  Building 104 

South  'Gardens    35 

Spain,   Exhibits    90 

Special   Events    101 

(For    full    list    of,    see    Official 
Daily  Program  on  Grounds.) 

Special  Structures    103 

State   Commission,   California.  .  .    114 
State  and  Foreign  Buildings....      80 

State  and  Foreign  Participation, 
Nations  Represented  80-90 

States  and  Territories  Repre 
sented  91-100 

Sweden,  Building  and  Exhibits. 87-89 

Switzerland,  Exhibits   90 

Ticket  Offices 109 

Title  Page 11 

Tower  of  Jewels,  Sculpture,  Mur 
als,  Inscriptions,  Illumination, 

Jewels     " 32-34 

Transportation 109 

Turkey,    Pavilion    and    Exhibits.      89 

United  States  Government 90 

Uruguay,    Exhibits    90 

U.   S.   Government   Exhibits 91 

Utility  Gas  Kitchen 103 

Venetian  Court   59-60 

Views  and  Vistas  of  the  Expo 
sition  79 

Wahlgreen  Company,  The,  Expo 
sition  Offices  104 

White  and  Sugar  Pine  Bungalow   104 

Woman's  Board 114 

Y.  M.  C.  A 104 

Y.  W.  C.  A 104 

Zone 101 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Air     49 

Arch  of  the  Rising  Sun 51 

Argentine  Building    81 

Auto  Trains    109 

Board  of  Directors  .  .    113 


Economical 
Luxurious 
Convenient 


The  traveling  public  will 
find  Chicago's  newest  ho 
tel  a  most  convenient  and 
comfortable  home. 


Only  hotel  in  Chicago  with 
direct  transportation  at  its 
doors  to  all  parts  of  the  city. 


Fort 

Dearborn 
Hotel 


Chicago 


Offtsite  La  Salle  Street  Station. 
La  Salle  Street  at  Van  Buren. 
Every  room  an  outside  room 
—  with  either  bath  or  toilet. 


$1.50,  $2.00,  $2.50 -no  higher 

HOTEL  SHERMAN  COMPANY 


Illllllllllllli 


A  Land  of  Opportunity —  Thirty  Years'  Time 

a  paradise  of  Health — in  The  Best  Proposition  in  America 

all  California  there  is  no  <;  on  the  finest  land  in  the  entire  West 

lovelier  spot  than  the 
Sunset  Lake  Country.  It's 
the  Switzerland  of  Amer 
ica.  Your  visit  to  Cali 
fornia  will  be  incomplete 
unless  you  see  it. 
WE  TAKE  CARE  OF 

THE  SETTLER 

At  every  turn  we  rep 
resent  him  and  look  out 
for  his  interests.  There 
are  500,000  acres  adja 
cent  to  our  line  for  sale 
on  thirty  years'  time. 


SIERRA 

NEVADA 

ROUTE 


Some      of      it     may     be 
leased  on  shares.     In  the 
settlement  of  these  lands 
the     homeseekers'     inter 
ests     are     our     interests. 
The    soil    is    dark    loam; 
climate  unsurpassed. 
Write  NOW  to 
R.    M.   COX, 
Gen.  Mgr.  Nevada  Cali 
fornia  Oregon  Railway, 
Reno,  Nevada,   or 

M.    KELSON, 

Colonization    Agent, 

451  Pbelan  Building, 

San  Francisco 


AN  EXHIBIT  OF 


KARPEN  SruHAoRLAs?SiB  FURNITURE 


be   made  in  the  Manufacturers  Building  at  the 
Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition 

Examples  of  the  World's  finest  line  of  Upholstered  Furniture  will  be 
displayed.  Whether  your  taste  be  for  delicately  carved  pieces  for  ar 
tistic  effect  or  the  luxuriously  Upholstered  Pieces,  desired  solely  for 
comfort,  you  will  find  designs  in  this  extensive  line  to  meet  your 
wants.  You  are  cordially  invited  to  visit  the  exhibit. 

S.  KARPEN  &  BROS. 

CHICAGO  NEW  YORK 


Don't  Fail  to  See  the  Display  of 

Bean  Spray  Pump  Co, 


Western 
Factory 

San  Jose 
Calif. 


Eastern 
Factory 

Lansing 
Mich. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


Hand  and  Power  Sprayers 

Centrifugal  Pumps 
Gas  and  Distillate  Engines 

We  have  a  complete  exhibit  of  sprayer!*,  pumps,  and  engines  in> 
operation.  You  will  find  our  display  in  the  Palace  of  Horticulture — 
just  to  the  right  of  the  Cuban  Garden, — which  is  located  under  the 
central  dome,  the  largest  and  most  magnificent  dome  ««  the  world. 
Make  our  location  your  Exposition  Headquarters. 


144 


INDEX— GENERAL 

Illustrations — Continued 

Page 

California  Building   100 

Court  of  Palms 74 

Detail  Fountains  of  Setting  and 

Rising    Sun     55 

End   of  the  Trail    73 

Effects  of  Illumination 127 

Executive  Officials Ill 

Feast   of   Sacrifice    61 

First  and  Second  Panels,   Foun 
tain   of  the   Earth    45 

Floor  Plan,  Palace  of  Fine  Arts  70 

Fountain  of  Energy 16 

Fountain  of  Spring   62 

Four   Elements    56 

Group   of  Foreign  Buildings....  83 

Mural    Painting   by   Du   Mond...  26 

Mural  Painting  by  Simmons....  26 

Nations  of  the  East    54 

Nations   of   the  "West    53 

North   Sea    31 

Palace  of  Fine  Arts 68 

Palace   of   Liberal   Arts    35 

Palace  of  Machinery 40 

Panel     on     Rotunda,     Palace     of 

Fine   Artd    69 

Philippine    Building    95 

Plateresque  Portal   ..." 42 

Pursuit   of   Pleasure    75 

Rising  Sun    23 

Setting    Sui.    22 

Siam  Building   86 

South  Gardens 12 

Sutro  Baths    116 

Swedish  Buildins   88 

Third  and  Fourtn  Panels,  Foun 
tain  of  the  tiarth   46 

Washington  Stare  Building   ....  98 
Water    Sprite     Beauty    and    the 

Beast     37 

Yacht  Harbor  and   Esplanade...  65 

Y.  W.  C.  A.  Building 105 

ADVERTISEMENTS— Classified 

AiluniK    Machines. 

Dalton  Adding  Machine  Co 130 

Antograpmc    Registers. 

United  Autographic  Register  Co     138 


Sing  Fat  Co. 


Leading  Oriental 
Bazaar 

S.W.  Cor.  California  St. 

and  Grant  Ave. 

CHINATOWN 

BRANCH 

Geary  St.,  near  Grant  Ave. 
SAN  FRANCISCO 

ALSO 

South  Broadway  at  6th  St. 
LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


SEE  OUR  EXHIBIT 

Right     Hard     Entrance     Chinese 

Government    Building,    next    to 

Canada    Building 


145 


View  of  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago,  showing  The  Blackstone  in  the  foreground 


The  most  talked  of  and  the  best  thought  of  Hotel  in  the  United  States.    Rates  as  low  as  $2.50  per  day 

THE  DRAKE  HOTEL  COMPANY,  Owners  and  Managers 


6  BELLEVUE- STRATFORD 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


8OO     ROOMS 


Considered  by   many  to  be  the  finest 
hotel  in  the  United  States. 


Beautiful  Furnishings 
Cuisine  and  Service  Unsurpassed 


The  Bellevue-Stratford  Hotel  is  under 
the  same  management  as 

The  Waldorf-Astoria 

NEW  YORK 


146 


ADVERTISEMENTS— Classified 


Baggage  Transfer. 

Morton  Special  Delivery    130 

Bolts. 

Flannery  Bolt  Co 135 

Bonds  and   Lands. 

Van  Bokkelen  Bros 160 

Carbon  Remover. 

J.  L.   Yost  Mfg.  Co 130 

Catalogue. 

Fine  Arts  Official   159 

Certificates    of    Visitation. 

Foster,  Capt.  J.  Rupert 9 

Contractors'  Machinery. 

Edward  R.  Bacon  Co 134 

Counties. 

Alameda   County,   back   Grounds 

Map    Insert 

Humboldt  County 125 

Monterey  County   120 

Napa  County    122 

San  Mateo  County 118 

Santa  Barbara  County   124 

Sonoma  County 123 

Ventura  County    119 

Drawing   Materials. 

Keuffel  &  Esser  Co.    .- 132 

Electric  Vehicles. 
Miniature  Electric  Vehicle  Co...    140 

Electrical    Goods. 

Apple   Electric   Co 4 

Splitdorf  Electrical  Co 4 

Westinghouse    Electric    &    Mfg. 
Co Inside  front  cover 

Elevators. 

Otis  Elevator  Co.   .  6 


Engines,  Gas  and  Distillate. 

Bean  Spray  Pump 144 

Express   Companies. 

American   Express  Co 159 

Wells  Fargo  Co 138 

Floor  Covering  and  Carpets. 

Crex  Carpet  Co 142 

Fruit  Refining. 
Laughlin  Fruit  Refining  Co 133 

Food  Products. 
Libby,  McNeill  &  Libby...3rd  cover 


San  Francisco's 
Newest  Hotel 

Facing  the  Plaza  of  Union 
Square,  with  an  eight-minute 
car  service  to  the  Exposition,  the 
Plaza  Hotel  offers  an  unsur 
passed  home  for  a  day,  month, 
or  indefinite  period. 

400  rooms,  nearly  all  with  private 
baths.  Daily  rates,  European 
plan,  $2.00  to  $6.50. 

Dining  room  featuring  a  table 
d'hote  service  —  Luncheon,  50c; 
Dinner,  $1.00. 


Make    your    home    while    in    San 
Francisco  at  the  new 

Hotel  Plaza 

N.  W.  Cor.  Post  and  Stockton  Sts. 

The    Hotel    Plaza    is    under    the 
management  of  John   G.   Barker. 


147 


FRED. PPLAGEM ANN,  PROP 


COR. 
POWELL  &ELLISSTS. 


The  Golden  West 
Offers   a   convenient  location 
from  which  to  visit  the  Expo 
sition.     On  Powell  Street,  the  location 
of  the  leading  hotels.     Rates — single, 
$1.00  to  $2.50  without  bath.     $2  to 
$4   with   bath.     Make   reservations 
direct. 


RAJDKE    &   CO. 

219    F»OST   STREET 

Three  Doors  Above  Grant  Avenue  Two  Blocks  from  the  St.  Francis  or  Palace  Hotels 

The  House  of  California  Souvenirs 

CALIFORNIA  PRECIOUS  AND  SEMI-PRECIOUS  STONES, 
PANAMA-PACIFIC  SOUVENIR  SPOONS,  CALIFORNIA 
NOVELTIES. 

Complete   stock   of    DIAMONDS,   JEWELRY,   WATCHES   and 
STERLING  SILVER  WARE,  in  the  Best  Prevailing  Designs. 
Soecial  Attention  in  Executing  Rush   Orders  for  Visitors 


Say 

"GRAND   PACIFIC 


TO  THE  TAXI-DRIVER 
WHEN  YOU  REACH 


CHICAGO 

Now  under  the  personal  direction  of  JAMES  T.  CLYDE 


EUROPEAN  PLAN 
$1.50    PER    DAY    UPWARDS 

LOCATION  in  the  center  of  everything. 
Famously  good  Restaurants  and 
Cafes.  BIGGEST,  BRIGHTEST  and 
BEST  SAMPLE  ROOMS  WITH  BATH 
IN  THE  CITY.  A  modern  hotel  with 
courteous  personal  attention. 


CORNER  JACKSON  BOULEVARD  AND  CLARK  STREET 

148 


WEAR 

Mayerle's  Eyeglasses 

Avoid  annoyance  and  inconvenience  in 
changing  glasses  when  you  wish  to  see 
far,  or  near,  as  the  case  may  be.  Both 
the  reading  and  distance  corrections  are 
combined  in  one  lens.  They  develop 
your  memory  as  well  as  rapidity  and 
accuracy  of  vision,  and  are  such  a  help 
to  the  mind  that  you  can  EASILY 
REMEMBER  what  you  See,  Read 
or  Study. 
May  erle  '  s  Glasses  are  absolutely  guaranteed 

GEORGE  MAYERLE 

Graduate  Optician  and  Optometrist 

Established   20  Years 

960   MARKET   ST.,   Sail  Francisco 

ppposite  the  Empress  Theater 

Mayerle's  Eyewater  Freshens 

and  Strengthens  the  Eye 


At  Druggists,  50c;  by  Mail,  65c. 

Telephone   Franklin   3279 
Open  Evenings  by  Appointment 


Hotel  Appleton 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

Opened  to  the  public  May  1, 1915 
Located  in  the  heart  of  down 
town  San  Francisco 


A  hotel  of  modern  appoint 
ments  in  every  respect.  Cafe 
a  la  carte  in  connection. 


Rates: 

1  person,    without  bath,  $1.00  up 

2  persons,      "  1.50  up 

1  person,    with  bath....    1.50  up 

2  persons,  ....  2.00  up 

Cars  pass  door  to  Exposition 

HOTEL  APPLETON 

240  O'FARRELL  ST. 
near  Powell 

L.  B.  FAUGHT,  Prop. 


The 

Newhouse 

Hotel 

Salt    Lake    City's 
Newest 

400   rooms,   fire-proof, 

each  room  with  a  bath, 

and  an  outside  room 

RATES 

$1.50 

AND  UPWARDS 

Beautifully  furnished,  ab 
solutely  first  class  in  every 
respect. 

Open  for  business  March 
27,  1915 

F.  W.  PAGET,  Manager 


149 


Exhibits  of  the  following  firms   are   in  the   Palace  of 
Manufacturers 


ACETYLENE— OXYGEN  PROCESS 

WELDING 

Davis-Bournonville   Apparatus 

An  active  demonstration  of  this  wonderful  process  can  be  seen  at  our  exhibit  booths 
at  the  Collective  Gas  Exhibit  in  the  Manufacturers  Building. 

Davis-Bournonville  Acetylene-Oxygen  Welding  and  Cutting  Apparatus  is  celebrated 
for  efficiency  and  economy.  Helpful  co-operation  and  instructions  are  points  of  vital 
interest  to  purchasers  and  this  service  is  extended  through  all  Davis-Bournonville 
Branches. 

In  connection  with  our  branch  in  San  Francisco,  we  conduct  an  extensive  custom 
welding  department  where  work  in  large  variety  is  carried  on  and  thus  offering  appara 
tus  purchasers  practical  experience  under  very  favorable  conditions. 

METAL  WELD  COMPANY 

19  to  25  Minna  St.  San  Francisco 

Representatives  for  DAVIS-BOURNONVILLE  Co.,  Welding  Apparatus  and  Supplier. 

Manufacturers  of  ELECTROLYTIC  OXYGEN  for  Welding  and  Cutting. 
Our  Custom  Welding  Department  is  completely  equipped  for  all  classes  of  work,  in 
cluding  operators  and  equipment  for  outside  work. 

Full  information  at  our  exhibit  or  we  will  gladly  forward  same  by  mail  on  request. 


ADVERTISEMENTS—  Classified 

Page  Page 

Foundry  and  Machinery.  Grand   Pacific  Hotel,   Chicago...    148 

Bond   Co.,   Chas  ................    131        Great  Northern  Hotel,   Chicago.    129 

Furniture.  Hotel   Adams,   Oakland,   back   of 

Ground  Map    ...............  Insert 

S.   Karpen   &   Bros  .............    144  Berkeley>    back 


Heating  and  Lighting.  of  Ground  Map    ............  Insert 

Utility  Gas  Appliance  and  Sales  Hotel   Crellin,   Oakland,   back  of 

Co                      .  .  ................    138  Ground  Map    ...............  Insert 

Hotel  Del  Monte,  Del  Monte  ____    121 

Hotels  and  Apartments.  Hotel    EHIg     Oakland,    back    of 

Antlers  Hotel,  Colorado  Springs   137  Ground  Map    ...............  Insert 

Appleton    .....................    14,9  Hotel    Harrison,    Oakland,    back 

Bellevue-Stratford,    Philadelphia  146  of  Ground  Map    ...........  .Insert 

Blackstone,    Chicago     ..........    146  Hotel  McAlpin,  New  York  ......        8 

Berkeley  Inn,  Berkeley,  back  of  Hotel   Morse,   Berkeley,   back   of 

Ground  Map    ...............  Insert  Ground  Map    ...............  Insert 

Braemar    Hotel,    Berkeley,    back  Hotel  Monteleone,  New  Orleans.    126 

of  Ground  Map    ............  Insert  Hote]  Qakland    Oakland,  back  of 

DUb"n      Cany°n  135  Around  Map    ...............  Insert 


..  .  .. 

Fort  Dearborn  Hotel,  Chicago..    143  Hotel  Jlaza'    San    Francisco..        147 

Golden    West    Hotel,    San    Fran-  Hotel   San  Pabl°-  Oakland,  back 

Cisco    .......................    148  of  Ground  Map    ............  In««r  t 

ISO 


The  outside  of  the  wonderful  Palaces 

of  the 

Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition 

Are  Painted  with 

L.  &  S. 

Cement  Paint 

THE  PAINT  PRODUCTS  CORPORATION 

Sole  Manufacturers 

LAIRD  &  SINCLAIR 
SHARON  BUILDING       Distributors      SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


IS  THAT  SO! 

WELL !    The  inside  of  these  Palaces 

were  painted  with  a  trainload  of 

28  cars  of 

BLENIO 

FIREPROOF  OILINE 
PAINT 

Manufactured  only  by 

THE  ADAMANT  PAINT  COMPANY 

Office,  8  PINE  ST.,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

Factory,  WEST  BERKELEY,  CAL. 
151 


Paul  Elder  (2&  Company 

San  Francisco  Publisher 


No.  239  Grant  Avenue,  San  Francisco 

Cor.  Ave.  D  and  2nd  St.,  Palace  of  Liberal  Arts,  P.P.  I.E. 


"DOOKS  on  California,  San 
^"^  Francisco  and  the  Expo 
sition.  A  few  prominent 
titles  :  "  Nature  and  Science 
on  the  Pacific  Coast,"  "The 
Art  of  the  Exposition," 
"  Bohemian  San  Francisco," 
"California  the  Beautiful," 
"The  Old  Spanish  Missions 
of  California,"  "Yosemite 
Flora,"  Etcetera,  Etcetera. 


Classified  Catalogue  on 
Application 


ADVERTISEMENTS— Classified 


Page 
Hotel  Shattuck,  Berkeley,  back 

of  Ground  Map  Insert 

Hotel  Sherman,  Chicago  141 

Hotel  St.  Marks,  Oakland,  back 

of  Ground  Map  Insert 

Hotel  Touraine,  Oakland,  back 

of  Ground  Map  Insert 

Inside  Inn,  Exposition  Grounds.  136 
Key  Route  Inn.  Oakland,  back  of 

Ground  Map  Insert 

Menger  Hotel,  San  Antonio 129 

Newhouse  Hotel,  Salt  Lake  City  149 

Nippon  Mura,  Los  Gatos  131 

Pacific  Grove  Hotel,  Pacific 

Grove  121 

Rice  Hotel,  Houston  131 

Savoy  Hotel,  Denver  137 

St.  Charles  Hotel,  New  Orleans.  126 
St.  James  Hotel,  San  Francisco.  155 
St.  Paul  Hotel,  St.  Paul 129 

Apartment*. 

Castlewood,     Oakland,     back     of 
Ground  Map    Insert 


Chesapeake,    Berkeley,    back    of 

Ground  Map  Insert 

Laconla,  Oakland,  back  of 

Ground  Map  Insert 

Lafayette,  Berkeley,  back  of 

Ground  Map  Insert 

Peralta,  Oakland,  back  of 

Ground  Map   Insert 

Industries 

Balkan    States,    Exhibits    156 

Instruments   for  the  Deaf. 

Little  Gem  Ear  Phone 1 

Insurance. 
Prudential   Insurance  Co 139 

Jewelers. 

Radke  Co .148 

Walton  &  Company 153 

Leather  Belting. 

Bond,    Chas.,   &  Co 131 

Schieren,  Chas.  A.,  Co...  .    158 


OPPORTUNITIES  IN  WESTERN  STATES— CALIFORNIA 

CALIFORNIA  STATE  AND  GOVERNMENT  LANDS.  Fine  climate,  fruit, 
stock,  health  and  wealth.  Booklet,  ten  cents.  Write  California  State  Land 
Information  Bureau,  Sacramento,  California. 

152 


Machinery    for    Irrigation. 

California     Corrugated     Culvert 

Co 154 

Western  Gas   Engine   Corp 134 

Manufacturers'    Agents. 

Parrott  &  Co 133 

Milk. 

Pacific     Coast     Condensed     Milk 

Co 160 

United  Milk  Co 136 

Mineral    Waters 

Castalian   156 

Murals — Official  Book. 

Wahlgreen    Co.,    Publishers    ....    157 


ADVERTISEMENTS— Classified 
Page 


Page 

.    130 


Musical  Instruments. 

Galleazzi  &  Sons,  G 

Opticians    and    Optical    Goods. 

Bausch  &  Lomb   Optical  Co 1 

Mayerle,  George   149 

Oriental    Bazaars. 

Sing  Fat  Co 145 

Paints,    Oils    and    Varnish. 

Adamant  Paint  Co 151 

Fuller  &  Co.,  W.   P 3 

Hueter's    153 

Laird  &  Sinclair 151 

Portable  Houses. 

Lundy,  A.  L.  &  L.  B 


131 


INTERESTING  and  INSTRUCTIVE 

IS  THE  EXHIBIT  OF 

Hueter's  Superior  Varnishes 

In  the  Northeast  Corner  of  the  Palace  of  Agriculture — P.  P.  I.  E 
Manufactured  on  the  Pacific  Coast  since  1857 


AWARDED  GOLD  MEDAL  OF  HONOR 


lack 


Gems  totally  different  from  all  others — of  radiant  iridescent 
beauty,  the  Black  Opal  stands  pre-eminently  the  most  magnifi 
cent  of  all  precious  stones. 

After  enjoying  the  splendor  of  the  Exposition  visitors  should 
see  the  wonderful  collection  of  precious  Opals,  conceded  to  be 
the  finest  in  the  world,  on  display  in  the  stores  of 

WALTON    C&    COMPANY 


145  GRANT  AVENUE 
SAN    FRANCISCO 


348  SO.  BROADWAY 
LOS     AN  GELES 


Also  a  collection  of  precious  stones  from  California  and  all  other 
parts  of  the  world — mounted  in  wonderfully  odd  settings  peculiar 
to  these  establishments — may  be  seen  at  these  interesting  stores, 
where  GENUINE  ARTICLES  ONLY  are  offered  for  sale. 

153 


ADVERTISEMENTS—Classified 

Page  Pag« 

Power  Transmission   Machinery.  Railways. 

Bond  Foundry  &  Machine  Co....    131        Nevada,     California     &     Oregon 

'  '        '  '  '  '    ' 


<oin*      oLtd  131  Pensylvana  System          .  .  .  .    .  128 

Coupling  Co.,  Ltd  ............  1  southern  Pacific  Ry  .....  back  cover 

Precious  Stones.  Western  Pacific  Ry  .............  10 

Radke  ........................  148  Real   Estate. 

Schorr  Exhibit,  A  ..............  156  Calif.     State    Land    information 

Walton   &  Co  ..................  153  Bureau   .....................  152 

Publishers.  Nevada  California  Oregon  Ry.  .  .  144 

T-,,,        p    ~       -D      1  -.ro  Southern  Pacific  Lands  .........  155 

w2^™  C°"nPaU™  .............  ^  Van  Bokkelen  Bros  ............  160 

Wahlgreen  Co.,  The    ...........  11  Wooster  Company   .............  130 

Pumps—  All    Kind*.  Refrigerators. 

Bean  Spray  Pump  Co  ...........  144  Grand  Rapids  Refrigerator  Co..  125 


IF  You  ARE  INTERESTED  IN 

GOOD  ROADS  IRRIGATION 

RAILROADS  MINING 

You  should  see  in  operation 

Corrugated  Road  Culverts 

Smooth  Metal  Flume  :  Automatic  Flood  Gates 

Irrigation  Gates,Tanks,Troughs,  Etc. 

and  learn  why    the   material  of 
which  they  are  made 

ARMCO  IRON  is  Rust-Resisting 

at  Exhibit ',  Palace  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy 

7th  St.,  bet.  Avenues  C  and  D 

CALIFORNIA  CORRUGATED  CULVERT  COMPANY 

LOS  ANGELES      :      WEST  BERKELEY 


Be  Sure  to  Visit 

THE  CHINESE  FOOD  AND  TEA  PARLOR 

Appetizing  Chinese  dishes  prepared  by  experts  in  Oriental  art. 

Prices  most  reasonable. 
Special  35,  50  and  65  cent  lunches  daily. 

Try  our  Gold  Medal  Tea;  it's  sure  to  please  you. 
FOOD  PRODUCTS  PALACE  Aves.  B  and  C,  4th  and  5th  Sts 

154 


HOTEL  ST.  JAMES 

VAN  NESS  AVENUE,  CORNER  FULTON 
OPPOSITE  THE  CIVIC  CENTER         -        -          SAN  FRANCISCO 


NO  ADVANCE  IN  RATES  ON  ACCOUNT  OF  EXPOSITION 
#7.00  a  Day 

SPECIAL  RATES  BY  THE  WEEK 
EDWIN  SELIG,         -         -         -         Proprietor 


MAKING  MONEY  FARMING 

is  a  regular  habit  in  Southern  Pacific  Districts. 

SOUTHERN  PACIFIC  LANDS 

for  sale,  suitable  for  fruits,  grains  and  vegetables  in  desirable  dis 
tricts  in  California,  Northern  Nevada  and  Northwestern  Utah.  You 
can  have  practically  your  choice  of  climate. 

Lands  for  MIXED  FARMING  and  STOCK  RAISING  in 
Siskiyou  Co.,  Calif.,  and  Elko,  Humboldt  and  Washoe  Counties, 
Nevada,  at  $2.50  to  $12.50  per  acre. 

FRUIT  AND  GENERAL  FARMING  lands  in  Fresno  Co., 
Calif.,  at  $20.00  to  $125.00  per  acre. 

ALFALFA,  GRAIN  AND  FRUIT  lands  in  Los  Angeles,  Kern 
and  San  Bernardino  Counties,  Calif.,  at  $15.00  to  $50.00  per  acre. 

DATES,  FIGS,  GRAPES,  ALFALFA,  COTTON,  etc.,  in  the 
EARLY  CROP  DISTRICT  — Coachella  Valley,  Riverside  Co., 
Calif.,  $40.00  to  $125.00  per  acre. 

B.  A.  McALLASTER,  Land  Comm'r   C.  E.  WANTLAND,  Gen'l  Sales  Agt. 

Offices:  801  Flood  Bldg.,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 
410  Grosse  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

Southern  Pacific  Building,  Exposition  Grounds,  San  Francisco 

155 


Castalian    W  a  t  e  r 

Nature's  Remedy  for  stomach  and  kidney  troubles.  Effective  for 
diphtheria,  quinsy  sore  throat,  varicose  veins  and  blood  poisoning. 

Not  a  Patent  Medicine,  but  a  Natural  Mineral  Water  mined  in  Cali 
fornia.  Awarded  the  Highest  Award  at  the  California  State  Fair, 
1880;  Louisville  Exposition,  1885;  New  York  Fair,  1886-1888,  and 
Chicago  Columbian  Exposition,  1893. 

Sold  in  All  Drug  Stores.     Descriptive  circular  sent  Free. 

J.   P.    FORBES    &   CO.  -  ALAMEDA,    CALIFORNIA 

Free  samples  at  exhibit,  Food  Products  Palace,  P.  P.  I.  E. 

San   Francisco,    1915 


ADVERTISEMENTS— Classified 

Restaurants.  Steamship  Lines. 

Chinese  Food  and  Tea  Parlor.  . .    154  American  Hawaiian  S.  S.  Co 132 

Golden  Pheasant 130  Cunard  Steamship  Co 2 

Holland  America  Line 134 

American  Coal  Product-  Co 157  ^^fT^^^^^.  .  .    132 

Road  Culverts.  Toilet  Articles. 

California     Corrugated     Culvert  Arlington  Co.,  The 133 

Company 154  Laughlin    Fruit    Refining    Co 133 

Road  Machinery.  Travelers'    Checks. 

Bacon  &  Co.,  Edward  R 134  American  Bankers'   Assn 7 

n'mf  American   Express  Co 159 

>ofs<  Wells     Fargo     Company 138 

Barrett  Manufacturing  Co 157  Typewriters 

Saws  and  Tools.  Remington    Co.,    The    .  .' 5 

Atkins  &  Co.,  E.  C 1  Vacuum   Cleaners. 

Disston  &  Sons,  Henry 128  Clements   Mfg.    Co 135 

Sculpture — Official  Book.  Varnishes. 

Wahlgreen  Co.,   Publishers 157  Hueter's    153 

Souvenirs  "Water   Meters. 

Pant    T    Riinprt  Q  Neptune  Meter  Co 133 

Pn  Waterproofing   Material. 

Co 148  Ceresit  Waterproofing  Co 9 

Sprayers — Hand  and  Power.  Welding. 

Bean  Spray  Pump  Co 144  Metal   Weld   Co.    .  150 


™E  Balkan  States  Exhibits 

Palace  of  Varied  Industries,  Ave.  A*  and  6th  Street 

Showing  the  People  in  their  native  cos 
tumes  and  wonderful  industries 

Headquarters,  J5  Maiden  Lane,  New  York  City 

THE  A.  Schorr  Exhibit 

Palace  of  Varied  Industries,  Avenue  B*  and  3rd  Street 

Fine  Gem  Black  Opal  Table, 
Collection  of  American  Pearls, 
Precious  Stones  and  Antique  Jewelry 

Headquarters,  f  5  Maiden  Lane,  New  York  City 

156 


Make  a  Note  to  Visit  the  Exhibit  of 

Tarvia  Roads 

Tar-Rok  Sub-Floors 

Sulphate   of   Ammonia 

Barrett's  Coal  Tar  Pitches 

Barrett    Specification    Roofs 

Barrett's  Grade  One  Liquid  Creosote  Oil 

Everjet  Paint — Velvex  Creosote  Shingle  Stains 

Roofing,  Building  and  Sheathing  Felts  and  Papers 

Benzols,    Toluols,    Carbolic    Acids,    Disinfectants,    Aniline 

Dye  Bases  and  other  Coal  Derived  Chemicals 

American  Coal  Products  Company 
Barrett  Manufacturing  Company 

Ave.  D  and  Seventh  St.  Mines  and  Metallurgy  Bldg. 


THE  ONLY  COMPLETE,  OFFICIAL  AND 
APPROVED  HANDBOOK  on  the  SUBJECT 

The  Sculpture  and  Murals 

OF  THE 

PANAMA-PACIFIC 
INTERNATIONAL 
EXPOSITION 

By   STELLA  G.  S.  PERRY 

Gives  the  location,  symbolism,  and  meaning  of  all  statuary 
and  mural  paintings  on  the  grounds,  with  information  con 
cerning  the  sculpture  and  artists. 

Indispensable  to  a  proper  understanding  and  enjoyment  of 
the  superb  works  of  art  which  enrich  the  Exposition's 
architecture. 

On  sale  on  the  Grounds  and  at  all  ncwstands 
PRICE  50  CENTS 

Published  by  THE  WAHLGREEN  Co.,  Official  Publishers 
to  the  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition 


157 


NATURES  EXPOSITION 

AND  ALL -THE -YEAR 
VACATION    GROUND 

R  VISIT-  SEE   IT  ALL 


San  Francisco,  Oakland,   Berkeley  and 

Bay  Region 

Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  Valleys 
Santa  Clara,  Pajaro  and  Salinas  Valleys 
Santa  Cruz,  Mountains  and  Big  Trees 
Del  Monte  and  Monterey  Bay  Points 
Byron,  Paraiso,  El  Pajaro  and  Gilroy 

Hot  Springs 
Yosemite  National  Park 
Mariposa  Big  Tree  Grove 
Lake  Tahoe  and  Sierra  Region 
Kings  and  Kern  Rivers  Canyons 
Lake  County  Resorts  and  Springs 
Paso  Robles  Hot  Springs,  Santa  Barbara 

and  Coast  Country 
Los  Angeles  and  its  Beaches 
Pasadena,  Riverside  and  Redlands 
Imperial  and  Coachella  Valleys 
Shasta  Springs  and  Resorts 
Klamath  Lake  Region  and  Crater  Lake 
Willamette,  Umpqua  and  Rogue 

River  Valleys 
Portland,  Tacoma  and  Seattle 


For  Fares,  Train  Service  and  Descriptive  Booklets  inquire  at  Southern  Pacif 
Building,  near  Fillmore  Street  Entrance,  Exposition  Grounds,  or  at  Ticket  Office 
in  Flood  Building,  Palace  Hotel,  Third  Street  Stati  j,  Ferry  Station,  San  Franciscj 

SOUTHERN  /PACIFIC! 

THE  EXPOSITION  LINE-FIF        IN  SAFETY 


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UNIVERSITY  OFJf  ALIFORNIA,  BERKELEY 
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GENERAL  LIBRARY  -  U.C.  BERKELEY 


